Hypersonic "Subject 4202" iyo imtixaanka

"UJEEDDO of 4202" - calaamad u ah mashruuca cusub Ruush berrinkii military casriga hypersonic baabuurta duulimaadka (LA). Sida laga soo xigtay xarumaha caalamiga ah oo awood leh gorfaynta, ay guul fulinta takhalusi laga yaabaa in faa'iido ah oo duurka ku ah hubka istiraatiiji ah, taas oo Mareykanka ku talo si aad u hesho in ka badan Russia oo sabab u ah ciidamo ka mid ah nidaamka caalamiga ah difaaca gantaalaha.

Sida lagu tilmaamay inay by xawaaraha diyaaradda duulimaadka

LA in sifooyinka xawaaraha ay kala qaybsan yihiin subsonic, supersonic iyo hypersonic. Xaaladdan oo kale, xawaaraha carar inta badan ka muujiyeen sida tiro dimensionless, badan t. Yeero. Tirada Mach, u yeedhay ka dib jirka Austria Ernsta Maha iyo muujinaysaa warqad tirada M. Latin Mach waa dimensionless iyo fududeeyay waxaa lagu qeexi karaa sida saamiga xawaare diyaarad u xawaaraha codka hawada at sare ah la siiyey. Sidaa darteed, xawaaraha of diyaaradaha ee 1 M (ama M = 1) oo macnaheedu yahay in ku dhaqaaqdo la xawaaraha codka. Waa in la xusuustaa in height ee xawaaraha codka hoos, sidaas darteed qiimaha 1 M ee meelaha kala duwan u dhigma doonaa in qiimayaal kala duwan, ayaa muujiyay in km / h. Sidaas darteed, qiimaha xawaaraha dhulka u dhiganta M 1 1 224 km / h iyo at sare ah 11 km - 1.062 km / h.

xawaare diyaaradaha Supersonic laga yaabaa in aanay ka badnaan qiimaha 5 M (ama M = 5), iyo dhoobnayd hypersonic xawaare kaliya kor ku xusan 5 M. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay sidoo kale ku dhaqaaqaan karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo timi inta lagu jiro duulimaadka hawada xoog aerodynamic, iyo masaafada qorshaha, inta ka badan xawaare dogiperzvukovyh.

saldhig go'doomin Physical diyaaradaha hypersonic

Border M 5 dhexeeya diyaaradaha supersonic iyo hypersonic aan la doortay by fursad. Xaqiiqada ah in marka gaarey xawaaraha this si weyn u badala qof oo ka mid ah geedi socodka aerodynamic iyo firfircoon u kala horreeyaan dhow jirka diyaaradda iyo gudahood ay engine jet. Waa midda koowaade, lakabka xuduud hawada dal agagaarka diyaaradda, xawaare ka mid ah 5 M kor diiriyo dhowr kun oo darajo ee heerkulka (gaar ahaan qaybta aad kaliga ah diyaaradda), iyo bilaabaan in ay sii muuq galay udhigo taagoo (duco) gaaska ku jira hawada. guryaha Physico-kiimikada of this gaaska ionized si weyn u kala duwan yihiin kuwa hawada caadiga ah, waxay u egtahay inay galaan reaction kiimikada leh dusha sare ee diyaaradda, waxaa jira xooggan shucaaca iyo convection kala iibsiga kulaylka iyo Wabiyadan socota agagaarka socodka u dhexeeya. Sidaa darteed, gaashaanka kulaylka LA waa in aysan jirin wax ka xun Maraykanka "Space Shuttle" ama Soviet "Buraan" ah.

Intaa waxaa dheer, diyaaradaha hypersonic engine jet baahan design aad u gaarka ah aan u eg mid ka mid ah noocyada loo yaqaan. Xaqiiqada ah in in matoorada diyaaradaha qaarkood supersonic xawaare diyaaradaha socodka hawada qaadashada ka jawiga inta lagu guda jiro formation of isku dar ah hawada-shidaalka la rogrogo hoos u subsonic (haddii kale wax aan macquul aheyn in la qabto hawada inay soo galaan qadarka la doonayo of shidaalka). Diyaaradda hypersonic waa yaraynta heerka socodka hawada aan la aqbali karin - sabab u ah sharciga diinta tamarta kulayl sababta oo ka mid ah xubno ka design engine, taas oo aan la qabsan karo wax kasta oo wax loo yaqaan ah.

