Qaarjisay kooxda Yan: farshaxanka. rinjiile Dutch Jan qaarjisay

Rinjiile Jan qaarjisay kooxda waa mid ka mid ah fanaaniinta caanka ah ee loo yaqaan Age ee Golden farshaxanka Dutch. Waxaa loo arkaa Masterka ee la soo dhaafay ee ku sifayn ee sawirka iyo rinjiyeynta ku sifayn. Magiciisu waa on par a la Frans Hals iyo Rembrandt. Tan iyo markii meesha uu ku dhashay iyo dhimasho waa magaalo u dhow Hague, in xeerkii Ruush ah tahay waxa la yidhaahdaa waa Yan ku qaarjisay kooxda Delft. In this article waxaan eegi doonaa nolosha iyo mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ee rinjiile.

Carruurnimada iyo qaangaarka

Taariikhda dhabta ah ee uu ku dhashay, garan mayno. Laakiinse waxaa isaga loo baabtiisay in maalinta ugu dambeysa ee October 1632 in mid ka mid ah kaniisadaha kaniisadda ee Delft ah. Lid ku ah oo dhan fikradaha qoysaska badan oo wakhtigaas, Jan qaarjisay kooxda aabihii lahaa, laakiin ina, gabadh. Waxay ahayd waqti of dhalashada walaal laba iyo toban sannadood. About saaxir hooyadiis Digna Baltes, waxaynu og nahay dhowaad waxba. Janson Reyneer dhaqaaqay Antwerp in Amsterdam ee 1611, oo waxaa lagu hawlan texeen Xariir. La Qabo, wuxuu u guuray Delft oo iibsaday ayay hudheelkii ka. Annagu garan mayno sababta, laakiin sabab qaar ka mid ah uu isaga magiciisa iyo magaca bedelay. Milkiilaha hoteelka "Mechelen" Hadda waxaa la odhan jiray Reiner van Vos. Waxa uu wax gool ah kama jare iyo ku biiray Guild of St. Luke - dukaan, kaas oo dhan oo midaysan ka shaqeeya farshaxanka. In this "union" sannaddii kow iyo labaatanaad ayaa nolosha ku biiray qaarjisay kooxda Yan, kuwaas oo farshaxankiisa ku dhawr sannadood dhaafaan gariirin dunida.

formation

Mid ka mid ah wax waa cad yahay: wiilka in wadadii aabbihiis ma tago oo bartay texeen Xariir. Yuu yahay kan qaatay casharo barbaro? Sababtoo ah si ay xubin ka mid ah Guild of Saint Luke noqon, waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd si ay u helaan horyaalka ee sayidkiisa. Markaasaa waxaa taas wada, markeeda, waxaa ka hormarey ugu yaraan lix sano oo waxbarasho iyo joogaan xaaladda tababartayaasha. Duubista in Yan ku qaarjisay kooxda Delft noqday xubin ka mid ah Guild ah, waa dhamaadkii bishii December 1653. Sidaasi darteed waxaan go'aansaday on xirfad iyo bilaabay barayay dhallinyaro ah sannaddii shan iyo tobnaad ee nolosha. Kuwaas oo ahaa macallinkiisa? dhaleecayn intooda badan isku raacsan yihiin in waxa laga yaabaa in midkood Leonart Bramer, ama Gerard Ter Borch. Waxa kale oo jira version a in aan helay caddayn dokumeenti ah in tallaabooyinka ugu horreeya ee fanka wanaagsan ee Jan qaarjisay kooxda ka caawiyay Carel Fabritius, arday hore ee Rembrandt. saamaynta shuruud on artist dhallinyarada lahaa Pieter de Hooch. Qaarjisay kooxda ka bedelay qaabkiisa rinjiyeynta ku sifayn in farshaxankiisa. Laakiin Hooch ma noqon karaan macallinka hanad dhallinyarada ahaa, maxaa yeelay, wuxuu ku noolaa Delft oo kaliya ee 1652.

