Erayada leh galaha -enok-, -onok-: tusaale u ah erayada iyo xeerarka

Sida laga soo xigtay barnaamijyada dugsiga tababarka, waqti marka carruurtu ku bartaan erayada leh qadarin ah -enok ah - 3 fasalka. Erayada leh galaha inta badan dhibaato dhinaca of formation iyo qoraalka ereyga.

dhibaatooyinkan ku xiran yihiin inta badan la hodonimada Afkan ah - kuwaas oo, at Meeyey of -e warqaddii siinayaa codka [o]. Tusaale ahaan, erayga "dawaco", ay ku jirto warqad ku -e- qadarin ah ee qoraal ah u ekaan kartaa sidan: [l`is`onok]. Sidaas darteed, markii warqaddii -e- dhawaaqaysa ka dib markii a [s`] shibanne jilicsan ayaa loo beddelaa codka [a].

Sidaa darteed waxaa muhiim ah in daraasad ah ee mawduuca in ay fiiro gaar gaar ah si ay formation of erayo cusub oo isticmaalaya dabagalayaal kuwaas, iyo sidoo kale doorashada -o- saxda ah iyo -e- in ay qoraal ahaan.

Waxa intaa dheer in xeerar cad maamulo doorashada ee magac qadarin ah in xaaladda koboca qaar ka mid ah, waxaa jira dhinacyo gaar ah oo go'aamin isticmaalka affix marka la eego macnaha, waxaa qabsadey hadalka asalka. Waa in fiiro gaar ah.

The qaababka cusub ee la sameeyey waxaa loo isticmaalaa iyadoo ku xiran xaaladda hadalka iyo macnaha semantic, kaas oo ka fadilnaa sameeyey by erayga.

Words la qadarin ah -onok / -enok: tusaalooyin

Tusaalooyinka erayada leh -onok-galaha:

• Galchonok;
• qaado;
• sychonok;
• rihii;
• qoriga,
• kurchonok;
• turchonok;
• bakaylaha,
• Dabagaale,
• bakayle;
• eeyaha yar;
• cuckoo;
• strizhonok;
• Tickbird Hatchling;
• cherepashonok;
• pauchonok;
• mouse;
• rachonok;
• ezhonok;
• morzhonok;
• iyada awow;
• barsuchonok;
• Cossack oo yaryar,
• geel;
• Malchonok;
• dyachonok;
• poult;
• dhal;
• Rook;
• adhijir,
• kitaychonok.

Tusaalooyinka erayada leh -enok-galaha:

• duckling;
• carabiyo;
• zverenok;
• owlet;
• Devil;
• imp;
• greasers;
• Qiyaasta ee goobta;
• dawaco,
• doofaarka,
• libaax;
• Gosling;
• orgiga;
• diiqu;
• zhuravlenok;
• eaglet;
• maroodiga,
• weyl,
• kuklenok;
• digaag,
• karin,
• orgiga;
• kangaroo;
• Aistenok;
• rat yar;
• deerada,
• imp;
• weyl,
• dhashiis.

isticmaalka

dabagalayaal Derivational -onok / -enok kiisaska intooda badan loo isticmaalaa in la abuuro rag ah a, taasoo muujinaysa magacyada xayawaanka yar yar.

affixes Kuwani qabtaan shaqo eray-formation iyo u adeega si ay ula a macnaha waxaa weeya gaar ah la abuuro erayo cusub.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, magacaabista ah magacyada xoolaha yar yar - ma ahan shaqada kaliya ee u qabata morpheme xogta. Erayada leh dabagalayaasha iyo -onok -enok waa sarifo, ama dayacaad qiimaha iyo dhibic si childishness, qoondeeyey fikradaha aan dadka waaweyn. Sidaas hor inta aanad isticmaalin erayga la socdo daba-galaha, waa muhiim ma aha oo kaliya in ay leedahay xeerar ay of qoraal, laakiin sidoo kale si loo ogaado macnaha guud ee xaaladda hadalka kuwaas oo waxaa la cunaya.

