Cathedral ee Santa Maria del Fiore ee Florence: photo, naqshada, gudaha

dalxiisayaal Independent yimaada Florence, ee DKMG ah si adag ugu talinaynaa booqasho, marka laga reebo Senor aagga, Old Bridge iyo Palace Uffizi ah, durkin ugu caansan oo la garan karo of this la yaab leh Talyaani magaalada-museum - Cathedral ee Santa Maria del Fiore. Photos iyo images of masterpiece this naqshadda aad u badan tahay ee abid arki doonaa. Iyo sawirada ka mid ah ayaa inta badan la dhigtay hawada dhismayaasha cufan macbudka ku wareegsan uusan u oggolaan in aan ka heli xagal xaq u leeyihiin in ay qabsadaan wax oo dhan. Laakiin waa wax badan ka wanaagsan yahay mid ka mid ah sawirada arki doonaa gacanta Cathedral marka hore - marka qorraxdu soo dejinta gilds qubbad cas si tartiib ah ama marka Talyaani habeenkii maro jilicsan shiday nalal Nuur cajiib ah. Tani waa kaniisad taajir, taariikh xiiso leh oo calaamad u ah. In wadnaha ee Florence Renaissance hanad dhaxeeya kooxo ka tagay sumadda dhagax.

Taariikhda Cathedral ee

Qorshayaasha si ay u dhisaan macbudka ugu weyn ee magaalada, waxaa la ansixiyay dhamaadkii qarnigii saddex iyo tobnaad. Laakiin ma waxaad dhihi karaa in Cathedral ee Santa Maria del Fiore ee Florence waxaa la dhisay ka xoq. Waxaa jiray kaniisad yar oo Saint Reparate. Iyo ugu caansan Fiorentine Basilica waa mid gaar ah in ay bilaabeen inay la dhisay meesha dhismaha hore ee aan weli la burburiyey. Reparata Quduuska ah ilaa dhamaadka qarnigii saddex iyo tobnaad waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay hodana oo ka mid ah magaalada. Tiradan waxaa semi-halyeeyga. bikrad Young ka Palestine uu maray jirdil la safeeyey Romans nacabkaa kala duwan ee ay uga go'an tahay in ay kiristaanka ee III qarnigii. Church of St. Reparata la dhisay qiyaastii qarnigii lixaad. Laakiin sidoo kale ma aha in vacuum ah. Waqtiyadii hore waxaa ka taagnaa macbud jaahilka. Marka waagu Masiixiyadda by kooxdiisa baptistery la dhisay, (waayo, baabtiiskii qolka neophytes). Waxaa la og yahay, in ilaa qubuuraha kaniisadda uu ku yaalay. Dabayaaqadii xilliga tombstones hannaanka lagu wareejiyay museum macbudka ah.

megalomania Qarniyadii?

Waxa ugu horreeya ee amazes dalxiisayaasha yimaada Duomo ah - cathedral, waa ay size. Baptistery iyo campanile ah (munaaraddii dawan) waa kala soocan yihiin, in kastoo ka mid ah dhismaha naqshadda. Laakiin dhismaha macbudka waa run ahaantii la yaab leh ay size Rafaa. Waa maxay, megalomania halkaas oo kale ah? Si aad ka jawaabto su'aashan, waa in aan xusuusan, markay dhisay Cathedral ee Santa Maria del Fiore. Florence bilowga XIII qarnigii la kulmay barwaaqo dhaqaale iyo sheegatay horyaalka ka mid ah Jamhuuriyadda magaalooyinka. Oo predominated ma aha oo kaliya in Italy, laakiin xataa dhan Western Europe. Si ay u muujiyaan in ay hoggaanka (ugu horayn ay xafiiltamaan ee waaweyn - Siena iyo Pisa), oo waxaa la go'aamiyay in la dhiso ugu weyn ee wakhtigaas ka cathedral iyo campanile ugu sareeya. Sida laga soo xigtay qorshaha, kiniisadda lahaa si uu u qabto dadka ku nool bulsho ku nool magaalooyinka, taasoo waagaas gaadhay Joogaba, loo arag bar - sagaashan kun oo qof. Dhismaha qiyaasta noocan oo kale ah ayaa loolan farshaxanka naqshadaha Dr Makumbe. Waxa uu helay by Arnolfo di Cambio, naqshadeeyaha ugu caansan, kuwaas oo mashruuca ee Florence horey loogu taagay Vecchio Palazzo iyo Cross Church Quduuska ah.