nolosha Personal

Inkasta oo uu weli musharax u taagan jagada sayidkayga ah oo lacag la'aan ah ku Guild of Saint Luke, Jan qaarjisay kooxda guursaday. Dooqiisa ahaa Catharina Bolnes, gabadhii ganacsade guul, lahaanshaha warshad ah rasaas lebenkii dhow Delft. On habka ay u guurka ee sugaya caqabad ku caashaqi jiray, laakiinse ma aha kuwo gaar u ah wax. Xaqiiqada ah in Jan qaarjisay ahaa qoys Protestant, iyo aroosadda - ka Catholic ah. Gabadha hooyadeed, Maria Bolnes, markii ugu horraysay ka walacsan diiday in uu codsadaha on gacanta gabadheeda. Waxay qaadatay shafeeca ah Bramer, sidoo kale Catholic ah, wadnaha hooyada mustaqbalka sharciga u jilcincy. Arooskii ka dhacay April 20, 1653. Sida laga soo xigtay heshiiska, lamaanahan guurtay guriga aroosadda galay. Laakiin artist ah ayaa sii waday in ay taageeraan hooyadiis, kaasoo ku orday hoteelka. In Jan qaarjisay iyo Catharina Bolnes ku dhashay shan iyo toban carruur ah, laakiin kow iyo toban kaliya ka badbaaday iyo yaraantaadii. Artists waqtiga inta badan ka muujinayaa on naagihiisii canvases ama ku caashaqay. Waxaan leexan sii joogo ka habkani oo ku qaarjisay kooxda Yan aadan. arts mararka qaarkood lagu taswiiray Catarina. Tusaale ahaan, waxa aan arki karnaa iyada oo uur on shiraac "Haweeney la miisaanno."

koritaanka Career

qoyska artist ee ma waxay ahayd mid liidata. Markii hore quudiyo qoyska ballaaran ayaa ka caawiyay hoteelka "Mechelen", oo ku yaalla on square ah suuqa ugu weyn ee Delft. fanaaniinta Dutch inta badan ma aha in saboolnimada. Farshaxanka iyo waxyaabaha farshaxanka codsatay ahaayeen kuwo aad u badan baahida bulshada reer Holland. sayid tayo yar hadda isku uruurinayaan maxaabiisnimada ka weyn, barbaro on dhowr farshaxankiisa bil ah. Laakiin Jan qaarjisay kooxda waayeen inay ku degdegin. Waxa uu ku qoray laba farshaxankiisa sanadka gudihiisa. socodka oo noocan oo kale ah si xun u careysiisay hooyadiis sharciga, laakiin ma isxigaan. Waxay diyaar u ah inay bixiso farshaxankiisa lacag badan ahaayeen. The xiiseyneysay weyn ee sayidkii ahaayeen Hendrick van Buyten iyo Yacquub Dissius, dubi jiray iyo publisher of Delft. Xaqiiqada ah in rinjiyeynta ah saffarro Yana Vermeera mahadnaqayo, cadaynaysay xaqiiqda ah in artist la laba jeer loo doortay hormuudka ka mid ah Guild of Saint Luke (ee 1662-1663 iyo 1670-1671, siday u kala horreeyaan).

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa

Master of rinjiyeynta ku sifayn iyo qiimeeyo sida naqdiya farshaxan. Lala tani waa mid ka kaliya ee nolosha safar ku qaarjisay kooxda ka mid ah magaalada. Wuxuu marnaba ka tagay lahaa Delft haddii Frederick William I, Elector Brandenburzhskomu, ma bixiyaan si ay u iibsadaan a collection of Roman iyo farshaxankiisa uguurtay. Taasi eryay artist sida khabiir ku ah Hague si ay u hubiso siidaayay ah farshaxankiisa ku. camal notarial-dhowro, taas oo dhigayaa in sayidkii Yordans Yakob oo ku qaarjisay kooxda Yan farshaxankiisa lagama helin dhab ah oo qiimihiisu yahay toban meelood oo meel qiimaha ay. Iyada oo sida artist raalli ah u dhowayd inay dhammaadaan maalmood uu ku saboolnimada. Waxay bilaabeen dagaalka Dutch-Faransiis, kaas oo socday muddo toddoba sannadood ee 1672. ganacsiga Art dhegtay. Qaarjisay kooxda ayaa lagu qasbay inuu soo amaahato lacag si ay u quudiyaan qoyska ballaaran. In 1.675, artist ka dhacay xanuunsan oo dhintay. Uu dhaxalka tagtay deyn.