Tusaale ahaan.

hadalka asalka	Erayada leh -enok galaha - tusaalooyin erayga	Macnaha keli ah eray cusub
cat	carabiyo	dhal cat
dawaco	pup	dawaco dhal
bakaylaha	leveret	bakaylaha dhallinyarada
protein	Dabagaale	ilmaha Dabagaale
adhijir	adhijir	wakiilka ah xirfad "adhijir" ee carruurnimada
farmhand	batrachonok	wakiilka ah xirfad "Shaqaalahu" ee dayaca carruurnimada ama qiimaha
Chinese	kitaychonok	ilmaha qaba dhalasho oo ka mid ah "Chinese"
foosto	foosto	awoodda isagoo size yar ee la xiriirta fikradda asalka

Magacyada xayawaanka kale iyadoo la isticmaalayo qaabka erayga

xarfaha -onok / -enok Derivational loo isticmaali karaa waxbarashada Dhammaantiin ma wada magacyada xayawaanka yar yar. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa jira magacyada xayawaanka, tilmaamahaasi kuwaas oo isticmaala magacyo kala duwan ereyga qaabka.

Tusaale ahaan.

xoolaha	Name dhal
idaha	wan
faras	qayl
doofaarka	piglet
digaag	digaag
lo'da	kubka

Tusaale ahaan magacyada xoolaha si ay u sameeyaan kaas oo aan loo isticmaali karin dabagalayaal -onok / -enok

Waxaa jira magacyo xoolaha, si ay u muujiyaan in carruurtu aanay isticmaali kartaa magac qadarin ah habka of formation eray.

Tusaale ahaan:

geri - geri dhallinyarada, jeer - kubka Hippo.

Ma jiro xeerar cad isticmaalka ama jidhku ka mid ah dabagalayaal kuwaas Erayga gaar ah. Sababta ugu weyn ee waa taariikhiga ah. Sidaa darteed, erayadan waa in ay fududahay in la xasuusto in si looga hortago qaladaad sii derivation ah.

Rules of formation hadalkiisu -e-galaha (o) NOC

Si loo go'aamiyo oo hadalkiisu daba-galaha ama la socdo daba-galaha -enok -onok waa kiis gaar ah la qoro waa in la hanuuniyey by xeerarka soo socda.

Erayada leh galaha -onok- qoran:

In erayada, magacyada xayawaanka, aasaas u ah oo uu dhammaanayo lagu foodhyo, unstressed:

Dhali - medvezh'onok

Mouse - mysh'onok

SOS - ezh'onok

Rihii - lyagush'onok

Erayada leh galaha -enok qoran:

In erayada leh sal ah oo ku saabsan shibanne jilicsan (marka laga reebo [ch`]):

Erayada leh Enok-galaha: tusaale u ah erayada	shibanne jilicsan
shabeel dhal	tig [r`] Yenok
pup	Waa [s`] Yenok
imp	baa [s`] Yenok
kuklenok	Cook [l`] Yenok

Formation of erayada leh dabagalayaal -onok / -enok

Si aad u samayso eray kula galaha -enok lagama maarmaan ah in la kala saaro ka stem erayga iyo, hanuuniyey by xeerarka formation of erayo cusub ku lifaaqan, waxa uu qadarin ah loo baahan yahay. Sayidka, formation of nidaamka cusub ee foomamka, ereygaagu waa sida soo socota:

erayga saldhig + -e qadarin ah (n) + NOC (haddii loo baahdo)

hadalka asalka	salaysan derivational	Eraygii final	Xulashada xarfaha a
iyo guumaysta	gorayada	owlet	The salaysan hadalka final dhamaado jilicsan, foodhyo [in`] - qadarin ah -enok derivation.
elg	los	kubka	The salaysan hadalka final dhamaado jilicsan, foodhyo [s`] - qadarin ah -enok derivation.
mouse	mouse	mousy	asliga ah uu dhammaanayo lagu foodhyo [w] a - qadarin ah -onok derivation.
farmhand	farmhand	batrachonok	Stem dhamaado a xiin [h] - -onok qadarin ah derivational.

fiiro gaar ah in formation of erayo cusub, waa in la siiyo iskhilaafka shibanne hadalka bilowga ah iyo final.

Erayada leh -enok-galaha: tusaale u ah erayada leh shibanne wadnaha

Waa in la ogaadaa in mararka qaarkood formation of erayada leh, kuwaas oo affixes iskhilaafka ah shibanne at tollayn morpheme. Sayidka, beddelka:

1) velar / foodhyo: bakaylaha - bakayle, in Yeeyi Cunto - dhashiis.

2) D / f, d '/ f: Bear - Bear.

