Maxaa saliidda cayriin iibiya ee Russia? Production iyo sale oo saliid ah

Oil waa mid ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee dhoofinta alaabta ceeriin, kuwaas oo u ciyaara dhaqaalaha Ruush iyo caalamka door muhiim ah tobanka sano ee la soo dhaafay. Maxaa saliidda cayriin iibiya ee Russia?

macluumaadka taariikhiga ah

Xitaa wakhtiyadii hore dadka ogaa oo ku saabsan guryaha saliid. Waxaa la soo ururiyey dusha biyaha ama dusha dhulka. Laakiin waxa loo adeegsaday aan si ballaaran. Qarnigii 19aad, markii abuurtay laambad la shito ah, baahida loo qabo in wax this cayriin ayaa u kordhay. Waxay ahayd markaa in bilaabay si ay u horumariyaan hababka ceel qodista ee qaababka saliida iyo gaaska ee qolof dhulka ee. Ka dib markii furitaanka baahida korontada uu hoos u dhacay saliidda.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qarnigii 19aad, waxa uu naqshadeeyay mishiin lihi gudaha, taas oo u adeegi jireen sida wadadii uu horumarinta suuqa baabuurta. Markii hore, gadashada baabuurka awoodin oo kaliya dadka hodanka ah, laakiin markaas waxay noqdeen diyaar u ah dhammaan qaybaha kala duwan ee dadweynaha. Marka tan la eego, maratay kordhay baahida loo qabo wax soo saarka batroolka. Ilaa maantadan la joogo, oo saliid ah waa wax soo saarka qiimo dabiiciga ah, sida ay bixisaa suurtagalnimada dhaqdhaqaaqa aadanaha by dhulka, hawada ama biyaha.

wax soo saarka saliidda ee Russia

In Russia oo casri ah, waannu soo aragnay koror joogto ah ee wax soo saarka saliidda tan iyo 2000, laakiin in 5ta sano ee la soo dhaafay, heerka ayaa hoos u dhac xoogaa, iyo xitaa wax yar ka dhacay sanadkii 2008.

Tan iyo 2010, wax soo saarka saliidda ayaa ka gudbay heerka of 500 million tons sannadkii. Oo ilaa maantadan la joogo waxaa heysta kor bar this. Muddo laba sanno ah oo isku xigta, kuwaas oo 2009 iyo 2010, Russia kaalinta koowaad ee wax soo saarka saliidda dunida oo dhan. Laakiin mar hore sanadkii 2011 ugu horeysay ee warshadaha ayaa noqday Saudi Arabia.

Federation Ruush - mid ka mid ah ka qaybgalayaasha ugu weyn ee dhaqaalaha caalamiga ah. Saamiga wax soo saarka saliidda cayriin Ruush ee dunida waa in ka badan 12%. dhoofinta Oil waxaa lagu fuliyaa labadaba Europe iyo dalalka ka mid ah gobolka Asia-Pacific.

In dalka, wax soo saarka saliidda waxaa lagu fuliyaa by shirkadaha vertical dhafan. Total shaqeeya 9 ee shirkadaha waaweyn. Waxay fuliyaan fiirsato in ka badan 90% oo saliid ah oo dhan ee dalka. Dhexdhexaad iyo saliid yar saarayaasha dheeraad ah - waxaa jira ah oo ku saabsan 150. Shirkadda gobolka "Gazprom" fuliya wax soo saarka saliidda ah oo ku saabsan 2.5% dhammaan alaabta ceeriin, halka kaalinta ugu horeeysa waxaa la siiyey reer ganacsiga madax banaan arrintan.

