Qayilo Microsomal: set oo ah falcelin

Doorka qayilo microsomal nolosha u shaqeeyo waa ay adag tahay in ay qiimayn dheeraad ah ama ka maqnaan. Inactivation of xenobiotic (sunta), ku burburkii iyo formation of hormoonnada adrenal ku lug -shiid ee borotiinada iyo ilaalinta macluumaadka hidaha - waa jajab u yar oo dhibaato loo yaqaan oo kaliya waxaa lagu xalin in lagu qayilo microsomal mahad. Waa habka madaxbannaan ee jirka, taas oo ay maamulaan ka dib markii lagu dhuftay walax kiciya iyo dhamaanayey uu elliminatsiey.

qeexid

qayilo Microsomal - Cascade ah falcelinta ka mid ah wajiga koowaad ee diinta ka xenobiotics. nuxurka geedi socodka been hydroxylation ee walxaha la atamka oxygen iyo qaab biyo. Sababo la xiriira isbedelka qaabka wax asalka ah, iyo sidoo kale hantida waa la baabi'iyay karaan ama maqalka.

qayilo Microsomal aad qaadataa in ay dareen-celin conjugation ah. Tani labaad transformations wajiga of xenobiotics, dhamaadka kaas oo kooxda functional ah ee hadda jira waxaa ku lifaaqan taagoo soo saaray jidhka gudahood. Mararka qaarkood formation of walxaha dhexe oo keeni dhaawac gacanta beerka, galleeyda oo xumaanshaha unugyada ee cudurka kansarka.

Qayilo nooca oxidase

reactions qayilo Microsomal dhici baxsan mitochondria oo sidaas daraaddeed ku baabbi'iyey, ku dhowaad toban boqolkiiba oxygen guud jirka gasha. falgalka muhiimka ah ee geedi socodka this - oxidase. In ay qaab-dhismeedka, atamka biraha waa la valence variable, sida birta, molybdenum, copper, iwm la joogo, sidaas darteed waxay awoodaan in ay aqbalaan electrons yihiin. In oxidase gacanta ku yaalla kiishka gaar ah (peroxisomes) ee ku taalla xuubka mitochondrial dibadda iyo in EPR (reticulum endoplasmic xunxunna). Substrate dhacayay peroxisome lumiyo taagoo hydrogen, taasoo ku xiran yihiin Britain oo biyo ah si ay u sameeyaan waxaay sheegayaan.

Waxaa jira oxidases shan oo kaliya:

- monoaminooksigenaza (MAO) - caawisaa in ay oxidize adrenaline iyo amines kale biogenic soo saaray qanjidhada adrenal;

- diaminooksigenaza (DAO) - lug ku qayilo ee histamine (dhexdhexaadiye of barar iyo xasaasiyad), polyamines iyo diamines;

- L-amino acid oxidase (ie, u taagoo levorotatory);

- D-amino acid oxidase (molecules dextrorotatory);

- xanthine - oxidize adenayn iyo gu'anayn (saldhig nitrogen ka mid ahaa in Britain DNA).

Qiimaha lagu qayilo nooca oxidase microsomal ka kooban yahay in tirtiridda xenobiotics iyo daawaca walxaha bayoloji firfircoon. waxaay sheegayaan Waxbarashada ayaa talaabo bactericidal iyo daahirintiisa farsamo ee gardarrada waxaa saamayn kooxda oo meedka meesha muhiim ah ka mid ah saamaynta kale.

Qayilo nooca oxygenase

Oxygenase reaction nooca in gacanta waxaa sidoo kale loo qaadan meel on reticulum ka da.ay endoplasmic iyo xuubka mitochondria vneschnih. Tani waxay u baahan ensaymes gaar ah - oxygenase in kor Britain oxygen ka substrate ah, oo waxay ku soo bandhigid galay maalkii oxidizable. Haddii fuliyey mid ka mid ah la eb oxygen, enzyme monooxygenase yeedhay ama hydroxylase ah. In the case of bandhigid laba atamka (i.e., Britain ah oo dhan oxygen), enzyme waxaa lagu magacaabaa diaksigenaza.

Oxygenase reaction qayilo nooc ka mid ah oo adag a Woodward multienzyme in ka qayb kala iibsiga ee electrons iyo protons ka substrate raacay by hawshooda u ah ee ogsijiin. Marxaladani waxay dhacdaa oo dhan la qaybgalka P450 cytochrome, taas oo weli lagu tilmaami doonaa si faahfaahsan.

