Neefsashada - tani waa hab nolosha

Neefsashada - waa geedi socod adag multistage jir muhiimad ka kooban yahay in ka nuugo ogsijiin ka deegaanka ay ka qayb ku xiga ee reactions redox.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa soo jireenka ah ma aha oo kaliya in xayawaanka sare, balse dhammaan noolaha laylinta, oo ay ku jiraan unicellular oo sidaas daraaddeed waxaan dhihi karaa in tani ay tahay habka ugu weyn ee soo saara xeryahooda-tamar sare. Waxa asaasay in tamarta habka neefsashada la wada baabbi'iyey baahida Tiro badan ee u shaqeeyo. About 20% ka mid ah oksijiinta ku baabba'saday maskaxda, maxaa yeelay, si ay u fuliyaan digir-xawaaraha sare ku qaatay wax badan oo muhashada. neefsashada qofka A dhacdaa laba weji oo waaweyn: neefsashada dibadda (habkan of exchange gaaska dhexeeya darbiyada Alfiyoli iyo qalintaanka pulmonary) iyo gudaha - gaadiidka dheeraad ah Ogsijiinta oo dhammaan unugyada iyo unugyada.

Neefsashada heerka gacanta

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka hore waa natiijada xubnaha iyo unugyada, laakiin Neefta ee gacanta - habka this at heerka kelli iyo qaaradda in ogsijiin waxaa looga baahan yahay silsilad gaadiidka electron la reebay la'aan taban ee O2 iyo biyo iyo foomka ah xeryahooda-tamar sare. Sidoo kale, waayo socodka joogtada ah ee reactions waxay u baahan borotiin gaar ah iyo deeq-proton. Neefsashada noolaha sare iyo geedi socodka Neefta oo jidhka ah, qiyaastay micrometer ah, ay si weyn uga duwan. Sayidka, bakteeriyada ku kala duwan yihiin 3 nooc oo xiriir in ogsijiin. aerobes adag oxygen kelli waxaa si toos ah helay: a isticmaalka oxygen la xiriira (carbon dioxide, xabagta baaruud iyo al.), kelli isla iyaga u dhinto. nooca Mixed ee neefsashada bakteeriyada facultative ku lug leedahay isticmaalka oxygen xidhxidhan iyo kelli labadaba ku xiran xaaladaha.

Farsamo ee Neefta aadanaha

Sayidka, Neefta dibadda - nidaam la qaadeen qaab-dhismeedka hawo iyo muruqyada oo ka mid ah thorax iyo diaphragm, by taas oo cadaadiska ku jira dhibcood sambabada, gaasas waa wada dhaqdhaqaaqay hoosta. Katimaada - habka dambe, taas oo hawada (inta badan carbon dioxide) dusha u fidiyaa. Caadi ahaan socodka marinka hawada gaaska waa laminar, i.e. isku midka ah in ay derbiyada hawomareenno iyo haddii ay dhacdo caqabado (obturation shayga qalaad, raasamaal ee xab) keeni eddies qasan. ogsiijinka dhiig ku dhacaa sambabada, oo korkoodana waxaa oxygenated wareejiyo iyada oo qubaan socday weelal waaweyn iyo ugu dambeyntii qalbiga ka soo galo. Oo halkaasaannu ka tagaa on quseyo iyo galaa wareegga systemic.

pathology

Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la kala saaro neefsashada iyo hawo. Second - taasi waa habka of yaraynta muruqyada intercostal oo sanduuqii ka qoto dheer in la beddelo ay size, socodka hawada ee dhuunta oo hawomareenno in Alfiyoli ah. Taa baddalkeeda, neefta - habkan aan ka yarayn waa firfircoon, laakiin waa sarrifka gaaska heer alveolar-gaddoonka ah. Sababaha hawo laga yaabaa in cudurada la lesions neef-mareenka, lahayo ku laabta, xirma ama xanibaad (emphysema, neefta, boronkiitada), scleroderma systemic. hawo pulmonary u ballaaran laga yaabaa in ay sabab u tahay xaaladaha bahal ah: cudurka, tallaabada pharmacological daroogada, xaalad overexcitation, ama dhibta jidhka sare.