Loukosterov - waa maxay? loukostery The kala duwan yihiin shirkadaha diyaaradaha kale?

"Loukosterov ... Waa maxay? - weydii safra laylis badan. - Sidee bay nagu caawin kartaa in diyaarinta wadada? Ma u qalantaa in aad isticmaasho adeegyada ay? "

Waxaan isku dayaan in ay la wada garto, maxaa yeelay, waxay ka dhigi shirkadaha duulimaadyada miisaaniyadda ka qayb ka mid ah ee dunida inuu heli kale ma ahan oo keliya, waayo, taajir ah, laakiin waxaa loo sameeyey rakaab ah celcelis ahaan, iyo wax mararka qaar xitaa hooseeyo barwaaqo.

Maxaa shirkadaha bixiya loukostery?

Waa dhib in qof kasta oo isku daya in uu diidi xaqiiqada ah in hawada ee wakhtigan casriga ah door weyn ka ciyaaraan. Markaasaa waxaa taas laga yaabee ma aha la yaab.

xawaaraha sare ee dhaqdhaqaaqa in meel bannaan oo maanta waxaa aad u badan ka mahad. Laakiin si siman muhiim u tahay kharashka macquulka ah ee tikidhada. Taasi waa sababta su'aasha ah "diyaaradaha kharashka yar - waa" xataa maanta waa ma dhacdo. jiritaanka shirkado kale waa ma aha oo kaliya ogaado, laakiin sidoo kale si firfircoon u isticmaalaan adeegyada ay.

waxay doonayaan in la kordhiyo tirada rakaabka isticmaala gaadiidka hawada, ayaa keentay in shirkadaha Maraykanka ee qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 20-horumarinta fikradda ah in dayuurada waxaa la samayn karaa kharash yar. Sidee? By baabi'inta adeegyada rakaabka oo dheeraad ah.

From US fikradda loukost ugu horeysay ee Europe ka dibna daalaeday meelaha kale ee dunida.

Asal ahaan, ereyga "loukostery-Airlines" la xidhiidha kharashka ururka, qaab-dhismeedka, hawlgalka oo ay ahaayeen odu waa yaryahay marka loo eego tartanka.

Maanta, qeexidda waxay khuseysaa noocyo kala duwan oo xambaarsan, bixiya xadadan oo ah adeegyada rakaabka. By habka, marka aad ka jawaabto su'aasha, "diyaaradaha qiime jaban ... waxa" - ma tixgeliyaan shirkadaha gobolka ka hawlgala on duulimaad gaaban la adeeg xadidan.

Muuqaaladan caan ku noocan ah gaadiidka

Si loo fahmo waxa ay tahay in model ganacsiga shirkadaha, kuwaas oo ah, aad u baahan tahay si aad u ogaato waxa uu sharxayaa ka mid ah oo kale marka laga reebo.

Tusaale ahaan, shirkadaha diyaaradaha qiime jaban "Aeroflot", sida mabda shirkad kasta oo kale oo adduunka ah, leedahay sifooyinka soo socda:

• Dhammaan kuraasta rakaabka ka tirsan fasalka la mid ah.
• Sida caadiga ah, shirkadaha diyaaradaha, kuwaas oo ay isticmaalaan hal nooc oo diyaaradaha si loo yareeyo kharashka looga baahan yahay qabsshada noocyada kala duwan ee qalabka iyo tababarka shaqaalaha.
• Isticmaalka ah tigidhada nidaamka lacag bixinta fududeeyay. Maanta waa loo isticmaalo e-tikidhada. Loukostery iyaga kor Internetka. Sidaas daraaddeed, ballansan diyaarad ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen World Wide Web noqon kartaa, in ay ama ku nool dhinac kasta oo dunida dacaladeeda.
• Ururka gaadiidka waxaa lagu fuliyaa si loo hubiyo dhiig-miirashada ee runways ogyahiin. Waa maxay sababta? Waxa ugu waa in lacagta madaarada kuwan hoose, sidaas waxa uu noqonayaa mid suurtogal ah in la yareeyo noocyada kala duwan ee kharashka.
• dhiig-miirashada Intensive of hab farsamo (waayo, mid diyaarad maalintii dhowr duulimaad in laba sano ka hor u muuqatay wax aan macquul aheyn).
• Xulasho waa laydin siiyaa inaad duulimaad toos ah.
• Range of adeegyada, sida caadiga ah, waa la dhimay.
• Ayna ka mid ah shaqaalaha shirkadaha diyaaradaha ee ay sabab u tahay fulinta by kasta oo ka mid dhowr hawlood.

