Leonid Kravchuk: Biography, sawiro iyo xaqiiqooyinka xiiso leh nolosha

Kravchuk Leonid Makarovich (u dhashay January 10, 1934) waa siyaasi Yukreeniyaan iyo Madaxweynaha ugu horeeya ee Ukraine, kaas oo uu ku jiray xoog tan iyo December 5, 1991 ilaa uu iska casilay July 19, 1994 waxa uu sidoo kale ahaa Guddoomiyaha Rada Verkhovna ah iyo ku xigeenkiisa dadka ee Ukraine, soo doorteen bulshada xisbiga -demokraticheskoy of Ukraine (midoobeen).

Masiirka of Western Ukraine - Leonid hooyo Kravchuk - dhexe ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay

Halkaas oo uu mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed, Leonid Kravchuk bilowday? Biography bilaabay ay tuulada Large Zhitin ee gobolka Rivne galay qoyska soo ridayeen a. Markaasaa waxaa u ahaa dalalkii Polish. In tobankii sano ee soo socota in dalalkoodii hooyo Leni saddex awoodda qabow ayaa la bedelay. First, bishii September 1939 ay sabab u tahay xilli u xoreynta Army Cas ee galbeedka Ukraine, waxaa lagu lingaxay inay sii buurayn ee Yukreeniyaan ah. Markaas, in July 1941 dalka muddo saddex sano ah lagu qabtay Nazi Germany. Ugu dambeyntii, dayrta 1944, isaga halkan ayaa dib u ahayd xoog Soviet. Laakiin waxaa ka shaqeeya oo keliya inta lagu jiro maalinta iyo habeenkii tuulooyinka Yukreeniyaan Western ka hooseeyeen dowladda Waddaniga. Markaasaa waxaa taas wada tageen oo muddo dhowr sano ah.

Bal qiyaas sida oo dhan dhibaatooyin ka mid ah ayaa ka muuqda qof ka mid ah dadka deegaanka, gaar ahaan jiilka ka yar? Si ay u noolaadaan xaaladaha sida, waxaan lahaa in ay bartaan si ay u qariyaan fikirradooda, in aad ka fikirto hal shay oo kale oo odhan, ninna, in ay aaminsan yihiin waxba ku kalsoon tahay. Oo sidaas daraaddeed waxay la aasaasay fac dhan oo post-dagaal dhalinyarada Yukreeniyaan Western, oo uu ku lahaa, iyo Leonid Kravchuk.

carruurnimada

Dhacdooyinka dagaalka maratay saameeyeen qaddar ee qoyska geesi iyo qudhiisa. Aabbaha Lenny Makar Kravchuk, sarkaalka awr ku heyso inay hore ee Army Polish iyo shaqaaluhu Polish ee degay, oo waxaa la qoray galay Army Cas ee 1944 iyo, waqti gaaban in la sameeyo qaar ka mid ah dagaal ee isla sanadkaas, waa inuu madaxiisa la dhigay Belarus.

Hooyada yimid dib u guursan oo si wadajir ah ula uu adeer ahaa awoodaan si ay u koraan Leonid. Waxay ku noolaa saboolnimada, ayuu Leonid Kravchuk xusuusannaa in socodka caga ilaa baraf ugu horeysay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, laalista waxaa hagaajiyey keliya by dabiiciga ah ee madaxweynaha mustaqbalka.

sano oo waxbarasho

dugsiga sare ka dib, Leonid Kravchuk, dhaqaaqay magaalada iyo aado Rivne Cooperative College. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, si wadajir ah ula ardayda, ayuu kiro qol leh waxyaabaha lahayn. Markaas sanadkii 1953, ka dib ka qalin jaamacad sharaf, waxa uu xaq u leeyahay in ay soo galaan iyaga oo aan baaritaan ku Kiev State University ee Kulliyadda Dhaqaalaha.

Study inaanan halkaas joogin si sahlan, deeqda ahayd 24 rubles (in kastoo iyo qado maqaayadda ardayga ku kacaysaa 50 senti!). In si ay u badbaadaan, habeenkii ardayda u soo baxeen inay dajinaya gawaarida la kalluunka la qaboojiyey ee warshad processing kalluunka yaalla meel u dhow. Madaxweynaha mustaqbalka, Leonid Kravchuk, ku noolaa qol for 12 qof ah, laakiin u suurtagashay in ay ka "fiican" bartaan oo ay helaan doon gunno dheeraad ah - 30 rubles horeba.