Qaarjisay kooxda Yan: muddada hore ee hal-abuurka

Young Master muddo dheer sarkhaansan Baroque Talyaani ah. Uu farshaxankiisa hore Hagidda images taariikhi oo Quraanku falna sanyahay. Farshaxankii loola jeedaa maadooyinka diinta ( "Masiixa ee Maryan iyo walaasheed Maarta"). Uu saamayn iyo sayidkayga Dutch ee rinjiyeynta ku sifayn ah Pieter de Hooch. Habka uu helay in la sii wado iyo horumarinta ee farshaxanka ee ku qaarjisay kooxda. The rinjiyeynta ugu muhiimsan ee xilligan la odhan karaa rinjiyeynta krupnofigurnoe "rufyaan The." Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in tiradaasi on xaq - a is-sawirka of farshaxanka. farshaxankiisa Curiska "rufyaan The 'dhalaalaya, ka buuxa xamaasad dhallinyaranimada iyo ficiladooda nijaasta. midabka Tone geesinimo weheliso jaamaha sonorous midabka saafi ah. Tan iyo 1650s artist isbedel dabayaaqadii caadada image. Waxa uu ku qoray rinjiyeynta yar oo la mid ah ama ka badan jilayaasha iyo diiradda aan wax badan sheekada sida ruuxa guud, jawiga of goobta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu bixisay dareenka dhow inay faahfaahin ka, ka fekereyso nalalka in isbedel gudaha magaalada yar ee qolka. Caadiga ah ee xilligan farshaxankiisa yihiin "Gabar The xarafka", "Milkmaid The", "shalash".

Jan qaarjisay kooxda "Gabar la Pearl sangeliskii, a"

Tani waa rinjiyeynta ugu caansan ee artist ee. Waxaa iska leh Museum Hague ah, laakiin waxa ku dhowaad marnaba qaadi on site - inta badan waxaa booqday dunida. Gabar A muujinayaa rinjiyeynta waxaa inta badan loo yaqaan "North Mona Lisa." Master ee rinjiyeynta this gaadhay meesha ugu sarreysa ee uu hanad. Gabar yar - sida shakhsiyaynta ah femininity jilicsan. dhar All permeated lyricism aan la koobi karayn. madaxdii The jeedin indhaha galmo, lfi safaleeti buluug ah midab ku saabsan asalka mugdi ah, sida dhuxul. Yaa ka muujinayaa rinjiyeynta ka Yan ku qaarjisay kooxda? Gabar la Pearl dhego a ... Waxaa laga yaabaa in Mary - gabadhii ugu weynaa ee artist ee. Laakiin, sida horjeeda doodi dhibic this of view, oo ahaa curadkii ee qoyska muuqday 1653. Sidaa darteed, waqtiga rinjiyeynta ah (1665) Mary ahayd oo kaliya laba iyo toban. Wax kasta oo ay ahayd gabar yar ee sawirka, weli waa si cad kor gabadhii artist ee.

farshaxankiisa dhawaan

Dhammaadka 60-mada ay qarnigii toddoba, artist ka bedelay qaab waxoogaa yar. Hadda waxa uu leeyahay laba mawduuc jecel muuqan. Tani marwooyin iyo mudanayaal kuwa hadalka geesiyaasha, caraf khamri ama ciyaaro music qol si deeqsinimo ah oo goglan. Tusaale ahaan, "Love Letter" iyo "Naagtii waxay ku dhalinyarada gitaarka." theme A labaad - dadka xamaasad leh oo ku saabsan shaqadooda. maanka xiiso leh Aadanahu waa lagu sawiray ee farshaxanka ee "astronomer", "Juqraafiga", "In studio artist ee." Shaqada iyo Shaqada ee haweenka - waa arrin kale, oo waa in loo gudbiyaa dhamaadka naftiisa gaaban ku qaarjisay kooxda Jan. Rinjiyaynta "Lacemaker The", "Lady ee spinet ah", "Naag yahay in Blue Reading Letter a" iyo "Gabadhu waxay isku dayayaan on kuul" - swatches dhalaalaya oo muddada artist ah.