Taariikhda soo bixitaanka iyo abuuritaanka diyaaradaha qiime jaban

kharashka gaadiidka ayaa had iyo jeer ahaa fikrad soo jiidasho leh. Go'aanka ayaa la sameeyey si loo kordhiyo tirada kuraasta ee diyaaradda. Sidayaasha isticmaalo diyaaradaha jir ah logo cusub.

Badasho of isticmaalka mashiinada baalal leh oo mararka qaarkood noqdaan si sare fudud dhulka la ficil ahaan hoos eber.

airline qiime jaban ugu horeysay ee US - Southwest Airlines. Waa in la ogaadaa in loukostery Europe ayaa bartay iyada ka.

Waxa uu ahaa asal ahaan ka mas'uul ah hawlaha dalka reer State of Texas. in waddamada kale ee u dhaqaaji shirkadda wakhtigaas ma abaabuli kartaa sababtoo ah mabnuucidda sharciyada hadda jira. Si loo kordhiyo ay caanka ah ee duulimaadyada, sida midiidinnadiisa duulimaadka seefqaad ah gabdhaha quruxsan. Yunifoom adkeeyay muuqashadii fiican, iyo tirada kaamil ah.

In Europe, shirkadda ugu horeeyay ee Ryanair ahaa qorshe noocan oo kale ah. qaadee The rakaabka, waxay bilowday inay qabtaan in 1985, laakiin sida dhabta ah loukosterov miisaaniyadda noqday hawl-1998. Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab ah in la baabiiyo of rabitaanadayda side hawada qaranka.

Waxa xiiso leh in la ogaado in ay diyaaradaha kharashka yar ee hadda ka shaqeeya dhammaan qaybaha caalamka ka Jacaylku mooyee. Tan iyo 2012, side hawada ee noocan ah ee ka jira xitaa Africa, iyo Filibiin ah muddo ku dhow 65% ka mid ah rakaab ah hawada u safraan waa Airlines oo qiimo-jaban.

Iyo haddii ay jiraan qaladaad ku jira noocan oo kale ah gaadiidka?

Maanta, miisaaniyadda shirkado badan in ay ku qasban yihiin inay kasta oo kale oo la tartami. Marka tan la eego, qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxay bilaabeen inay jiitaan rakaab ah iyadoo la siinayo xaalad fasalka-koowaad, TV satellite, dabcan, lacag dheeri ah.

Dalka UK, si firfircoon uga wada hadleen dhibaatada underestimation ku caan of airfare xayaysiinayaan - qiimaha ku dhawaaqay sida caadiga ah kuma jiraan cashuuro iyo qarashyo. All lacag dheeraad ah aan la soo celin haddii horyaalka waa la joojiyay sababo la xiriira qalad ah ee shirkadda. Waxaa dhaleeceeyay xaqiiqada ah in ku sidato bagaashkaaga ku xiran yahay rigoore culus ay dhacdo in shaaca ka qaaday xeerarka Kaalmada miisaanka xad-dhaaf ah. Waana mid ka, dhaqanka noocan oo kale ah iyo loukostery Asia.

Waa maxay sababta Russia diyaaradaha kharashka u yar

In Russia, sidoo kale, waxaa jiray isku dayo in uu abaabulo airline si fiican u-loukostery.

In 2006, Sky Express Corporation noqday hawl miisaaniyadda siyaasadda canshuur ah. Oo wakhtigaas, qiimaha ticket kasta waa 500 rubles.