Waa maxay macnaha isdhexgalka toosan? Haddii aan qiyaasi wareegga oo dhan wax soo saarka saliida iyo processing alaabta ceeriin ee foomka of silsilad, markaas ururka of links kuwaas oo la dhexgelin doono. xigxiga Geeddi-socodka waa sida soo socota:

• shidaal, qoditaanka, kaabayaasha horumarinta beerta,
• saaridda saliidda iyo gaadiidka ee alaabta ceeriin helay:
• wax soo saarka Batroolka iyo gaadiidka,
• iibinta alaabta batroolka (marketing).

technology Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa dhismeedka si ay u gaaraan tiro ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka badan tartanka:

• sahayda loogu balan qaadayo alaabta ceeriin iyo suuq-geynta ee alaabta batroolka;
• si weyn u yaraynaysaa halista la xiriirta isbedelada xaaladaha suuqa;
• wax soo saarka filaayo.

Enterprise "Rosneft" iyo "Lukoil" waa madaxda buuxda ee dalka, in wax soo saarka saliidda.

macluumaad guud oo ku saabsan saliidda cayriin

Guryaha oo saliid ah oo la soo bixiyay in goobaha cimilada kala duwan, aad u kala duwan. Marka la qeexo, saliid - dhismeedka dareere saliid viscous isagoo midab ah oo qoto dheer madow. Laakiin tani waxay had iyo jeer ma aha kiiska. midabka ah ee "dahabka madow" ayaa gradations badan - ka jaalaha ah-brown madow oo hufan.

The qaab-dhismeedka iyo heerkulka barafku sidoo kale variable. Waxaa jira noocyo kuwaas oo xoojiyaan in shuruudaha xagaaga band dhexe, halka qaar kalena ay sii dareere xataa marka heerkulku aad u yar yahay.

Ka dib markii saliid la soo saaro ceelka ka, waa in la geeyaa goobta howsha.

Sidaas waxa brand oo saliid ah iibiya Ruush iyo inta ay jirto kala duwan sida?

In dalka soo saarta iyo dhoofinta 7 fasalada oo saliid ah, halka dunida ka mid ah oo waxaa jira in ka badan 20. The kala duwan ugu weyn ee loo dhoofiyo waa Urals ah. Qiimaha brand kasta si gaar ah waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa dhimis ama caymiska ee la xiriirta fasalka sumadeeyaha. Inta badan for this yihiin ee Brent, WTI, Middle East Ceyriin.

Haddii aan ka hadlo oo ku saabsan dhaqdhaqaaqa of qiimaha for Brent, in ka badan 3 sano ee lasoo dhaafay waxaa si weyn u ka 120 ilaa 38 doolar halkii foosto dhacay. Si aad u taariikhda, oo ay qiimaha ku hayaa 40 doolar.

Urals

kala duwan waxa uu leeyahay saamiga ugu weyn ee dhoofinta saliidda Ruush - 55%.

saliid Urals u muuqday suuqa dunida ee '70s.

Tani cultivar la nijaasta baaruud sare. Urals sameeyay gaadiidka ee alaabta ceeriin dhex dhuunta, shirkadaha "Transneft" beeraha ka ku yaal Urals, gobolka Volga iyo Western Siberia.

dhoofinta saliidda Urals iyada oo siisa "Druzhba" dhuumaha in Europe. Sidoo kale laga dhoofiyey dekedaha Badda Baltiga (Ust-Luga iyo Primorsk) iyo Black badaha (Novorossiysk). juqraafiga ee dhalmo waa mid aad u xadidan, sidaas darteed, noocyo kala duwan oo this ahmiyadda a ma noqon karaan calaamad.

lacagta dhimis Urals waxaa ka go'an in 1% qof qaraabo ah in Brent.

Maxaa brand iibiya saliid Ruush, marka lagu daro Urals ah?

Rebco

Magaca fasalka ka kooban oo ka mid ah warqado ugu horeysay ee Russian dhoofinta Isdhexgaliyaan Saliid Ceyriin. Dhab ahaantii, waa isku mid u ah Urals, kaas oo u dhiibay via Primorsk ah. Oraah of qiimaha ay go'aamiyeen dhimis ah 1.3% marka loo eego Brent. Baayacmushtaray on Exchange Badeecadda ee New York. share dhoofinta ee mugga guud ee ku saabsan tahay 25%.