Tusaalooyinka oxygenase reactions nooca

Sida kor ku xusan, monooxygenase loo isticmaalo qayilo oo keliya mid ka mid ah la eb oxygen laba la heli karo. Labaad, waxay ku xiran yihiin laba u taagoo of hydrogen si ay u sameeyaan biyaha. Mid ka mid ah tusaale ahaan ka mid ah cadaanyo noocan oo kale ah waa formation of collagen. deeq-oxygen kiiskan u dhaqmo sida vitamin C. Prolingidroksilaza waxaa kharriba ee Britain oxygen oo uu siiyo ku proline, taas oo iyana waa qeyb ka mid ah Britain procollagen ah. Marxaladani waxay siinaysaa, xoog iyo barti of unugyo. Marka ay jirto Nusqaan of vitamin C, turqo soo koraya. Waxaa teedu itaaldarrada nudaha connective, dhiigbaxa, nabar, oo luma ilkaha, taas oo ah, tayada collagen ee jirka hoose waa.

Tusaale kale waa hydroxylase in loogu badalo Britain kolestaroolka. Tani waa mid ka mid ah heerarka kala duwan ee formation of hormoonnada steroid, oo ay ku jiraan galmo.

ma aha hydroxylase gaar ah

hydrolase Tani waxay lagama maarmaan u ah qayilo ee walxaha shisheeye, sida xenobiotics. Macnaha of falcelinta waa in la sameeyo qalab sida iuu si ka saarida, ka badan L. Nidaamkan waxaa loo yaqaan naanin, oo waxaa inta badan ka dhaca beerka.

By isticmaalaya Britain oo dhan oxygen la soo saaray in farqiga u xenobiotics reactions wareegga iyo kala daatay oo ah walaxda adag galay dhowr fudud oo diyaar u ah geedi socodka dheefshiidka.

noocyada ogsijiin Waxyeelo

Ogsijiin waa walax khatar, tan iyo, dhab ahaantii, qayilo ka - geeddi-socodka sari a. In foomka of O ₂ molecules ama biyo waa mid deggan oo kiimikaad inert, maxaa yeelay heerka awoodda ay ka dhergaan iyo electrons cusub ma ku biiri kartaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xeryahooda, taas oo oxygen aan la at dhan waxaa jira labo ka mid ah electrons leeyihiin falcelin sare. waxaa sidaas daraaddeed waxay u bixiyeen firfircoon.

xeryahooda oxygen noocan oo kale ah:

1. In reactions monooksidnyh soo saaray superoxide oo laga soocay P450 cytochrome ah.
2. reactions oxidase waa formation of anion waxaay sheegayaan (hydrogenperoxid ah).
3. Inta lagu guda jiro dib-u-Oxygen ee unugyada, kaas oo maray ischemia.

The oxidizer ugu awooda badan yahay xag hydroxyl, waxaa jira nooc ka mid ah oo lacag la'aan ah oo kaliya millionth a of labaad ah, laakiin wakhtigaas haysan waqti ay ku maraan dhowr ah oo dareen diidmo oo lagu qayilo. Its feature waa in xagjirka hydroxyl saamayn ku walax kaliya ee meesha ku jira kuwaas oo la aasaasay, sida ma geli karto dhar ah.

anion Superoxide oo hydrogenperoxid

Waxyaabahani waa firfircoon ma aha oo kaliya in aagga waxbarashada, laakiin sidoo kale qaar ka fog iyaga ka, sida ay geli karaa iyada oo xuub gacanta.

Kooxda Hydroxyl sababa qayilo ka mid ah harta amino acid: histidine, cysteine iyo tryptophan. Tani waxay keenaysaa in inactivation ee nidaamka eulayska, iyo sidoo kale carqalad ku ah borotiinada gaadiidka. Intaa waxaa dheer, qayilo microsomal ee acids amino keenaysaa in burburinta dhismaha saldhigga nitrogenous nucleic iyo, sidaas awgeed, ku xanuunsado qalab hidaha ee gacanta. Oo oxidized acids dufanka leh uu ka samaysan yahay xuubka unug bilipidnogo lakabka. Tani waxay saamayn ku ay permeability, elektrolytka shaqo bamka xuub iyo meesha uu receptor ah.

