Savva Mamontov: Biography, nolashiisa qaaska ah, hawlaha qabeen ah, xaqiiqada oo xiiso leh

Gargaaraha farshaxanka Savva Ivanovich Mamontov qoyska baayacmushtari yimid. Waxa uu ku dhashay October 2, 1841 magaalada Siberian Yalutorovsk. Marka uu ahaa 8 sano jir, isaga iyo labadiisii Waalid inuu u dhaqaaqay Moscow. Aabbaha Ivan ugaadhsado naxariis oo khamri ah. Iyada oo uu naagtiisa Mary lahaa toddoba carruur ah, oo ay ku jiraan laba gabdhood oo hore dhintay. Ivan dhaqaaqay Moscow ka dib markii uu noqday ganacsi ee Guild ugu horeysay, oo waxay bilaabeen inay madaxa oo dhan gobolka dhaqaalaha qoro. Waxyaabaha baayacmushtariga buurtaad u kacdeen, sidaas qoyska noolaa jidka weyn. In Mamontov ahaa niman beerrey ah u guri nagaadi Meshchanskaya Street, kaas oo lagu qabtay soirees iyo kubadaha.

carruurnimada

Inkastoo bareejeeyo lahaayeen fasalka baayacmushtariga, amarada ee qoyska ahaayeen kuwo aad u kala duwan oo ka soo jireenka ah ee deegaanka in. In nolosha qoyska this degan muhiim ah suugaanta meel, fanka, masraxa, music. Ivan dhaqan dhaqan oo dheeraad ah sida sayidkaygiiyow Ingiriisi ah ka badan tahay baayacmushtari. Dabcan, jidka nolosha ee saameyntiisa xooggan sare on danaha in helay Savva Mamontov. deeqbixiye Biography ay ka duwanaan laheyd haddii aan for dhadhanka qoyskiisa u gaar ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxbarashada wiilasha ku hawlan macalin, waxa ay wax ku bartaan luqadaha ajnabiga iyo dhaqan Yurub.

First Sawa bartay dugsiga caadiga ah. Markaasaa aabbihiis wuxuu u wareejiyo ee Institute of Civil Injineerro Corps ee St. Petersburg. Go'aanka Tani waxa ay ahayd aragti ah. Just ka dibna dhismaha tareenka loo sameeyay Russia. xirfad Engineering guud ahaan ayaa noqday mid aad u caan ah. ardayga Inta badan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, jeclaaday afka Jarmal. Laba sano ka dib, aabbihiis wuxuu u soo kaxeeyey St. Petersburg sababta oo ah cudurka faafa ee qandho casaan.

dhalinyarada

At da'da 19, Savva Mamontov Biography in la kala saaro markooda badan oo lama filaan ah, ku soo gashay Jaamacadda Metropolitan, laakiin markii dambe loo wareejiyay Moscow, halkaas oo uu u doortay Kuliyadda sharciga. Inkastoo takhasuska this, hamiday ugu weyn ee ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa te'atradii. Ma uusan seegi Ciyaar hal cod weyn, iyo wareejiyo in intelligentsia Moscow ee. By Mamontov xitaa u muuqday oo kaliya amnestied Decembrists ah.

Ivan sii waday in ay si guul leh u fuliyaan ganacsiga. Oo isna wuxuu lahaa wiilal dhowr ah, laakiin midkoodna ma danaynay in ay ganacsi. Rajadii ayaa waxa ay iskula Aabihiis Sava. In 1862 wuxuu wiilkiisii Baku, halkaas oo uu ka ahaa si ay u tagaan arrimaha ganacsi ee xubinimadii Transcaspian soo diray. Dhawr bilood ka dib Savva Mamontov, kuwaas oo Biography ayaa zagzaagga kale, wuxuu noqday madaxa xafiiska dhexe Moscow ee ururka.