Sannadkii 2009 shirkadda "Avianova" ogaado qiimaha tigidhka waa 250 rubles. Laakiin muddo dheer in lagu shaqeeyo xaalado sida wayna kari waayeen. Sababaha model non-ganacsiga miisaaniyadda jiifay ee xaqiiqda ah in ay suurto gal ahayd in la kordhiyo mugga gaadiidka si ay u gaaraan waxqabadka looga baahan yahay. Fleet in shirkadahaasi yaraa, sidaas darteed mar walba dhibaato xaga duulimaadka. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in kharashka dayactirka diyaarad bilaabay in ay kordhiyaan, shirkadda lahaa in ay joojiyaan si uu u jiro.

Waa in la ogaadaa dhinacyada farsamo. Dhibaatada A halis ah ee horumarka ah ee gaadiidka kharashka yar ee Russia waxa uu noqday nooc ka mid ah gacanta ku manual, halka noocan ah gaadiidka ku lug leedahay qalabaynta ah ee geedi socodka oo dhan si ay u bixiyaan set ugu yar ee adeegyada rakaabka. dayactirka Quick, rasiidka waqtigii qaybo loo baahan yahay, helitaanka dayactirka gaadiidka ee garoomada diyaaradaha fog, awood u leh inay si deg deg ah ugu adeegno diyaaradaha fulisay madaarka inta ugu yar ee wakhtiga - oo dhan in Russia waa dhibaato. Intaa waxaa dheer, madaxda Ruush aadan lahayn xirfad inuu sameeyo go'aano deg deg ah jawaab u shirkadaha soo jeedinta miisaaniyadda.

Waajibaadka on baabuurta shisheeye, kuwaas oo xukuumadda soo bandhigay ee dalka, sidoo kale, door, oo aan la oggolaanayn dayuuradaha kharashka yar si loo yareeyo kharashka heerka looga baahan yahay koritaanka caadiga ah.

Iyo kakanaanta sharciga Ruush caqabado hor leh abuuraya ee horumarka ah ee diyaaradaha, waxay bixisaa rakaab ah oo keliya adeegyada lagama maarmaanka ah iyo tigidhada raqiis ah. Tixgalinta dhammaan ee kor ku xusan, waxaa si cad u sababta qoraalka: "diyaaradaha qiime jaban? Waa maxay? tikidhada jaban? No, ma dhici! "- inta badan waxaa lagu wadaa in Russia, ee Europe isku mid, ama, waxaad tidhaahdaan, in Maraykanka noocan oo kale ah adeeg waa iska caadi ah

"Dobrolet" - a side casriga Ruush

Bishii Agoosto 2013 "Aeroflot" Board of Directors qaatay go'aanka ah in la horumariyo loukostera "Dobrolet". Its hoggaamiye ahaa Vladimir Gorbunov, oo madax ka ah "Avianova" hore.

Waxaa la qorsheeyey in shirkadda waxay samayn doonaan duulimaad ugu horeysay ee 8 diyaaradaha. By 2018, waxa la filayaa in ay ballaariso raxan ah 40.

Dhamaan adeegyo dheeraad ah - oo kaliya lacag. Hubi-in lagu qaban doonaa Internetka. kharashka lagu qiyaasay tikidhada - 40% ayuu ka hooseeyaa celceliska ah ee diyaaradaha classical Ruush.

network wadada ku lug leedahay in laga soo gudbo Moscow si St. Petersburg, Ekaterinburg, Kazan, Ufa, Perm, Kaliningrad, Samara, Tyumen, Krasnodar iyo xagga dambe ee magaalooyinkaas Moscow.

Wizz Air - dayuuradaha qiime jaban ugu weyn ee Ukraine, Poland, Hungary,

Hungarian-Polish shirkadda bixinta hawada, ka shaqeeya ee Ukraine tan iyo sannadkii 2008. Sannadkii 2013, waxay ku qaadeen duulimaad ka mid ah wadada kaliya ee qoyska - ". Kyiv-Simferopol"

Wizz Air ayaa isku dayaya in ay soo galaan suuqa Ruush, balse hanaanka waa dhib badan, sababtoo ah looga baahan yahay halkii ay adag, taas oo ka dhigaysa "Hay'adda Gaadiidka Cirka Federaalka." diyaaradaha kharash-Low "Aeroflot" - hubaashii waa mid ka mid ah oo keliya, si kastaba ha ahaatee, qoyska ah, shirkada in aysan awoodin in ay qabtaan waxaa muddo dheer.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Wizz Air ma ka tanaasulaan qorsheyneysa in ay kordhiso gaadiidka iyo ballaariyaan juqraafiga.

