Nidaamku wuxuu of dhulka hoostiisa mara ee London, taariikhda iyo xaalada hadda

Scheme London dhulka hoostiisa mara waxay ka kooban tahay saldhigyada 270, 11 khadadka, oo dhererkiisu wuxuu guud ee taas la siman yahay 402 kiilomitir. Maalin kasta, noocan ah gaadiidka ay isticmaalaan in ka badan saddex milyan oo dadka deegaanka iyo martida ee caasimada Ingiriiska. Logo London dhulka hoostiisa mara waa mid ka mid ah jilayaasha ugu waaweyn ee dhaqanka oo caan ah adduunka oo dhan ayaa la soo saaray iyo iibiyey shay oo dharka iyo accessories la logo shirkadda oo dhulka hoostiisa nidaamka.

History of abuurka iyo xaaladda ay ku sugan

maalinta furitaanka ee dhulka hoostiisa ee London on January 10, 1863 dhacay. line hore waxaa la odhan jiray "reyluey Metropolitan" xidhay saldhiga tareenka laba ugu weyn. In 1890, tareenka dhulka hoostiisa mara horeysay London bilaabaan hawlgalka koronto. Ilaa 1933, dhismaha iyo horumarinta ee khadadka ay bixiyaan shirkado gaar ah. Abuurista Waaxda Rakaabka Gaadiidka ayaa iyaga la midoobin nidaamka gobolka kaliya.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka waxay noqotay mid ah magan dhulka hoostiisa maarmaan ka qaraxii dadweynaha si nabad ah magaalada. November 18, 1987 deggan London waxaa laga xusuustay dillaacay lama filaan ah dab. Oo isla maalintaas, xubno ka ah ayaa galaaftey nolosha iyo soddon qof. In July 2005, dhowr saldhig u noqday bartilmaameed u ah weerarrada argagixisada. Sidaas darteed, afar qarax oo isku dubaridan oo saddex tareen dilay 56 qof isla markaana ay afar ismiidaamin ah.

Si aad u taariikhda, mashruuca ee dhulka hoostiisa mara ee London waa in booska afaraad ka mid ah ugu dheer dunida, ka danbeeya Seoul, Beijing iyo Shanghai. Dadka deggan magaalada yeedhay foomkan gaadiidka Tube The (SOMA. "Dhuumaha") ay sabab u tahay qaabka of sugnan ah.

Lines iyo saldhigga London dhulka hoostiisa mara

Sida hore u soo sheegnay, caasimadda dhulka hoostiisa British ka kooban yahay 11 khadadka, afar ka mid ah kuwaas oo gacmeed, kan kale - qoto dheer. Tixgeli mid kasta si gaar ah:

• "District" (muujinaysaa in jaantuska midab cagaar ah oo ka kooban 60 saldhigyada);
• "Met" (saldhigga guduud 34);
• "Circumferential" (huruud ah, 36 saldhigyada);
• "North" (madow, 50 saldhigyada);
• "Waterloo & City" (cyan, saldhigga 2);
• "Central" (casaan, 49 saldhigyada);
• "Beykerloo" (Brown, 25 saldhigyada);
• "Piccadilly" (buluug mugdi ah, 53 saldhigyada);
• "Victoria" (buluug, 16 saldhigyada);
• "Guuradii" (lacag, 27 saldhigyada);
• "Hammersmith & City" (Pink, 29 saldhigyada).

Sanadkii 2007, line Bariga ayaa la xidhay dib u dhiska. Afar sano ka dib markii la furay, waxa qayb ka mid ah gaadiidka kacsantahay noqday. Scheme London dhulka hoostiisa mara kale oo ku jira qaybo sida "London Overground" iyo "Docklands Light Railway".

xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

• Jidka dheer waa safar toos ah saldhigga "West Raislip" in "Epping" - 54.9 kiiloomitir iyo socdaa saacad iyo 28 daqiiqo.
• On dhulka ee "Stratford" waa escalator ugu gaaban (4 mitir), oo dheer waxaa iska leh saldhigga "Angel" (60 mitir).
• Idaacadda ayaa aad u qotada dheer waxaa la yiraahdaa "Hampstead", waxaa been at qoto dheer ah 59 mitir u jirta waddada.
• Ugu yaraan qoto dheer (5.2 mitir) oo ku yaalla saldhigga "Redbridge".
• "Waterloo" waa saldhiga ugu mashquulsan ee dhulka hoostiisa mara ee London. Sanadkan gudihiisa, gaadiidka rakaabka halkan waa 82 milyan oo qof.
• "District" line ayaa ugu badan ee saldhigyada (60), iyo yar - "Waterloo & City" (2).

design

Markii hore ee nidaamka London dhulka hoostiisa mara ayaa waxaa ay weheliso map ka mid ah magaalada, sida badashada ee noocan ah ee gaadiidka, adag aragtida muuqaalka ah ee rakaabka. Later, ee 1933 by Garri Bek loogu talagalay Buug macluumaadka, taas oo ku riday line ee asalka schematic, halkii ay juquraafi ahaan, iyo shaqsi kasta ayaa loo qoondeeyey midabka.

font yaab gaar ah, kaas oo ku qoran erayga dhulka hoostiisa ku saabsan asalka ah buluug, waxaa loogu talagalay by Edward Johnston ee 1916. Logo la oqoon ku xusan ee sano ee ugu horreeya ee jiritaankeeda ayaa loo yaqaan magacyo sida "bartilmaameed" iyo "isha dibi ee". Waa goobada cas, taas oo maraa xarunta of diillinta buluug. naqshadeeye ee calaamadaas weli la ogeyn. dhammaan hababka gaadiidka iman gacanta ugu Transport for London Ka dib, astaanta this bilaabay in lagu dabaqo saldhigga tagsi, basaska, tareenada, DLR iyo kuwa kale.

Maanta safarka on dhulka hoostiisa mara ee London, aad si fudud u barbardhigi karaa in ay Museum of Modern Art socday. meel Advertising hadda si firfircoon ka buuxsamay gabayada iyo farshaxanka farshaxankiisa, sidaas abuuraya niyadda a faraxsan ka mid ah rakaab ah. Tani waxay sidoo kale dalxiisayaal unspeakably faraxsan oo booqanaya magaalada, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in kharashka qiimaha qof qaangaar ah, taas oo ku xidhan xuduuddadhulka ee celcelis ahaan 3 rodol. tigidhada Carruurta ku kici qiimaha badh.