In 1864, ganacsade u soo baxeen inay Italy. First, uu doonayo in uu sameeyo iyada oo ay caafimaad, iyo marka labaad, waxayna u socdeen eegto ganacsiga xariir ah. Ujeedada this loo doortay Lombardy. Waxa ay muddo dheer ahayd caan ku tahay warshadaha jare Xariir iyo sericulture. In Milan, Savva Ivanovich Mamontov la kulmay masraxa maxalliga ah halyeeyga "La Scala" halkaas oo ay ku riday opera ugu fiican adduunka. baayacmushtariga oo ahayd si dhab ah xiiso noocan oo kale ah tahay, iyo xitaa bilaabay in ay qaataan casharada gabay hiwaayadda.

nolosha Personal

Young Savva Mamontov, kuwaas oo nolosha shakhsiga ah ayaa soo saartay aad u fiican, oo uu kula kulmay naagtiisa mustaqbalka Elizabeth Sapozhnikova intii uu safarka ugu horeeya Talyaaniga. Gabadha ayaa aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa ganacsade caan ah iyo Xariir, maxaa yeelay guurka waxaa xoogaystay Sava xaalad bulsho halis ah oo qoyskiisa oo kaliya.

Ivan Elizabeth oo aad u badan, oo ay tahay farxad aad u weyn ansixiyey doorashada ee wiilkiisa. Ka dib markii xaflad dabaaldeg, labada nin waxay tageen Italy mar kale - waqtigan for Malabka ah. Savva Mamontov naagtiisii dhashay ninkeedii shan carruur ah. Gabadhooda Faith weyin rinjiile Valentin Serov in uu rinjiyeynta caan ah "Gabar la fersken".

kii dhaxalka lahaa Kambayuutarada

Aabbaha bixio Ivan Fedorovich ku dhintay 1869, ka dib markii taas oo uu ganacsiga qoyska uu ina soo maray. Bedelka caawiyay gargaarana waalidka. iyaga waxaa la jiray ganacsadaha dhalinyaro ah ma aha oo kaliya la ilaashaa, laakiin sidoo kale u tarmin dhaxalkooda waalidka. Sidaas 1872, madaxa oo ka mid ah bulshada oo ka mid ah tareenka Moscow-Yaroslavl helay agaasimaha cusub - Savva Mamontov. baayacmushtariga Biography ayaa la xidhiidha noocyo kala duwan oo ah meelaha ganacsiga. Isla la tareenka uu leeyahay xafiiska ganacsiga, taas oo bixisey qalabka dhismaha. Mamontov si tartiib tartiib ah qabsaneysa horseedi iyo nolol bulsho firfircoon.

buul Qoyska Savva jiray estate Abramtsevo ah, iibsatay ka qoraa Sergei Aksakov ah. Lamaanahan ayaa dareemay in carruurtooda si fiican u koraan dalka ka kaaftoomi iyo xaaladaha caafimaad qabin iska. Had iyo jeer kala duwanaayeen jacayl koxda oo ka mid ah hawlaha magnate sameeyey dubaan, Abramtzevo barwaaqo ay dugsiga u gaar ah, kaniisadda, koriyo oo, jardiinooyin, isbitaalka, buundada iyo hooyadood oo ku saabsan TUUG River.

Bono

In kasta oo hawlaha dhaqaale, baayacmushtariga oo sii waday in ay xiiso u tahay. Waxa uu ahaa aqoon u leh dhammaan xisbiyada waaweyn ee waxgaradka qaranka uu waqti. In Abramtsevo xataa sameeyay goobo ka mid ah fanaaniinta, isaga qudhiisu by abaabulay ahaa Savva Mamontov. xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh caqliga nolosha iyo gargaare uu weheliso news macaamilada kale oo weyn oo ganacsi. Mamontov helay warkiisii balaadhan ka dib markii dhismaha dhammeeyey muhiim u ah dhaqaalaha tareenada ee ku jira xeedhada dhuxusha Donetsk. Isgaarsiinta ayaa la dhisay 1882. Siddeed sano ka dib, Savva ka iibiyey gobolka for nasiib ah.

tabar gaar Mamontov lahaa fanaaniinta. Wuxuu ahaa saaxiib la Apollinary Vasnetsov, Isaakom Levitanom, Vasiliem Surikovym, Valentin Serov iyo Ranjiilayaasha kale. baayacmushtariga oo ahaa qof qaraabo ah oo aasaasihii a gallery waaweyn ee Moscow Pavel Tretyakov.

sokoeye iyo Art

sokoeye iyo Savva Mamontov caawimaad fanaaniinta damiir ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale dhaqaale ahaan, haddii loo baahdo. Wuxuu ahaa la'yihiin ah in talanti badan oo dhallinyaro ah. Ranjiilayaasha bilood noolaa midig ee gurigiisa. Sababo Savva Ivanovich kacay inuu xiddigaha cagihiisa sida Vrubel, Vasnetsov, Korovin iyo Serov. Qaar ka mid ah farshaxankiisa in ay noqdaan Classics aqoonsan yahay ka dibna, waxaa lagu rinjiyeeyay xaafadda Mamontov. Inkastoo baayacmushtarka ku socotay ah lama hawlan si toos ah farshaxankiisa ururinta isu dejiyaa ah ee isbarteen cusub ee ka soo adduunka farshaxanka.

