Acid Silicic iyo codsiga

Silicic acid aragti ahaan waa xarunta ah ee xabagta Silicon iyo biyo. War sidee ratio ka mid ah qaybaha ay noqon karaan kuwo kala duwan. Sidaa darteed, guud ahaan inta ay ka kooban matali karaan by caanaha. In ay taasi dhacdo acid silicic la joogitaanka tiro kala duwan ee xabagta Silicon iyo biyaha, taas oo ah, iyada oo qiimaha kala duwan ee ku soo koobin n iyo m, si fudud ka mid ah gobolka guuri kartaa si kale. Sayidka, n iyo m kiiskan loo arki karaa doorsoomayaasha.

In aragtida, silicic acid la diyaarin karaa by ficil silicate a bir ah alkali (tus sodium) oo ah acids "xoog leh" (tus, Aashito). Sidaas, ee gobolka free ayaa go'doonsan (diyaariyey), qaar ka mid ah acids kuwan: metasilicic, orthosilicic iyo kuwa kale. Tusaale ahaan, falgal kiimikaad saara metasilicic acid:

+ 2HCl = + 2NaCl

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si aad u hesho a silicic acid saafiga ah waa macquul. In xal aqueous (oo ay ka heli supersaturated) silicic acid ee geedi socodka polymerization way joogsatay formation salaysan xal Kolloidol leh muddo gaaban halkii jiritaanka. Dheeraad ah, kuwaas oo xal of gel sameeyay by xinjirowga. Dhexdeeda been isticmaalka silicic acid, tan waxaa la miiro gel in la siiyo silica waxa loogu yeero, kuwaas oo waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida desiccant ah oo nuugta. Intaa waxaa dheer, iyadoo la isticmaalayo xasiliya gaar ah, diyaarisay ka xal Kolloidol colloids deggan (ama sols) kaas oo sidoo kale ka heli codsiga ee wax soo saarka.

Silicic acid waa liidata L., thermally deganayn oo daciif ah. Marka kulul, kala daatay ee acid silicic oo waxaa lagu qeexay by falcelinta socda kiimikada:

=

Waxa kale oo acid ah ka nugul yihiin dhuxul la mid ah. By kugula acid silicic this in xal aqueous waxaa ku barakacay carbonic acid ka ay kala duwan cusbada. Tusaale ahaan, waxa loo arki karaa in fal-celin ah:

= +

Silicic cusbada acid waxaa lagu magacaabaa silicates. Waxay leeyihiin qaybinta ballaadhan ee dabiiciga ah. Tusaale ahaan, in dhulka udubyadiisa inta badan ka kooban yahay silicas iyo silicates. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid feldspar, maadado kala duwan, Miikaa, Rusheyn kartaa, iyo kuwo kale oo badan. Silicates lagu daray sideeda oo dhagaxyo ah - dhagax adag, basalt, iyo kuwa kale. kiristaalo silicate waa GEMS si fiican u yaqaan sida, taas oo, sababta oo ah failed oo quruxduna waa in la tixgeliyaa oo qaali ah sida dhagaxyo sumurud, iyo tobasiyos, iyo aquamarine.

Inta badan silicates ah beelaya in biyaha. The kaliya ee ka reeban yihiin silicates sodium iyo potassium. Waxay waxaa laga heli karaa by alloying la hydroxide u dhigma ama carbonate. Tusaale ahaan,

+ + =

xal aqueous of cusbada ka helay sidan ayaa loo yaqaan "waterglass". Waxaa helaa isticmaalka ballaaran sida gal ah in wax soo saarka ee acid u adkaysta la taaban karo, iyo marka lagu daro, loo isticmaalo soo saaridda oo dhan Putty iyo waraaqaha xabagta yaqaan. Sida retardant olol iyo biyuhu iyaga impregnating waxyaabaha sidoo kale ka baaraandegi dhar, qori iyo warqad sameeyey.

Silicates, oo qayb ka ah taas oo ay jirto aluminium, helay magaca aluminosilicate. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ahaa Miikaa iyo feldspar, inkastoo ay qaab-dhismeedka badan ka adag yahay. Sayidka, feldspar, xabagta Silicon iyo marka laga reebo xabagta aluminium kale oo ku jira oxides of sodium, potassium, iyo sodium. In ka kooban Miikaa, marka lagu daro aluminium iyo Silicon, waxa ay leedahay a hydrogen, sodium ama potassium, laakiin waxaa laga yaabaa in, inkastoo ay ka yar caadiga ah, sidoo kale calcium, magnesium ama bir.

Guud ahaan, isticmaalka silicates in xaaladaha la joogo waa mid aad u ballaadhan oo kala duwan. dhagaxyada silicate Mountain waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida qalabka dhismaha. Silicates isticmaalo qalab dihin ee wax soo saarka sibidhka, buuxiyo kala duwan, dhoobada, dhalooyinka, iyo Miikaa, iyo asbestos sidaas. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa wax soo saarka ee qalabka kala duwan qalabada kaamerada iyo korontada.