3) Dual shibanne adag / Labada nin jilicsan, dawaco - cat lis`enok - kot`enok.

geynta ee formation of erayo cusub la dabagalayaal -enok / -onok

Sidaa darteed, higaada saxda ah ee eray, waa in aad u hoggaansamaan isku xigxiga ee soo socda:

1) Dooro saleysan ereyga isha.

2) Go'aansado dhamaado salaysan (taagan a shibanne hortooda galaha):

• xareysatay on - waxaad u qortaa xarfaha -onok;
• on jilicsan, foodhyo ama [ch`] - ku qor -enok-galaha.

Isticmaalka dabagalayaal -onok / -enok si ay u sameeyaan erayada aan muujinaysa magacyada xayawaanka yar yar

Xaaladaha qaarkood, dabagalayaasha kuwaas waxaa loo isticmaalaa si ay u sameeyaan iyaga oo aan muujinaysa magaca xayawaanka yar yar erayada.

Xaaladaha noocaas ah, galaha ayaa tilmaamaya laga yaabaa in wakiil ka socda quruun gaar ah, ayaa ceegaagta bulshada, xirfadeed. raacsan.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo la isticmaalayo erayga la affix xaalad hadal gaar ah, xusuuso qaar ka daalina muhiimadda ku lifaaqan morpheme this.

Tusaale ahaan:

• adhijir - adhijir,
• nin - ilmaha;
• cuntokariyihii - kariyo;
• Roma - socoto;
• bahalka - zverenok;
• Chinese - kitaychonok.

Marka xulashada ama qoraal -o- -e- ee galaha nooca erayada loo isticmaalo by sharci isku.

Declination ee magac leh dabagalayaal -onok / -enok

La xirrira ka hadalka asalka isticmaalaya xiriir si aad salka affix, waxaan ka heli erayga la -enok ku daba-galaha iyo waxba-joojiyo, ama qaab eray la mid ah la -onok-galaha.

Tusaale ahaan:

• maroodiga - maroodiga □;
• Cat - carabiyo □;
• Jackdaw - Galchonok □;
• Shaqaalahu - batrachonok □.

Marka declination ah oo magac, la sameeyey iyadoo la isticmaalayo khasaaro dabagalayaal xogta dhacdaa shaqal "o".

Tusaale ahaan:

Dabagaale - Dabagaale, ezhonok - ezhonka, Ibliisku - Ibliiska yar.

Mararka qaarkood formation of magac dhacdaa iyo khasaaro of shaqal xididka, sidaas darteed waxaan ka heli erayga, kala duwan ee qaabdhismeedka dhawaaqa ee aasaaska hadalka asalka.

Tusaale ahaan:

• libaax ,: libaax;
• gorgor, laakiin: eaglet.

Jamaca ah oo magac leh dabagalayaal -enok / -onok

In formation of magac jamac, dheji jamac la bedelay -Ugu / -yat ah.

Tusaale ahaan:

• Libaaxa - dhal - Laakiin, dhal, dhal;
• bareejeeyo - bareejeeyo - laakiin: mamontyata, mammoths;
• SOS - ezhonok - Laakiin: ezhata, ezhat;
• bakaylaha - bakayle - Laakiin: bakaylaha, bakaylaha.

Marka erayada jamac declination ka dib markii -Ugu / -yat isticmaalay dhiganta afjaridda kiiska.

Tusaale ahaan:

dhacdo	qaab eray
NOMINATIVE	dhal, ezhata
Reform	dhal, ezhat
TIRINTA	dhal, ezhata
ACCUSATIVE	dhal, ezhat
abuuruhu	dhal, ezhata
MEELEEYAYAASHA	dhal, ezhata

Xeerkani wuxuu khuseeyaa oo keliya inay erayadayda midani magaca dhallinyarada, iyo sidoo kale erayadii malab agaric (likaha, malab) iyo ibta (boletus, subagga). On kale erayada la qadarin this, qaanuunkan ma khuseeyo.

Isbarbardhig:

foosto - qoriga - laakiin: kegs, casks.

dhacdo	qaab eray
NOMINATIVE	kegs
Reform	kegs
TIRINTA	kegs
ACCUSATIVE	kegs
abuuruhu	kegs
MEELEEYAYAASHA	kegs

Sidaas darteed, guud ahaan ay isticmaalaan dabagalayaal -onok / -enok badnayn. Dhibaatada kaliya laga yaabaa in erayada lagu xusuusto xeerarka eray-formation weydey.