Kaliya kulan ee Meyeydaan

Jaamacadda Leonid kulmay naagtiisa mustaqbalka. sumchanka Beautiful caato Tonya Tinsel isla markiiba qalbigiisa Polonium. Waxay badan ee caadiga ah, labada koray awowayaashiin oo aan, ka college qalin sharaf iyo soo galay jaamacadda oo aan baaritaan. Tonya oo iyaguna Leonid, ka koorsada ugu horeysay bilaabay qaadashada daryeelka isaga, jikada ardayga wuxuu karsaday laba, iyo Leonid isku dayay si aad u hesho caarurta ah, meel kasta oo suurtagal ah, si ay u buuxiyaan ilaa ay miisaaniyadda.

dalka ayaa bilaabay isbedel weyn, oo iyana waxay qabtay in durdur ardayda Kiev. Marka bilaabay horumarinta dalalka bikrad, ka Leonid iyo Tonya ka dib markii koorsada saddexaad u tageen inay oblast Kostanai of Kazakhstan, halkaas oo uu ka shaqeeyay sidii darawalka cagaf ah, faqri habeenkii teendho qabow ilaa dayrta goor dambe. Halkan Leonid qabow, sidaas darteed ay adag tahay in uu badiyay miyir iyo ku dhawaad dhintay. Tonya Korinay isaga, kuwaas oo laga helay gaariga oo qaaday ugu cadcad ee isbitaalka, halkaas oo uu ka soo kabsaday. Ka dib markii ka soo wada dalka bikrad laabtay Leonid iyo Tonya ahaayeen guursan. iyaga Guurka kordhiyay wakhtiga la joogo.

shaqo ugu horeysay

In 1958, Kravchuk Leonid Makarovich ka qalin KSU oo waxaa lagu qaybiyey Chernivtsi, halkaas oo uu ka akhriyey siyaasadda dhaqaalaha ee jaamacadda dhaqaale.

Poor xaaladaha nololeed oo ay raaciyey Leonid sida nasiib xumo. Waxaan ku riday hostel dumarka, xaq u leedahay in ay "geeska cas". Waayo, kuwa yar yar iyo ma garanayo waxa ay tahay, sharax. Sidaas daraaddeed in hay'adaha Soviet loo yaqaan gaar ah (non-degan yahay) dhismaha, qurxiyey calaamadaha Soviet (isku dhaceen ka mid ah Lenin, banner ah (haddii ay ahayd), shahaadooyinka kala duwan, pennants iyo sifooyinka kale ee nololeed ee Soviet). Maxaa yeelay, gaar ahaan ordi doonaa waaskada haweenka ama musqusha, macalinka dhalinyarada ah subax iyo habeen walba inay ordi square magaalada ee kastaaba wuxuu lahaa musqulaha dadweynaha si aad u maydho, iska xiiraa, oo dabaal baahida dabiiciga ah. Fun? Just kaftan fiican. Laakiin Leonid adkaystay xadgudub this muddo saddex sano ah.

xisbiga mustaqbalkiisa

Ugu dambeyntii, 1960, a ah dhaqaaleyahan dhallinyarada siyaasadeed ogaaday in ururka xisbiga deegaanka iyo lagu wareejiyay Golaha Waxbarashada Siyaasadda taliye iyo macallin. Taasi waxaa xigay kala iibsiga si ay unit Guddiga Regional Chernivtsi ee xisbiga shuuciga ah. Halkan our geesi sameeyey xirfadiisa xisbiga muddo ka badan 7 sano, ilaa tiir kasta oo madax ka ah waaxda of dacaayad guddiga xisbiga ee gobolka.

Next Jidka caadiga ah ee Midowga Soofiyeeti shaqaalaha weyn xisbiga. First saddex sano oo waxbarashada graduate ee Academy of Sciences Bulshada oo hoos golaha dhexe CPSU, ka dibna siddeed iyo toban sannadood oo jiirtii si tartiib ah iyada oo madaxda sare ee golaha dhexe ee xisbiga shuuciga ah ilaa madaxa waaxda dacaayad Guddiga Dhexe, ka dibna madaxa waaxda fikirka. Kravchuk noqday xoghayaha golaha dhexe iyo bogagga saxaafadda Yukreeniyaan u yeedhay ilaalinta ee Ukraine ee USSR. peak ee xirfadiisa xisbigiisa - xubin ka ah ee kadago iyo post ee xoghayaha labaad ee xisbiga shuuciga ah ee Ukraine.

