Commissariat - waa ... History of ururka. tilmaamaha commissariats

Commissariat - tani waa unugga ugu sarreeya gobolka maamulka. Wuxuu loogu tala galay in la qaybiyo maamulka qaybaha gaarka ah ee dhaqaalaha ee u dhexeeya Dadka Commissars (hadda wasiirka) iyo addoommo kale dadweynaha.

Taariikhda waxbarashada

Markii hore Commissariats la abuuray sanadkii 1917, ka Congress All-Ruush ee Soofiyeedku. Dhamaan ururada cusub ay qayb ka yihiin dowladda Soviet, kaas oo uu madax u Lenin wakhtigaas VI

In 1918, nidaamka commissariat Shacabka, halkaas oo sidoo kale waxaa la caddeeyo in a "Commissariat" waxaa ku xusan Dastuurka RSFSR ah, deciphering xuruufta shaqeynayaan ujeedada, iyo D. sidaas on. Markaasaa waxaa 18 commissariats in dhammaan laamaha of hawlaha gobolka.

Horeba 1922, inta lagu guda jiro formation of Midowga Soofiyeeti tiro ka mid ah isbedel lagu sameeyo nidaamka. Tirada xubnaha guddiga ayaa la dhimay ilaa toban, laakiin waxay qarisay oo dhan Midowga Soofiyeeti gebi ahaanba. Half iyaga ka mid ah ay ahaayeen oo dhan-Union, oo badhkoodii kalena - marka la isku daro. In 1923 waxa la soo saaray xeerarka ku saabsan Dadka Commissariat, halkaas dhibcood on amarka of dhexgalka ee Commissariats ee Jamhuuriyadaha Midowga ayaa ka diiwaan gashan. Commissariat, qeexidda ah taasoo lagu qiyaasayo buuxda gacanta ay warshadaha, haatan waxa uu awood ku soo saaray wareegtooyinka, amarrada iyo tilmaamaha.

In 1936, isbedel dheeraad ah ayaa saamaysay si dastuuri ah oo Commissariat Shacabka - Isbadal oo ka mid ah xubnaha guddiga United ee-Midowga Jamhuuriga. Sidaa daraadeed waxaa la aasaasay toban urur-Jamhuuriga oo dhan-ururka siddeed xubnaha guddiga. Horumarinta dhaqaalaha dalka ee tobanka sano ee soo socda, gelinaya commissariats dadka permutation kale. Oo 1946 sharci cusub oo bedelay magaca guddiga, hadda waa Commissariat Shacabka - Wasaaradda this.

Dhismaha guddiga

Commissariat The People ayaa ahaa awoodda ugu weyn ee maamul kasta dhinacyo shaqsi nolosha Soviet. At madaxa Commissariat ahaa commissar Dadka. All ee guddiga ee commissariats kala duwan la mideeyay ee intaa dheer in Golaha Commissars Dadka. Jamhuuriyadda urur kastaaba wuxuu lahaa commissariats iyo Golayaasha ee Commissars Dadka ay.

Commissariat kasta oo Dadka ka koobnaa qaybaha:

- maaraynta kiiska,

- tababarka shaqaalaha;

- on qayb ka mid ah sharci-dejinta;

- arrimaha maaliyadda;

- sirta macluumaadka xasaasiga ah;

- si toos ah hay'adaha waxbarashada,

- Guddiga on Arrimaha Sharciga.

Sida tirada shaqaalaha gaadhay 150-170 qof oo ku nool Commissariat kasta.

tilmaamaha

Amarkii ee 1917 loo aqoonsaday meelaha soo socda ee Commissariats shaqada:

- arrimaha gudaha (ama NKVD);

- beeraha;

- waxbarashada shaqada;

- arrimaha militariga iyo badda;

- waxbarashada;

- maaliyadda;

- xiriirka dal qalaad,

- xirfadda sharciga ah;

- cuntada,

- Mail iyo Daily Telegraph;

- ganacsiga tareenka.

In 1932 ay soo biiray by 3 Commissioner kale: culus, iftiinka, iyo warshadaha kaynta.

Mushaarkooda Commissars Dadka

Commissariat - waa qeyb ka mid ah nidaamka dowladda, sidaas darteed, kooxda maamulka mushaharka lahaa in ay sare by heerka casriga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wakhtigaas, wax ay ahaayeen oo kala duwan: in November 1917, Lenin saxiixday amar mushaharka ee shaqada ee Dadka Commissars iyo addoommo kale dadweynaha.

Sida laga soo xigtay amar this commissar kasta oo bil kasta helay 500 rubles. Haddii kooban of qoyskiisa waxay ahaayeen muwaadiniinta naafada ah (carruurta, waayeelka ama dadka naafada ah), ka dibna qof kasta oo kale oo ku saabsan commissar Dadka bixin dheeraad ah $ 100 bil walba sida. By dhan qiyaasaha, dakhliga commissar dadka ee qoyska wuxuu u dhigmaa dakhliga ee shaqaalaha caadiga ah.

Commissariat - qeexidda "awowayaashiis," hadda jirta iyo hawlaha wasaaradaha, qaabka iyo hawlgal ah oo la ilaashaa qarni iyo laftiisa isbedel keliya yar.