Plastids noqon kartaa kala duwan: nooc, qaab-dhismeedka, shaqada

Dad badan oo si xun ugu ogaan waxa plastids ee dugsiga. In koorsada of cilmi barasho dhir leeyahay in unugyada geedka, plastids waxaa laga yaabaa in ee qaabab kala duwan, tirada iyo qabtaan hawlaha kala duwan ee gacanta. Maqaalkani waxa uu ku xusuusinaya qaab dhismeedka ah plastids, foomam iyo hawlaha kuwa horay u qalin jebin dugsiga sare, iyo waxtar leh in cid kasta oo danaysa bayoolaji ahaan doonaa.

Qaab-dhismeedka

Sawirka hoose wuxuu muujinayaa qaab schematic of plastids ee gacanta. Marka laga qaabka, waxa ay leedahay xuub dibadda iyo gudaha, function ka ilaaliya, stroma - analoogga cytoplasm ensaymes Britain DNA ribosomal.

In chloroplasts waxaa jira qaabab gaar ah - grana. Grana thylakoids soo sameeyey - dhismeedka, la mid ah saxannada ah. Thylakoids ku lug ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee ATP iyo oksijiin.

In chloroplasts dhagaxyada ah istaarijka loo sameeyay iyadoo ay sabab u photosynthesis.

Leucoplasts ma midabka leh. Waxay sameeyaan thylakoids ma joogo, mana ka qeyb qaadan photosynthesis. Inta badan leucoplasts urursan ee stem iyo xididka geedka.

Chromoplasts ka kooban yihiin dhibco la egyahay - dhismayaasha ka kooban subaga loo baahan yahay si ay ugu deeqdo dhismeedka tamar dheeraad ah plastids.

Plastids noqon kartaa midabyo kala duwan, cabbirka iyo qaababka. tirada ay u dhexeysa 5-10 microns. Qaabka uu sida caadiga ah waa wareega ama ofaalka, laakiin waxaa laga yaabaa in wax kasta oo kale.

noocyada plastids

Plastids noqon kartaa midab (leucoplasts), cagaaran (chloroplasts), huruud ah ama orange (chromoplasts). Waxay ku siinaysaa chloroplasts geedka ka baxo cagaaran.

nooc kale oo plastids, chromoplasts, ayaa mas'uul ka ah midabka jaalaha ah, oo cas ama orange.

plastids Biyuhu qol shaqo ee kaydinta nafaqo. Leucoplasts waxaa ku jira dufan, istaarj, borotiinada iyo ensaymes. Marka dhirta waxay u baahan tahay tamar dheeraad ah kala monomers istaarijka - glucose.

Leucoplasts xaaladaha qaarkood (by iftiinka qoraxda ama by daray kiimikada) waxaa loo roggi karaa chloroplast ah, chloroplasts waxaa loo beddelaa chromoplasts, marka chlorophyll waa la wada baabbi'iyey iyo midabaynta pigments bilaabaan inay xukumid chromoplasts - carotene, anthocyanin ama xanthophyll. Isbadal Tani waa dareemi dayrta, marka caleemaha iyo midhaha badan midabka isbedelka ay sabab u tahay burburinta pigments chlorophyll iyo chromoplasts daliilka.

hawlaha

Sida kor ku xusan, plastids noqon kartaa kala duwan, oo ay u shaqeeyaan in gacanta geedka ku xiran tahay kala duwan ee.

Leucoplasts waxaa loo isticmaalaa ugu horayn loogu talagalay lagu kaydin jiray oo nafaqooyinka iyo taageero nolosha dhirta ay sabab u tahay awood u leh inay ku kaydiso iyo synthesize borotiinada, subaga, ensaymes.

Chloroplasts ciyaaraan door muhiim ah in geeddi-socodka ah ee photosynthesis. Iyada oo gargaar ah ee chlorophyll ee Midabka riba ee plastids ee carbon dioxide qaadataa meel iyo beddelidda ee u taagoo biyo in glucose iyo oxygen u taagoo.

Chromoplasts in midabada dhalaalaya mahad jiidan cayayaanka for pollination. Baro hawlaha plastids, kuwaas oo weli ka socda.