Cathedral ee Santa Maria del Fiore: dhise

Dhismaha kaniisadda cathedral ahaa arrin haybad. dhismaha waxay ahayd inuu noqdo gaar ah. Sidaa darteed, naqshadeeyaha ugu Arnolfo iska dhicin ka Gothic xeerkoodu, kaasoo amar ku bixiyay in la dhiso dhismayaasha xurmada leh qaab iskutallaabta a Latin. Sayidka, on top of kaniisadda eg xarafka "T". Naqshada biiray karoos Latin la rotunda a wadaaagin, kaas oo ahaa madaxa loo saaraa taaj qubbad. Saddex birahooda la wadaago by tiirarka ballaaran u dhaxeyso. Iyada oo rajo ka mid ah rotunda iyo meesha allabariga ee goobta cibaadaysiga in transept ah. Di Cambio ma uu karin inuu arko xaqiijinta Caruurtooda. in 1302 uu ku dhintay, iyo Cathedral ee Santa Maria del Fiore, kan uu wax u tari jirtay qorshe muddo dheer gasho goobta dhismaha tagay jeestay. Magaaladu waxay si fudud ma haysato lacag ku filan mashruuca hami. Exit ka xiisadda dhaqaale laga helay 1330: hab la yaab leh in Church Reparate ah "helay" oo Mala'igtu xambaari ee Saint Zenobia, iyo sanadka ah ee shaqada ka dib recommenced.

hadha qudbad

Sokoeye iyo "mashruuca qarnigii" waxa uu noqday a ganacsatada dhogorta dukaan awood (della Carte Lana). Waxa uu kiraystay kale laakiin rinjiile caanka ah iyo naqshada Giotto ma jiro. Laakiin odayga ahaa mid aad u hami si ay u fuliyaan qorshaha dhaxlay. Oo wuxuu dhismihii bilaabay campanile ah. Markii uu dhintay (1337), oo kaliya ay sagxad hoose waxaa la dhisay. Ka dibna dib-u-dhegtay shaqada iyo toban sannadood ay sabab u tahay Black Weyn Belaayadii. In 1349, burhaantiisa naqshadeeyaha ugu weyn ee Francesco Talenti wareegay, kuwaas oo weli u suurtagashay in ay munaaraddii dhammeeyo. In 1359 dhismaha waxaa madax u Dzhovanni Di Lapo Ghini. Markaas mararkii kale yimid. Cathedral ee Santa Maria del Fiore ee Florence bedelay badan oo injineero. Oo dhammaantood way wada "magaca." Waxaan la soconaa sayid sida Giovanni d'Ambrodzho, laakiin sidoo kale by Alberto Arnoldi, iyo Neri Di Foravante iyo Andrea Orkanya ... By 1375 ugu danbeyn kala dhantaashay kaniisad hore ee St. Reparate, iyo in 1380 ka macbudka ugu weyn ee ka qalin jabiyay. Laakiin Aamino ee dhismaha ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey ... oo keliya qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad.

qubbad

Sida hore u soo sheegnay, Cathedral ee Santa Maria del Fiore la dhisay oo dhan dhismayaasha kale ee la midka Gothic iyo shumac isaga si aan wanaagsanayn. Indeed, kaniisadda ugu weyn ee Florence dhererkeedu yahay shan kaliya mitir liita Milan ee caanka ah Al Duomo (153 vs. 158 m). Sida laga soo xigtay qorshaha naqshada di Cambio, rotunda waxay ahayd in taaj Xamar. Laakiin cathedral ahaa sida podbannik weyn in mid ka mid waqti dheer kuma ay dhicin inay bilaabaan shaqo ay abuurista. Waxa ay ahayd oo keliya in 1420 tartan ka naqshadeeyaha ugu weyn Brunelleschi iman. Wuxuu soo jeediyay in qorshaha qubbad octagonal golaha magaalada lebenkii. Tani qaab xafiiltamaan Gothic loo moodayay in ay guursadaan siraad madaxtooyada. Work waa mid adag by sare sare iyo xaqiiqda ah in dhismaha aan la taagan dhulka iyo ku xidheen darbiyada toosan of katedraalka. Sidaas darteed, 15 sano ka dib ayaa iftiin u soo jeestay, bararka qubbad 42 mitir ee height, kuwaas oo hadda ay go'aamiso dushana ay caan ku Florence.