Features design

Engine diyaaradaha hypersonic (ee muuqashadii fudud) la mid ah in labada dublad qeexeen, mid ka mid ah oo u adeegta sida tubada hawada ah (qayb ka mid cidhiidhi ah waa nooc ka mid ah hawadda, weheliso Injector shidaalka iyo waxa kale oo qolkii sari a), iyo masaf labaad - biiyaha ah ee bixitaanka of gaasas la gubo, abuuraya jamasho. engine Tani waxaa lagu qori karaa oo kaliya hoos ku sooctey ee diyaaradda, taas oo sanam qaar ka mid ah baabuurta hypersonic.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, motor noocan oo kale ah uma shaqeyn karto xawaare ka yar 5-6 M, sida durdur ku tilmaantay Tifaftirayaasha BBC waxaa si fudud ilaa diiriyo heerkulka lagama maarmaanka u ah complete sari. Sidaa darteed, habka ugu macquul ah si ay u kala diraan diyaarad hypersonic in xawaaraha la doonayo ee bilowga engine ah (ugu yaraan marxalad xaadirka ah) waa in la isticmaalo gantaal xawaaraha-separable sida marxalada koowaad, mararka qaarkood isku dhafan oo diyaarad xawaaraha ah. In sawirka hoose diyaaradaha hypersonic American X-52 muujiyeen, go'an hoos garabka qarxiyay istiraatiiji ah B-52.

State of diyaaradaha hypersonic farshaxanka ee Maraykanka

Maraykanka ayaa muddo dheer bilaabay si loo horumariyo noocyada kala duwan cusub ee hub weerar. First of dhan, taas diyaaradaha hypersonic. Sidaas daraaddeed, oo qayb ka ah DARPA Falcon Project Mashruuca horumariyo dayuurad yar gantaal loo qoondeeyey HTV-2, iyo sidoo kale mashaariic baabuurta hypersonic shirkad Boeing (X-43, X-51) qalabaysnayn la matoorada ramjet sida mid ka mid ah sawirka kor ku xusan. Waxay awood u waday madaxyada oo miisaankeedu yahay ilaa 450 kg, kaas oo noqon kara labadaba madaxyada nukliyeerka oo qarax bambooyinka mugga xoog iskaga darsamaan burburin kara ilaaliyo cadowga KP.

Boeing X-51 mashruuc noqon doonaa awood u xawaare ilaa 6400 km / h. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee cutubkan kor hawada ee May 2010. Waxaa jiray laba bilowga guulaysan, ku dhamaaday burburinta dayuurad yar ah. Markii la kala fujiyey ka qalab side diyaaradda dedejisaa oo dheeraad ah, ka dhigay oo ku saleysan gantaalo military iyo mid xeeladeed. Kaliya dul gaarey xawaaraha 5400 km / h wareegay motor diidan ee diyaaradda, taas oo dedejisaa in xawaare dalxiisayaal.

Waxa aan laga badiyay horumar hypersonic Soviet

Dabcan, Russia lahaa inay ka soo weeciyaan off hanjabaad this. Maanta horumarinta Soviet ku haboon keenay maanka. In the 80s ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay waxaan lahaa horumar sare ee aagga this iyo xitaa wax soo saarka dhammeeyayna - mashruuca diyaarad gantaal X-90 ah "Gala". Sida laga soo xigtay khubaro, ee-X 90 si guul ah ayaa la bilaabay ka diyaarad gaar ah loo habeeyey, taas aawadeed, oo la dedejiyey in 5400 km / h, taas oo ah soohdinta hypersonic. Laakiin markaas yimid "Libaraalka barakaysan 90", iyo mashruuca la joojiyay.

jawaab Russia ee "Washington"

Recently, Britain xarunta cilmi-baarista ciidamada Janes Information Group caanka daabacay warbixin in bishii February ee sanadkii hore ee Russia goobta "Dombarovsky" (gobolka Orenburg.) Qabto baaritaano duulimaadka diyaarad a hypersonic hoos astaanta U-71 (Yu-71). shayga 4202, taas oo, sida laga soo xigtay xarunta isla, waa calaamad u ah guud oo dhan horumarinta hypersonic Ruush waa qayb ka mid ah barnaamijka gantaal our.