Celiyeyaasha of qayilo microsomal - yihiin antioksidant. Waxay waxaa laga helaa cuntooyinka iyo waxa soo saarey jidhka gudahood. The antioxidant ugu fiican u yaqaan waa vitamin E. Waxyaabahani joogsada kartaa qayilo microsomal. Kiimikada noole qeexayaa xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya iyaga oo ku saleysan ra'yi-celin. Taasi waa, ka oxidases dheeraad ah, ayaa in ka badan ay ku cadaadiyeen, iyo qeybsanaan. Tani waxay ka caawisaa si ay u joogteeyaan dheelitirka u dhexeeya nidaamka iyo niyo Adag ee deegaanka gudaha.

silsilad gaadiidka korontada

nidaamka lagu qayilo Microsomal ma aha L. in cytoplasm ka mid ah qaybaha si ay dhammaan falgalka ay la ururiyey on dusha sare ee reticulum ku endoplasmic. Nidaamka waxaa ka mid ah borotiinka dhowr, taas oo samaysa circuit electrotransport ah:

- reductase NADPH-P450 iyo P450 cytochrome;

- WEYN-tsitohromV5 reductase iyo B5 cytochrome;

- steatorrhea-CoA desaturase.

deeq electron ee inta badan dacwadaha falimihiisii NADP (nicotinamide adenayn phosphate dinucleotide). Waxaa oxidizes reductase NADPH-P450, oo ka kooban laba coenzymes (qaab iyo FMN), qaadashada electrons. Dhamaadka silsiladda FMN oxidized isticmaalaya P450.

P450 cytochrome

Tani enzyme ee lagu qayilo microsomal of protein heme-ka kooban ee. Waxaa xidhana oxygen iyo substrate ah (sida caadiga ah xenobiotic a). Waxaa magaceeda la xidhiidha nuugista iftiinka la Milanello ka mid ah 450 nm. Bayoolajiga ayaa waxay ogaadeen in noolaha oo dhan. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, ayaa ku tilmaamay in ka badan kow iyo toban kun oo borotiinada tirsan nidaamka P450 cytochrome ah. In bakteeriyada, walax la kala diri ee cytoplasm ah, oo waxaa la rumeysan yahay in foomkan waa ugu evolutionarily qadiimiga badan in bini'aadanka. Waxaan cytochrome P450 - protein kabarta go'an on xuub cytoplasmic ah.

The ensaymes kooxdan ay ku lug-shiid ee steroids iyo acids dufan bile, phenols, neutralizing daroogada, sun ama daroogada.

The sifooyinka lagu qayilo microsomal

Geedi socodkii lagu qayilo microsomal leeyihiin cayimayo a substrate ballaadhan, iyo this, markeeda, ogolaanaya in la ogaado noocyo kala duwan oo walxaha. Kow iyo toban kun oo borotiinada P450 cytochrome karaa hanta in ka badan boqol iyo konton isoforms of eulayska. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxay leedahay tiro badan oo ah muhashada. Tani waxay awood jidhka in laga takhaluso ku dhowaad dhammaan of waxyaabo waxyeello taas oo loo sameeyay gudaha ama dibadda ku dhici. Soo saaridda ee falgalka qayilo microsomal beerka u dhaqmi karaan gudaha iyo meel fog ka badan jidhka ka.

sharciyeynta waxqabad ee lagu qayilo microsomal

qayilo Microsomal beerka waxaa nidaaminaya heerka mRNA ah, laakiin halkii ay ka shaqayn - qoraal. All Lahjadaha of P450 cytochrome, tusaale ahaan, diiwaan on Britain DNA ah, iyo si ay u muuqday on ESR lagama maarmaan ah in "qoroto" warbixin ka soo DNA si RNA Rasuul. Markaas mRNA la faray inay ribosome halkaas oo u taagoo protein loo sameeyay. Tirada u taagoo waxaa nidaaminaya ka baxsan oo ku xidhan tahay tirada walxaha taas oo waa in la furi, iyo helitaanka acids amino lagama maarmaan ah.

Currently, in ka badan laba boqol iyo konton-tilmaamay kiimiko ah in aad dhaqaajiso qayilo microsomal jidhka. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid barbiturates, Consort leedahay beduliyum, alcohols, ketones iyo hormoonnada. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto kala duwanaanshaha muuqata, walxaha dhammu waa lipophilic (L dufanka), oo sidaas daraaddeed u nugul P450 cytochrome.