Sida Kravchuk noqday guddoomiyaha Rada Verkhovna ah

Ka dib markii fariistay 1989, saaxiibka Brezhnev Vladimir Shcherbytskyi Yukreeniyaan shuuciga Party madax hooyo ah Poltava Vladimir Iwashko kaasoo sameeyey xirfadiisa xisbiga ee gobolka Kharkiv ee. In 1990, Ukraine lagu qabtay doorashooyinka baarlamaanka. Iwashko loo doortay ku xigeenka a of Kiev. Tan iyo markii inta badan ku xigeenadiisa waxay ahaayeen Communists, waa arrin dabiici ah in Gudoomiyaha Baarlamaanka ee June 1990, waxay soo doortay madaxa xisbiga, ie, Iwashko. Ka dib markii in, in ruuxa waqtiga, waxay doorteen madaxa cusub ee xisbiga shuuciga ah ee S. Hurenko si madaxa baarlamaanka iyo ciidamada siyaasadeed taasoo keentay ma ahaa qof isku mid ah.

ku xigeenka A xisbiga shuuciga ah, ayaa loo doortay Kravchuk iyo Leonid Kravchuk. Uu Biography si fiican aan la buuxsameen kara dhacdooyin kale oo cajiib ah, haddii Iwashko bishaas ma geysan nacasnimo dilaa ah, ka ciyaaraan door muhim ah in uu nolosha iyo mustaqbalka of our geesi. Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay in waqtiga Madaxweynaha Mikhail USSR ee Gorbachev, oo isku dhafan, oo ah xoghayaha guud ee All-Midowga shuuciga xisbiga, iyagoo raadinaya hab ay uga takhalusi waajibaadka xisbiga ay, ee raba inay ka hor madaxda Western muuqan (kan uu si cad u cringed) gaar ah ee foomka of gobolka, oo aan communist hogaamiyaha. Sidaas daraaddeed ayuu u soo kacay iyadoo booska cusub ee xisbiga - xigeenka xoghayaha guud ee ugu horreeya - oo lagu casuumay Iwashko iyada waxaa la helo wax cad noqdo xoghayaha guud ee soo socda mawduuca xisbiga in la baabiiyo of lahelso ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ee. Iwashko si cad u ma "prointuichil", taas oo xanbaarsan yahay khatarta ballan sida, ayaa diiday in uu Guddoomiyaha Rada Verkhovna boostada iyo ka tagay Moscow.

Isaga oo talaabo keentay xigeen caro. Xoghayaha koowaad ee Hurenko Yukreeniyaan shuuciga xisbiga keenay post bannaanaatay ee xoghayaha labaad ee golaha dhexe ee xisbiga shuuciga ah ee Ukraine Kravchuk. Isaga oo tiradaasi si cad u ahayd tanaasul. Dhinaca mid, waxa uu ahaa shaqaale yar oo ku xigeenadiisa lagu kalsoonaan karo pro-communist maskax, ayaa dhanka kale - Ukraine wadaniga ah reer galbeedka, taas oo, sida ay ku xigeenadiisa of wadaninimo, ayaa damaanad ah oo ay xorriyadda ka qaadatay siyaasad Moscow ee. Dabcan on xornimada state of Ukraine, haddii mid ka mid ma aad ugaga hadlay.

July 23, 1990 Kravchuk noqday guddoomiyaha Soviet Sare ee sii buurayn ee Yukreeniyaan ah, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in madaxa magacaaban Jamhuuriyadda.

Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka - Madaxweynaha

Yaa hadda xusuustaa markii ugu adag tahay ka dib oo dhan Dhabahaan buu oo ka mid ah 25-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay? Markaas, iyadoo la gudbin of Gorbachev si firfircoon uga wada hadleen fikradda ah heshiis urur cusub oo u dhexeeya Jamhuuriyadda ah oo ka kooban Midowga Soofiyeeti. Taageerayaasha of habkan waxaa la sameeyaa oo Kravchuk sida soo horjeeda hoggaamiyaha nationalist V. Chornovil, hogaamiyaha dhaqdhaqaaqa "Dadka Movement", kaas oo si cad u yeedhay bixitaanka of Ukraine ka Midowga Soofiyeeti.