SiberianLight

Waa brand ah qalabka iftiinka.

Production waa in Khanty-Mansi Banaan Area ah.

Gaadiid by shirkadda dhuumaha "Transneft" halkaas oo la qaso Volga iyo saliid Ural, taasoo keentay in Urals ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, keliya jajab yar oo ka mid ah saliidda West Siberian waa baayacmushtari jireen sidii qori madax banaan. Inta badan ka shaqeeya iyada oo dekedda Tuapse.

saliidda cayriin Price Siberian Light waxaa lagu qeexaa by 0.5% dhimis qiimaha Brent ah.

Sokol

saliidda High Sakhalin la content baaruud hooseeyo. Sicirka saliidda cayriin ee Brent waa ka hooseeyaa Sokol. Qiimaha waxaa go'aan ka dheeri ah 7.5% duwan Dubai. Production waxaa lagu fuliyaa ee qaabka guud ee mashruuca oo baaxad weyn "Sakhalin-1". Laga dhoofiyey DeKastri oo ku taal gobolka Khabarovsk n..

Vityaz

Brand oo saliid ah soo saaray dalka Ruushka ayaa sidoo kale jasiiradda of Sakhalin, sida Sokol. Qiimaha sort this ku xidhan tahay in brand Dubai ka. Kacaysaa saliid Vityaz ka go'an in ay Dubai fasalka premium of 6%. Laga dhoofiyey n Prigorodnoe aagga Sakhalin..

Espo

Ruush ESPO Xirfado saliidda cayriin dhawaan.

kala duwan ayaa waxaa si la odhan jiray, maxaa yeelay, waxaa la qaadaa dhuunta ESPO isku magaca ( "Eastern Siberia - Badweynta Pacific" ama «East Siberia - Pacific Ocean»). Mashruuca ayaa ah dhismaha dhuumaha tani waa arrin ididiilo sida ay ku lug leedahay sahayda ee "dahabka madow" in Shiinaha iyo gobolka Asia-Pacific.

Tani brand oo saliid ah soo saaray ee Russia, waa isku dar ah ee alaabta ceeriin ka soo beeraha kala duwan oo hore u yihiin in hawlgalka. Its tayada waa fog ka xoogbadan oo dhan fasalka Urals yaqaan.

Qiimaha waxaa go'aan ka dheeri ah 3.5% in Dubai Ceyriin.

ARCO

kala duwan waxaa soo saaray ee Arctic ah garoonka "Prirazlomnoe" ah, oo ku yaalla Badda Pechora ah. Waa mid ka mid kaliya ee noociisa ah oo duurka ku dunida la olloga ah, halkaas oo horumarka waa la fuliyay in masaafo 60-ka kilomitir ah ee aagga xeebta on boosteejo ah oo taagan. Iyada oo shelf bixiyay saliid ka badan 70 milyan oo tan.

Sicirka saliidda cayriin ee Brent waa ka hooseeyaa ee ARCO.

On dhulka dalkeenna soo saarta noocyo dhowr ah oo saliid ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 7 kaliya baayacmushtari jireen inay cayriin Brent. Maxaa brand iibiya saliid Ruush on dhaafsiga ganacsiga caalamiga ah? The kala duwan ugu weyn waa Urals dhoofinta iyo Rebco. Qaybtooda in dhoofinta ka badan 2/3 ee mugga guud. kala duwan ayaa sidoo kale laga dhoofiyey Vityaz, ARCO, Sokol, Siberian Light iyo ESPO. The ugu waa kala duwan ESPO in ugu dhakhsaha badan noqon kartaa calaamad maxaa yeelay dhalmo ay ka samaysan yihiin gobolka Aasiya.