Church The Roman Catholic, taariikhda, sharaxaad, iyo madaxa quduuska ah

Waxaa laga yaabaa in mid ka mid ah kaniisadaha Christian ugu weyn waa Church Catholic Roman ah. Waxaa lagu wareero ama ka jihada guud ee Masiixiyada xitaa in qarniyo fog hore ee ay dhacdo. Erayga "Catholic" waxaa laga erayga Giriigga ah ee "universal" ama "universal". Wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan asalka ah ee kaniisadda, iyo sidoo kale muuqaalada ay aan ka wada hadalno in this article.

asal ahaan

History of Church Catholic Roman ah bilaabmaa 1054, marka ay dhacdo ka dhacay, kaas oo ku sugnaa gudaha dalka qorna ee loo yaqaan "khilaaf weyn". Inkasta oo Catholics ma diidi in dhammaan dhacdooyinka ka hor kala go'ay - iyo taariikhdooda. Just ka joogo in ay tageen xagga jidka iyaga u gaar ah. Sannaddii in Wadaad iyo Pope ka badelay warqado hanjabaad ah iyo in la qiyaamay inkaarnaado kasta oo kale. Ka dib markii Masiixiyada in ugu danbeyn kala qaybsan tahay oo la aasaasay laba hadda - Asalraacnimadu iyo galaya.

Sidaas darteed of kala kaniisadda Christian istaagay baxay Western (Catholic) jihada taas oo ahayd xarunta of Rome,, iyo Bari (Orthodox), xuddun ee Constantinople. Dabcan, sababta muuqata dhacdooyinka this ahaayeen kala duwan oo ku saabsan arrimaha iwm oo soo qaadanin, iyo sidoo kale heeso duluc adag iyo edbinta, taas oo muddo dheer bilaabay ka hor taariikhda in. Markaasaa waxaa taas sano, khilaaf iyo ismaandhaaf ah halkii.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaqiiqadu waxa ay ahayd qoto dheer, iyo waxa uu ahaa ma ahan oo keliya kala duwan ee dogmas iyo Buzadag, laakiin sidoo kale iska hor imaad u dhexeeya caadiga taliyayaashii (xitaa kaniisadda) ee ku saabsan dhulka dhawaan baabtiisay. Sidoo kale mucaaradka aad si xoog leh u saameeyay booska aan qummanaynu ee baadari iyo awowe of Constantinople, iyadoo ay sabab u qeybinta Boqortooyada Roomaanka, waxaa loo kala qaybiyey laba qaybood - East iyo West.

qaybta bari waa badan sii xornimada, sidaas Wadaad ah, inkastoo uu gacanta ku gooyo ahaa, laakiin waxay lahaayeen ilaalinta wajiga ee gobolka. West ayaa sidoo kale iska daayeen inay hore u jirin qarnigii V ee, Pope ka helay shahaado madaxbanaanida, laakiin sidoo kale fursad ay ku weeraraan dalalka qalaad ee ka soo baxay hore ee Western Roman Empire. Kaliya ee bartamihii qarnigii VIII ah, Pope la soo bandhigay dalka, taas oo si toos ah u bannaan cilmaani ka dhigaa.

Faafidda hadda galaya

Si aad u taariikhda, soo galaya - Waa laan ugu badan ee diinta kiristaanka, kaas oo ku fiday caalamka oo dhan. Waayo, sannaddii 2007 on dhulkeenna, waxaa jiray oo ku saabsan 1,147 bilyan oo Catholics. tirada ugu badan oo iyaga ka mid yihiin in Europe, halkaas oo dalal badan oo diinta this waa gobolka ama jirta in ka badan dadka kale (France, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Austria, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Poland, iyo kuwa kale.).