Xitaa ka dib markii qabashada xoogga dalka ka afgambi afgambi bishii August 1991-ka, ayuu sii waday in ay u yeedhaan waafaqsan hoos madaxda federaalka Dhexe. Sidaas darteed, shir of Verkhovna Rada ee 19 August Kravchuk ayaa yiri: "In Ukraine, xaalad degdeg ah aan la soo galay. Sidaa darteed, waxaan sii wadaan in ay gutaan waajibaadkooda si caadi ah ay si la mid ah. "

Oo kaliya on August 24, marka xubnaha Guddiga Gurmadka hore u ahaa oo xabsi ah markii Madaxweynaha Soviet Mikhail Gorbachev, hadlaya u-xigeen ee Golaha Sare, waxaa si cad u iyaga xumaynaysa, iyo Boris Yeltsin on podium saxda ah kulanka la mid ah, kala saxiixday amar uu ku mamnuucayo xisbiga shuuciga ah - oo kaliya hoggaanka Verkhovna Rada ah, madax ka Kravchuk cadaadis badan oo ku xigeenadiisa u soo baxeen inay ka dhigi hoolka in ay codeeyaan Baaqa on Xukunka state of Ukraine, kaas oo la aqbalay.

Soon Yukreeniyaan Dastuurka waxaa beddelay si ay u abuuraan post ee ay Madaxweynaha. Kravchuk la siiyey awoodaha madaxweynaha, iyo sidaas noqdo madaxa Haartz Qolyihii iyo de gobolka. Isla sanadkaas, December 5, 1991, codbixiyayaasha si rasmi ah u doortay Madaxweynaha Ukraine doorashada ugu horreysay ee madaxweynanimo taas oo uu ku adkaaday Vyacheslav Chornovil la dhigyo kaydka xiriirka saaxiibtinimo ee Russia, iyo sidoo kale ilaalinta ee hal farsamo dhaqaalaha qaranka bannaan ee post-Soviet.

Kravchuk madaxtooyada

dhigyo Nasiib midkoodna waa loo naadiyaa, doorashada ka hor, waxa uu ma dhammaan. Inkastoo Kravchuk oo saxiixday heshiis ku saabsan abuurka ah CIS, laakiin isagu wuxuu sameeyey wax kasta oo ay Rada Verkhovna ma ansixiyaan ay Statute. karbovanets - In January 1992, a lacag cusub Yukreeniyaan la soo bandhigay. Tanina waxa ay sababtay dabiiciga ah xiriir dhaqaale la-hawlgalayaasha ee shirkadaha Yukreeniyaan ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, si dalka uu daboolay duufaanka dhabta ah sicir-bararka ee sadexda sano ee soo socota. Haddii dhamaadka 1991, "SKB design qalabaynta" mushaar injineer hogaanka (Dnepropetrovsk) waxay ahayd abbaaraha 200 rubles Soviet, 1994 at post ee CMC "Yuzhvetroenergomash" sare ee takhasuska leh, waxa uu ahaa Karbovancev ku saabsan 2 million. Qiyaastii awood isku mid ah wax iibsiga, ie, .E. helitaanka lacagta dalka ayaa koray by ugu yaraan 10,000 oo jeer.

Enterprises ballaaran u xiran yihiin, jidadka magaalooyinka Yukreeniyaan ayaa galay bacadlaha cooshado halkaas oo qof ayaa isku dayaya in ay iska iibiso saboolnimo ah alaabtaada gaarka ah iyo alaabta guriga u soo jeestay. Laga soo bilaabo guriga suuqa iyo dib u muwaadiniinta si ay uga soo alaabta ee gaariyo taayir leh in dadka macneeyeen christened "kravchuchkami". Wadankaas ayaa waxa uu si degdeg ah giringiriyey yaamayska hoos u geli. Xaaladahan, aqoonyahanada dalka Ukraine ayaa u tegey inuu soo xaddido awoodda ee Madaxweynaha iyo Baarlamaanka, marayo awoodaha badan ee ra'iisul-wasaaraha, oo ay ku jiraan xaq u leeyihiin inay soo saaraan amarrada lahaa ciidanka sharciga. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha oo dhammuna-awood ahaa Leonid Kuchma. Dabcan, in u dhaxeeya isaga iyo Madaxweynaha isku dhaca, taas oo keentay in Ra'iisul ugu horeeyay ee iska casilay dabayaaqadii 1993, ka dibna, oo taageero ka aqoonyahanada dalka ee bariga Ukraine, ayaa ka mid ah doorashada madaxtinimada aan caadi ahayn oo uu ka adkaadeen Leonid Kravchuk sameeyey. Photo muddada uu madaxweynaha hoos ayaa lagu muujiyey.