Finnair - diyaaradaha ee ugu weyn Finland

Waa in la ogaadaa in Finnair waxaa loo arkaa ugu nabad badan Yurub. Tan iyo 1963, oo degdeg ah ma aan la go'an. loukostery Ruush, iyo ururada badan oo kale oo noocan oo kale ah, waa in iyada wax ka bartaan.

Taariikhda Finnair dhacdo waxaa loola jeedaa 1924. Maanta waa shirkad deggan shaqeeya.

xaashidan Program, fasal gaar ah loogu talagalay carruurta, cuntaqda maaraynta - waxay dhammaantood gacan ka koritaanka ee dadka. Sida of 2012, mugga gaadiidka diyaaradaha lacag dhan ilaa 9 milyan oo qof.

Air Arabia - Carabta qiime jaban airline

shirkaddii ugu horreysay ee ay u fuliyaan gaadiidka on qiyaasta weyn ee Bariga Dhexe waa Air Arabia. Maanta, waxa uu siiyaa adeegyada gaadiidka ee 76 dal oo dunida ah. Xarunta waxa uu ku yaalaa 15 km bartamaha magaalada Dubai.

Sanadkii 2007, Air Arabia ayaa aasaasay saldhig kale, markan in caasimadda ah ee Nepal. Xaaladda adag tahay dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed ee gobolka ka qayb qaatay hawlgalka shirkadda ee lahaa in la meel-gaar ah ganaax.

In 2009, Masar Air Arabia ayaa abuuray shirkad cusub, kaas oo la moodayay in ay meel salka ku Alexandria. koritaanka rakaabka iyo gaadiidka xamuulka, ballaarinta kala duwan ee adeegyo dheeraad ah bixiyo, noocyo kala duwan oo nidaam madadaalada - waa dhab ahaan waxa ay noqon doontaa airline xaasidnimo-loukostery ee Russia.

Air Arabia si tartiib ah ka warqaba this dhan, gaadho xasiloonida shaqada.

Qantas Airways - diyaaradaha ee ugu weyn Australia

"Dayuurada Kangaroo" - naaneesta ah waa shirkadda Qantas Airways. Tani waa mid ka mid ah shirkadaha ugu da'da weyn kuwaas oo saamiyada laga iibsan karaa oo iibin on stock exchange ASX.

Sanadkii 2007, shirkadda qaaday kaalinta sadexaad ee dunida waxbarasho ee Skytrax. dakhliga saafiga ah ee sannad-maaliyadeedka 2005-2006 ee lacag dhan 350 bilyan oo dollar 45 million. gaadiidka International iyo qoyska waa mid aad loo jecel yahay.

By habka, Qantas Airways waa ugu ammaan ah oo adduunka ah, sababtoo ah diyaaradaha ay marnaba u hesho galay shil.

Kingfisher Red - side ugu horeysay ee miisaaniyadda ee India

Inta badan dalxiisayaasha safarka ognahay in shirkada Kingfisher Red ku salaysan yahay in Bangalore.

Waxaa ka shaqeeya wakhti dheer qaar ka mid ah, iyo horyaalka ugu horeysay ka Bangalore Habballi la soo saaray sanadkii 2003. Founder GR Gopinat doonayeen inay abuuraan shirkad wax quudiya Indian kasta fursad lagu sameeyo diyaarad.

Si aad u taariikhda, Red Kingfisher ayaa waxay si firfircoon tartankii la GoAir, Indigo, SpiceJet. Sidaas darteed of tartanka ka faa'iideysan rakaab ah, sida tigidhada hawada qiimaha yihiin dhaco.