Bono Savva run ahaantii ka caawiyay da 'yar fanaaniinta-Wanderers. In 1880, wareegga ugu weyn ee album la sii daayay qalabka baayacmushtari jirtay. Mamontov sidoo kale abaabulay bandhigyo tahay in Moscow. Wada jir ah ula noblewoman ku Maria Tenisheva uu maal majaladda caan ah "World of Art".

Xaraaradda muusiga iyo tiyaatarka

rinjiyeynta ma ahayn danta keliya ee baayacmushtariga oo. Music - taasi waa farshaxan kale oo xanuunsan Savva Mamontov. xaqiiqooyinka Interesting ku saabsan dhadhankii uu si fiican u yaqaan for naaxariista joogto ah shaqeeya qabanqaabiyaa gurigiisa. Halkan ka dhawaajisay shuqullada by Schumann, Beethoven, Mozart, Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky iyo composers kale oo caan ah. Ma dhaliyay casharada vocal Mamontov uu mararka qaar la hadlay martida. Waxa uu sidoo kale waxay leedahay qaab guriga gaaro. In mid ka mid ah qaab uu u ciyaaray dhallinyarada Konstantin Alexeev, kuwaas oo markii dambe u noqday Stanislavsky dunida-caan ah agaasimaha masraxa a.

In 1882, troupes gaarka ah ayaa si sharci ah loo ogol yahay in Russia. Mid ka mid ah kuwa isla markiiba ka faa'ideysatay oo ka mid ah fursado cusub oo noqday Savva Mamontov. Abramtsevo ma ahayn oo keliya marsada ah ee fanaaniinta. Deeqbixiye xiiso opera iyo dabeecad diiday dhibaataysnaayeen dadweynaha Ruush noocan ah tahay, waxaan go'aansaday in uu abaabulo soosaarid opera ah. Waxa uu ku riyoon jiray shaqo buuxda masraxa, taas oo ay midoobaan yaabaa shaqo ee muusikalayda, fannaaniinta, kuwii gabayaaga ahaa iyo jilayaasha. Wax soo saarka sida qoyska oo aan weli kala duwanaayeen.

doorashada ee Hobollada cusub oo Savva Mamontov caawiyay kaari Nikolai Krotkov. qabanqaabiyayaasha ay go'aansatay in ay ugu yeedhi fanaaniin dhalinyaro ah, ma ku hadla ee Tiyaatarka Gobolka. Mamontov isaga qudhiisa in la abuuro tiyaatarka ma qaban xafiis kasta, laakiin si joogto ah ka qeyb galay duubteen iyo Actorada hadlay.

shirkad gaar ah

Bilowga ee 1885-dhisme ay leedahay tiyaatarka Lianozovo ay aheyd qaab ciyaareed ugu horeysay Mamontov "gabareeymaanyo" Hobollada Qaranka saaray shuqullada by composers Aleksandra Dargomyzhskogo. Qurxinta la abuuray, waayo, isaga Isaakom Levitanom iyo Apollinary Vasnetsov. Markaas, waxay sidoo kale soo shaqeeyay on saarka kale ( "Faust" iyo "Dumar yahow yuul ee Windsor"). Shaki kuma jiro in "carruurta hal abuur" Savva Mamontov noqday fanaaniinta tiyaatarka Ruush ugu horeysay. Ilaa waqtigan in, fanaaniinta oo halis ah ma galaan muuqaal for soo saarka, ka fiirsaneysa inay u habooneyn in heerka farsamada. Waxaa jiray sawira ah Misbaax ku muujinayay muuqaal la mid ah asalka opera: burbur ah ee qadiimiga ah, iyo Daar wayn Dr Makumbe, dabeecadda Italy. Company "Tareenka King" bedelay amarka la aasaasay.