sawirka siyaasadeed ee Leonid Kravchuk

Marka on show TV a dhawaan lagu dilay qoraa iyo weriye Kiev Oles Buzina Kravchuk weydiiyay sida uu, a ideologist hore ee sare ee xisbiga shuuciga ah, loo yaqaan for dagaalka ka dhanka ah waddaniyiinta Yukreeniyaan dhihi karaa maanta in uu yahay in ay isbahaysi siyaasadeed iyo xataa raacsane a. At in Leonid Makarovich, "sumnyashesya waxba kama jiraan" ayuu ku jawaabay: "Znaєte celi? Uu Dumka mіnyaє ma ABO xun, ABO dhintay. Waxaan ahay ma kuwa i ma samayn badan Kale ".

Sida laga soo xigtay macquulka ah ee Kravchuk, qof kasta oo aan ka laaban aaminsan yihiin, xitaa bixinta iyaga naftooda, waa nacasyo. uu muddo dheer oo dhan nolosha siyaasadeed ee uu had iyo goor u Xeelaysanayn, beddelo fikirka siyaasadeed. Dhamaadkii 2004, wadahadalo kula Yushchenko, wuxuu taageeray Yanukovych (taas oo uu, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, waxaa diiday horyaalka ee sharafeedka Doctor oo ka mid ah Academy Kiev-Mohyla), ka dibna 2009 doorashada noqday kalsooni ah Yulia Tymoshenko, isla horjeeda Yanukovych ah.

Tartiib tartiib, booskiisa ayaa noqonaya xaq badan oo ka xagjirka ah, dhaqaaqin u dhaw in ay aragtida bashaash Russophobia. Sidaas, markii ugu danbeysay ee uu si heer ah in Ukraine waa kala Donbass si looga hortago saamaynta ay waxyeello on quruunta Yukreeniyaan yimid. Tani waa habka ugu ahaa commissar hore ee siyaasadeed ee Yukreeniyaan shuuciga xisbiga, codkar ah oo ololaysa, kuwaas oo ka tribunes sare si ay internationalism proletarian iyo walaaltinimada dadyowga u yeedhay, oo haatan waa siyaasadda xorriyeysey ee faquuqid ku salaysan siyaasadda iyo qaran.

Kravchuk dabeecad dadkii ku

Marka la soo koobo, our geesi ma jecla dadka. Tani waxay khusaysaa in ay aqoonyahanada iyo dadka caadiga ah. Sida aqoonyahanada, waa tusaale aad u sheegistii of aragti this siiyey Vladimir Litvin, kuwaas oo dhawr sano ka hor, markii uu ahaa Guddoomiyaha Verkhovna Rada iyaga, mid ka mid ah khudbado uu ku saabsan television Kravchuk la yiraahdo "xiranayo dhillo siyaasadeed xirfadeed."

Astaanta Ukraine Mu'asasada 2004 Ayeeyo Paraska Koroljuk ugu horeysay si cad u scolded Kravchuk iyo xataa isku dayeen in ay xaqiijin ay dabeecad u tahay in tallaabada, oo uu haddana sidaas ayaa lagu qasbay inuu ciyaaraha ka fariisto iyada oo ka soo hoos ilaalinta caafimaadka. Waa qayb ka mid ah ee xiriirka ka mid ah dadka caadiga ah waa.

Laakiin Leonid Makarovich sii wadaan in ay noqon farxo ee warbaahinta, waa qayb ka mid lagama maarmaan ah in dad badan oo shows TV, uu sii wado inuu ku forums badan presidium dhigay ururada bulshada, in si kale loo dhigo fadhiisan - waa hortiisa in coterie siyaasadeed Yukreeniyaan.

Arrinta kale ee looga xariiqay dareenka uu qofka - kala ah, waa kan ah Kravchuk Leonid Makarovich qowmiyadeed? Magaciisa dhabta ah, sida laga soo xigtay ilo qaar ka mid ah, ma aha Kravchuk, iyo Blum, t. E. lagu eedeeyay Wuxuu Yuhuudi. Laakiin xogta kuwani waa mid aad u su'aal. magaca Real Leonid Kravchuk, u badan tahay, mid ka mid ah wixii uu la og yahay adduunka oo dhan.