gudaha

On socotada ku ceebownaaye waxa ay taasi dareen ah maqlana - Cathedral ee Santa Maria del Fiore ee Florence. Photos macbudka inta badan Gaadhsiin ay decoration hodan dibadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gudaha ay u badan tahay, marka la barbar dhigo naqshadaha Aamino muuqataa saboolka ah. Waxaa Hagidda ee socotada Ruush qarnigii toddoba - PA a Qaro weyn. Waxa uu qoray in "kaniisad waa weyn yahay oo aad iyo aad u qurux badan iyo yaab badan sameeyey", laakiin in "hat ma jirin." Waxa kale oo suuragal ah in aragti tani waxaa la abuuray by farqiga u leh kiniisadaha Orthodox. Haa, iyo dalxiisayaasha oo casri ah ayaa sheegaya in kaniisadda ekaan naxashka a hir sameeyey, oo waa faaruq gudaha. Dhaleeceyn sidoo kale ogsoonow in ka baxsan cathedral ahaa ku xiran Buzadag ee Talyaani Gothic goor dambe. Gudaha noqday goobta tijaabo farshaxanka ee sayid ugu dhiirato Renaissance. Paul Temple la sameeyo oo gebi ahaanba marmar ah. meesha allabariga ugu weyn ee laga sameeyey oo alabastar iyo qurxiyey sawirro. Masters isticmaalaa noocyo kala duwan oo marmar ah (cagaaran, cad iyo casaan), si loo gaaro play a dabiiciga ah ee iftiinka. Renaissance nuurar la abuuray iyo daaqadaha muraayada weyn.

Campanile

Isticmaalka xaqiiqada ah in dhismaha dawan Towers jirin cad xeerkoodu Giotto si buuxda shaaca ka qaaday inuu hibo u tara. Waxa uu soo jeediyay in talo ah ee magaalada mitir labaatan munaaradaha qaab, dhinaca deyr buttresses. Guriyo openwork abuuray in daaqadaha double mahad aragti ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, derbiyadiisii oo dhan munaaraddii dawan waxaa dhaqax lagu sharaxay leh farshaxan Alifana iyo alxanka. In kastoo sayidkii weyn ku dhintay bilowga shaqada, sayid kale si cad u hogaansamey qorshihiisa iyo sawiro. Sidaas darteed, "Giotto ee Campanile" waxaa loo yaqaan ugu yaraan dunida oo dhan ka badan naftayda Cathedral ee Santa Maria del Fiore, taas oo ay soo galo.

baptistery

Waxaa la og yahay in baptistery hore u jirey in 897 sano, xitaa ka hor inta dhismaha oo ka mid ah Church of Saint Reparate. Markaas baptistery gooni istaagay ka macbudyo cibaadada, iyo Cathedral ee Santa Maria del Fiore waa laga reebo lahayn. baptistery eegno Modern si tartiib tartiib ah helay. Dhisay 1059 derbiyadoodii oo qarnigii a ayaa la kulantay marmar midab leh. Body of teendho ka taagay qarnigii XII ah. Renaissance baptistery siiyey albaabada iyo farshaxan marmar saddex naxaas iyaga u taliya. Iyo sharaf ee christening qurxin Fiorentine diriray tartanka ka sculptors ugu fiican Tuscany. Dhismaha abuuraa aragti been ah oo ah saddex-story, laakiin dhab ahaantii waxaa jira heerarka laba kaliya. Sababta tani khayaal indhaha waa marmar cladding derbigii dibadda.

The macbudka iyo magaalada

Ma aha oo kaliya in size iyo masterpieces naqshadda, laakiin ay taariikhda waa mid cajiib ah Cathedral ee Santa Maria del Fiore. Florence, oo leh taariikh ay qarniyo jir ah ula lala ay macbudka ugu weyn. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah dhacdooyinka weyn oo taariikhi ah ka dhacay derbiyadeeda. Halkan wuxuu ka sameeyey wacdigii toobadda Savonarola. In macbudkan la dilay walaalkiis ee ahaa taliyihii Florence, Lorenzo ka wayn - Dzhuliano Medichi. Oo crypt ee cathedral helay tacsiyaynta by Giotto, qoraaga mid ah Campanile iyo Brunelleschi - Abuuraha reer Xamar.