Laakiinse waxaa isaga ka amar rasmi ah in industry ma aha Waaxda dagaalkii, iyo Federaalka Space Agency, taas oo ku hoos jira xaalad hadda ma aha in ka badan "cover" oo shaqo this. Head OCD isla jilaa on "UJEEDDO 4202" waa "NPÖ Engineering" ka Moscow Reutova (oo horay gantaal naqshadeeye KB guud Vladimir Chelomeya, kaas oo ahaa gantaalaha ka sameeysa ugu weyn oo kala duwan oo dhexdhexaad ah gantaalaha ballistic ee USSR).

By habka, goobta shirkadda this ku jira macluumaad in dabayaaqadii 50-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay in KB la abuuray LA MP-1, awoodo in ay wadaan in jawiga iyadoo la kaashanayo of meelaha ay gacanta ku aerodynamic la xawaare hypersonic. Daah Successful waxay ahayd fuliyay 1961! Sidaas theme ee "walax 4202" ay leedahay taariikh dheer.

Rajada laga qabo Ruushka "hypersonic"

Laga soo bilaabo tiro ka mid ah ilaha waxaa la ogsoon yahay in tan iyo bilowgii 2000 ka, Russia ayaa bilaabay shaqo on a "hypersonic military" oo doonaya in U-71 si ay u dejiyaan sheyga in gantaalaha ballistic filayo "Sarmat". The Ruush wax cusub supersonic 4202 dardar kartaa in xawaare ka mid ah 11,000 km / h iyo qaadi karaan warhead caadiga ah ama nuclear. Marka hay'adaha AZANIYA, waxaa laga yaabaa in sida a velocities weyn, halka jawiga at Joogga ah ee 40 ilaa 50 km. Sidaa darteed, waxa aan dhexda uga dhici karaan by kasta oo difaaca gantaallaha ugu dambeeyay.

Inkasta oo madaxyada casriga ah ee Intercontinental gantaalaha ballistic oo gaadhi xawaare hypersonic horyaalka, laakiin dhabbihii ee xisaabinta dhalidda, iyo halkan waxaa macquul ah goobaha gantaal dhexda difaaca. Shayga waa isku U-71 (shayga 4202) waa awood, in la barbardhigo, dhaqdhaqaaq adag Jid ah aan la saadaalin karin, la beddelo Dabcan iyo height si ay u suurta galayn inay dhexda waa.

Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaa jira sabab u maleeyaan in shayga ugu horeeya imtixaanka 4202 2004 maray. Waxay ahayd markaa madax ku-xigeenka Shaqaalaha Guud ee Ciidamada Qalabka Sida Ruush Yuri Baluyevsky sheegay shir jaraa'id oo ku saabsan baaritaanka diyaaradaha hypersonic a, u Xeelaysanayn on the course iyo sare.

"UJEEDDO of 4202": xeebaha America ee hypersonic ah

Saxaafada Maraykanka ayaa ka jawaabay in imtixaanka Ruush ah oo dayuurad yar ee hypersonic. wargeysyada badan ayaa si cad u hadlay oo ku saabsan xaqiiqada ah in istaraatijiyad Maraykanka ee degdeg Strike Global hadda leedahay tartanto halis ah. Haddii mashruuca "Property 4202" hawlgal si guul dhamaystiri doono 10 sano Russia heli doonaa "card buunka" halis ah inay wadahadalo kula jirto Maraykanka. Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay in ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen diyaaradaha hypersonic xaqiiqsan doontaa in la garaaco bartilmaameed kasta oo dalka Mareykanka ah hal gantaal. Tusaale ahaan, "ayuu SARMAT" isku mid ah, taas oo lagu rakibi doonaa diyaaradaha, loogu talagalay by "UJEEDDO 4202". Hypersound in xawaaraha diyaarad u Xeelaysanayn awoodaha lagu daray nooc cusub oo ah diyaaradaha - kuwani waa tayada this hub cusub, taas oo ka dhigi laga yaabaa in qashinka aan waxba tarayn oo waaaweyn khayraadka Mareykanka dhiso nidaamka difaaca gantaalaha.