Nidaamka Inta badan - guusha ee inta badan

Modern sharciga dastuuriga ah waxay bixisaa kala duwan ee dadweynaha, sida in ay gutaan oo xaq in uu magacaabo madaxda ee Gobolka. saamaynta waxaa loo yeedhay geedi socodka doorashooyinka, ayaa muujiyay in mid ka mid ah noocyada nidaamyada: aqlabiyadda, saami ama isku qasan.

nidaamka Inta maanta - waa model ugu doorbidayso doorashada wakiilada dawladaha, ka jira dalalka horumaray. At salkeeda loo sameeyay maydadka wakiil ee Kanada, Maraykanka, Australia, Japan iyo dalal kale oo badan. Waa maxay soo jiidashada iyo waxtarka noocan ah?

nidaamka doorashada Majoritarian - nuxurka iyo ekaysiinta.

Badida codadka - in sharcigaan waa weyn ee shaqaynaya nidaamka doorashada. Dhab ahaantii, nidaamka doorashada majoritarian dhigayaa in ay jiraan waa in la siiyo ay bixiyaan Dastuurka ama sharciga ku saabsan doorashooyinka tirada codadka musharax gaar ah ee magacaabista la aqbali doonaa by inta badan codbixiyayaasha.

Sheeg tirada codadka ma aha shil. Iyadoo ku xiran waxa on, waxaa jira saddex nooc oo ah noocan ah ee doorashada,

• Absolute Majority - sida uu sheegay musharaxa jagada loo arko waa la doortay haddii oo kaliya in kiiska halkaas oo uu raalli siin lahaa cod dadweynaha isagoo xaq u leedahay inaad doorato, oo lagu daray hal qof badh;
• Inta badan qaraabo - doorashada nidaamka waxa ay tilmaamaysaa jiritaanka aqlabiyad fudud codadka badan murashaxiinta kale;
• Inta badan aqoon - sharciga ee dalka si cad oo diyaariya marinka, guusha ee taasoo ku filan inuu ku guuleysto doorashada.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa xusid mudan in aysan jirin muuqashadii kaamil ah kala duwanaansho ah oo sharciga ku saabsan dalalka tiro badan. Sida caadiga ah, noocyo waxaa jawaabay marxaladaha kala duwan ee ama on doorashada heerarka kala duwan. nidaamka Majoritarian ogolaanaya falalka noocaas ah, gaar ahaan marka ay timaado maamulka sare. Tusaale ahaan A duwanyihiin ah "waxaaga" oo ka mid ah noocyada kowaad iyo labaad loo doortay madaxweynaha of France. Wareeggii koowaad waxa laga maarmaanka ah oo kaliya oo kaliya haddii musharax Balaadhisay tiro buuxda codadka. Haddii ay taasi ma dhici, ka dibna wareega labaad waxaa la qaban doonaa inta u dhaxaysa musharixiinta, qaadashada kaalinta koowaad iyo labaad, sida uu nidaamka inta badan qaraabo.

nidaamka Inta badan - saamayn maqlana on tayada. Faa'iidooyinka The si ammaan saarin karaa in ay dhiso dawlad xasiloon oo laba - saddex nidaamka xisbiga. Laakiin khasaare ugu adag laga yaabaa iska dhego-opinion qayb ka mid ah dadweynaha in codeeyay doorashada ee dibadda.

nidaamyada doorashada Majoritarian iyo saami - dhibcood ee kala.

Waa maxay habka aqlabiyadda, kor ka wada hadleen. Xad nidaamka doorashada saami waa in la ogaadaa in, in la barbardhigo kuwii hore ka, waxa ay ku salaysan yahay doorashada ee aan musharax gaar ah iyo xisbiga. Inta badan culimada sharci iyo cilmiga siyaasadda u muuqdaan in ay u maleynayaa in ay ahayd ka yar nidaamka saami doorashada si buuxda shaaca map doorashada ee gobolka. khilaaf weyn oo leh nidaam inta badan waa tirinta codadka buuxda oo go'an of qadarka saamiga wakiilnimo ee dowladda.

nidaamka Inta badan ma laha t N.. "Marinkii doorashada." Taas bedelkeeda waxa ay u, saami kiisaska intooda badan ayaa weli laftiisa qeexayaa. Laakiin taas waxa laga sameeyaa si looga hortago marinka in meydadka la soo doortay ee xisbiyada iyo murashaxiinta madax banaan, oo miisaankiisu nolosha siyaasadeed waa mid aad u yar yahay.

Inkastoo ay kala duwan ee geedi socodka ay, nidaamyada doorashada majoritarian iyo saami inta badan ku shaqeeyaan waqti isku mid ah, foomamka nooc ka mid ah nooc hoosaadka - nidaamka doorashada oo isku darsan. khaasatan Tani ayaa noqonaya mid aad u soo jiidasho leh in dalal ay territory waa hodan ku ah meelaha ay degan yihiin is haysta ee dad gaar ah.

Sidaas darteed, habka inta badan la soo bandhigay sida set oo ah habab doorashada, taas oo musharax Waa Inuu Ku Guuleystaa taageerada inta badan ee codbixiyayaasha. Nidaamkan waa qumman yahay doorashada oo keliya matalayay masuuliyiinta dawladda (tusaale ahaan, Madaxweynaha France, ama senators ee Mareykanka), laakiin waxa uu leeyahay tiro ka mid ah cillado muhiim ah doorashada maydadka wadareed (Baarlamaanka ama golaha degaanka).