In Ameerika, Catholics meel walba. Sida raaca diinta this waxaa laga heli karaa qaarada Asian - ee Filibiin, East Timor, China, South Korea, Vietnam. In dalalka Muslim, sidoo kale dad badan oo Catholics, laakiin wax badan oo ku nool Lubnaan. Waxa kale oo ay caadi yihiin qaaradda Afrika (ka 110 175 million).

unit maamulka gudaha ee Kaniisadda

Haddaba waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la tixgeliyo waxa unugga maamul ee dhinaca Masiixiyadda. Pope of Roman Catholic Church - waa hay'adda ugu sarraysa ee madaxda, iyo sidoo kale awood u Subkista iyo wadaado ah. La soo doorto oo madax ka ah Church Catholic Roman ee conclave ee College of Cardinals. Sida caadiga ah, waxa xajisto awoodaha ay ilaa iyo dhamaadka ee uu noloshiisa, marka laga reebo aan sharciga is-diidmada. Waa in la ogaadaa in wax barayay Catholic Pope waxaa loo arkaa aqbalana ee Peter Rasuulka (markaasuu isna ka, in la siiyo Ciise baray in ay is ogow of kiniisaddii oo dhan), si ay awood iyo go'aamada waa isku hallayn karo oo waa run.

Dheeraad ah, in qaab dhismeedka kiniisadda ayaa jagooyinka soo socda:

• Bishop, wadaad, adeegto - degree wadaadnimada.
• Cardinal, Archbishop, primate, Metropolitan, iwm - digrii iyo jagooyinka wacdina (waxaa jira dad badan oo dheeraad ah).

unugyada Territorial ee soo galaya soo socda:

• kaniisadaha Individual yeedhay eparchies, ama diocesi. Bishop halkan guddoomiya.
• Sheeko Gaarka ah ee muhiimadda, loo yaqaan Archdiocese ah. Iyaga oo ay hogaaminayaan Archbishop.
• kaniisadaha kuwa aan haysan xaaladda Sheeko (sabab kasta ha), ugu yeedhay maamul rususha.
• Dhowr diocesi isku wada dheggan waxaa loo yaqaan Metropolitan. Xarunta waa Sheeko, hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu oo uu leeyahay darajo ee Metropolitan.
• Kaniisadaha - waa aasaaskii kiniisad walba. Waxaa loo sameeyay gudahood hal meel ah (tus, tuulo yar) ama ay sabab u tahay dhalashadiisa guud, kala duwanaanshaha afka.

Jira xafladaha kaniisadda

Waa in la ogaadaa in Church Catholic Roman waxa uu leeyahay Gudbey in hasaastooda, waqtiga adeegga (laakiin weli waxaa jira midnimada rumaysadka iyo anshaxa). Kuwa soo socda Umaad caansan:

• Latin;
• Lyon;
• Ambrosian;
• Mozarabic, iwm

Waxa ay kala duwan yihiin waxaa laga yaabaa in qaar ka mid ah arrimaha edbinta, afka, taas oo in ka akhriyi adeegga, iwm

amarada Monastic oo qayb ka ah kaniisadda

Sababo la xiriira fasiraadda ballaadhan oo ka mid ah Buzadag ka mid ah Roman Catholic Church ee Church iyo dogmas rabaani ah ayaa ku saabsan mid ka mid boqol iyo afartan amar diineed ee ay ka kooban. Taariikhda, waxay weli yihiin Qarniyadii fog. Waxaan ku qor wanaagsan ee loo yaqaan Order:

• Augustinians. Its taariikhda bilaabantaa ku dhawaadka qarnigii V la qorniinkii uu qoray qaynuunkii St. Augustine. formation of Direct Order ka dhacay badan ka dib.
• Benedictines. Waa si ay ugu horeeyay ee si rasmi ah u aasaasay monastic. Dhacdadani waxa ka dhacay bilowgii qarnigii VI ah.
• Hospitallers. Si Knightly, taas oo bilaabay 1080 ee a Benedictine wadaad Gérard. Order Diinta ee dastuurka ayaa u muuqday oo kaliya ee 1099.
• Dominicans. Si Mendicant, kuwaas oo la aasaasay Dominic de Guzman ee 1215. Ujeedada abuurkiisa - halganka ka dhanka waxbaristii xagjirka.
• Jesuits. Isbeddelkani waxa la aasaasay 1540 by Pope Paul III. Goolkiisii noqday dayri, dagaalka ka dhanka ah dhaqdhaqaaqa sii kordhaysa ee Protestant.
• Capuchins. Amarkan waxaa la aasaasay bishii Italy ee 1529. Ujeeddada hoose waa isku mid - halganka la toobad.
• Carthusians. keniisad hore ee Order ee la dhisay 1084, laakiin waxa uu ogolaaday kaliya ee 1176-m.
• Templars. amarada Military, laga yaabee ugu fiican ee loo yaqaan oo gudubyadaas mysticism. Muddo ka dib ka dib markii uu abuuray noqday more military badan monastic ah. Ujeedada asalka ahayd si ay u ilaaliyaan dad sodcaal ah iyo Nasaarada ka Muslimiinta Yeruusaalem.
• Teutons. Si military-monastic kale oo uu aasaasay saliibiyiinta Jarmal ee 1128.
• Franciscans The. Amarka ayaa waxaa la abuuray ee 1207-1209 sano, laakiin waxaa la ogolaaday oo kaliya in 1.223-m.

Waxa intaa dheer in amar in Church Catholic waa Uniates wax-u - Mu'miniinta ah xajiyey cibaadadooda dhaqanka, laakiin waxa ay qaateen iimaanka Catholic, iyo sidoo kale awoodda baadari. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah:

• Catholics Armenian;
• Redemptorists;
• Church Catholic Greek Belarus,
• Church Romanian Greek-Catholic,
• Church Catholic Orthodox Ruush,
• Yukreeniyaan ee Giriigga Church Catholic.

quduusiinta kaniisadda

Hoos waxaan eegi doonaa waxa ay tahay quduusiinta ugu caansan ee Church Catholic Roman ah:

• St. Ioann Bogoslov.
• Saint. Stefan Pervomuchenik.
• St. Karl Borromeo.
• St. Faustina Kowalska.
• St. Jerome.
• St. Grigoriy Veliky.
• St. Bernard.
• St. Augustine.

Si ka duwan Church Catholic ka Orthodox ah

Haddaba, oo ku saabsan waxa ay Orthodox Church Ruush iyo kaniisadda Roman Catholic kala duwan yihiin midba midka kale in version casriga ah:

• Waayo, midnimada Church Orthodox ee - waa rumaysadka iyo sacraments, iyo Catholics halkan waxaa lagu daraa infallibility ee Pope iyo lama taabtaan ah awoodda.
• Wixii Church Catholic Orthodox - waa kiniisad walba degaanka, kaas oo madax u ah hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu. Wixii Catholics, waxaa loo baahan yahay in ay la Church Catholic Roman ah isgaadhsiin.
• Ruuxa Quduuska ah Orthodox ka soo baxa xagga Aabbaha keliya maahee. Catholics - ka Aabbaha iyo Wiilka.
• In Asalraacnimadu furtaan suurto gal. Catholics waxaa ka mamnuuc ah.
• In Asalraacnimadu, jiro ma jiraan wax sida purgatory. waxaydin Tani naadiyey Catholics.
• Orthodox aqoonsan Banaysanina of Mary Virgin ah, laakiin waxa uu beeniyay iyada nadiifsan rimidda. Catholics leeyihiin uu aamino in Mary Virgin ka dhashay sida Ciise.
• Orthodox waxay leeyihiin dhaqan ah in asalkiisu ka soo jeedo ee Byzantium. In galaya, waxaa jira fara badan oo iyaga ka mid.

gunaanad

Inkasta oo kala duwan qaar ka mid ah, Church Catholic Roman weli waa gabadh walaashiis ah oo iimaanka waayo Orthodox ah. Isfahamdarrada ee la soo dhaafay la wadaago by Masiixiyiinta, iyaga jeestay galay cadaawayaashiinna qadhaadh, laakiin tani waa in aan maanta ku sii.