Waayo, waqti dheer ah, opera tijaabo Mamontov ma ahaa guul la maqlayo. Saameeyeen la'aanta ah ee waayo-aragnimo ah ee dhalinyarada ah jilayaasha "qudhiisu". ganacsadaha, si kastaba ha ahaatee, sidoo kale hubka dejisay, inkastoo aflagaada dhamayta in saxaafadda iyo dhaleeceyn saaxiibo ahaa oo rumaysnaa in magnate halis ah waa in aanay ku lug Cawaysimina idinkoo sida. The safar ugu horreeya ee tiyaatarka-profile sare dhacay oo keliya in 1898 markii shirkadda guuleystay Mamontovskaya St. Petersburg.

Waxa intaa dheer in kuwan taxadiri in Sergiev Posad iyo Yaroslavl, a taallo gaar Savva Mamontov - fanaaniinta ah, ka dhigay caan ah uu opera. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid composers goobta xiddiga Chaliapin Rachmaninoff, Rimsky-arrimo iyo Mussorgsky.

xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Bacdi Mamontov ahaa aan ku xaddidnayn tahay mid ka mid ah oo kaliya. Muddo dheer wuxuu ahaa guddoomiyaha dugsiga tareenka Delvigovskom ee Moscow. Savva maal dhismaha dugsiyada, oo ay ku jiraan in gobollada waqooyi. Waxay la aasaasay Kostroma college warshadaha. In St. Petersburg, abaabulan edition Kambayuutarada kala views deeqsi ah ee wargeyska "Ruush." Waxaa la xiray in 1902, ka dib waxaa u muuqday xiiso qaadashada curiyaha ka mid ah qoyska reer boqor.

xiisaha Charity xagga woqooyi ka soo bareejeeyo la yimid dhismaha waddo tareen si Arkhangelsk. Mashruucan waxa lagu gartaa ay kakanaanta gaar ah oo adag. Laga soo bilaabo bilowgii, isagu ma uu ugu ballanqaadaan dakhliga degdeg ah oo la arki karo. Savva kor u qaadeen dhismaha oo kaliya ka mid ah dareen liistooyinka dadweynaha iyo wacyi waxa line cusub dardar doono horumarka dhaqaale ee xagga woqooyi.

Waddada lagu gaarayo Arkhangelsk lagu soo dhamaystay 1897. Waxa ay ahayd muhiimadda ugu weyn oo labaduba gobolka waqooyiga, iyo dalka oo dhan. In kasta oo baaxadda waxqabadyada ay, Savva ma uu doonin aqoonsiga dadweynaha. Waxa uu ahaa ma raadinaya Jannooyinka iyo abaalmarino, ma ay xiriir la leeyihiin xoogagga noqon. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Kambayuutarada ku lahaa u Naasixa sare iyo macaamiisha. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay Wasiirka Maaliyadda Sergei Witte. Ka dib markii dhismaha khadka tareenka ee Arkhangelsk ayaa ah darto bareejeeyo Order rasmiga ah ee St. Vladimir ee heerka afraad.

Kicitaanka iyo sanno ee u danbeysay

In 1890 Savva Morozov kor u qaadeen oo ay mashruuc ganacsi ee ugu wayn. Waxay ka koobnayd in abuurista ururo gaadiidka iyo ganacsiga warshadaha. Waayo, Kambayuutarada this iibsaday qaar duugoobay oo dhirta dalbanayaan casriyeynta. kharashka dayactirka ee kharashka badan. qoyska Savva Mamontov si tartiib tartiib ah looga badiyay lacag badan oo dheeraad ah. In 1898, waxay isku helo xaalad adag, ganacsadaha go'aansaday on a macaamil ganacsi lacageed khatar la saamiyada ee tareenada Yaroslavl ah. Sidaas darteed of iibinta securities Mamontov danbeyn kacday.

Isku dayga in ay ka burbur dhaqaale ka baxsadaan, deeqbixiye helay dhimista gobolka si ay u dhisaan tareenka ka St. Petersburg in Vyatka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxan keliya oo sii xumeeyey xaaladda. In 1899, at bareejeeyo ka baxay lacag ku orday, wuxuu mar dambe ma bixin karo la deyn badan. Waxaa intaa dheer, gobolka wakiil Wasaaradda Maaliyadda u magacaabay hubinta ah, wadada a.

wax u dhaceen maxkamadda. Savva muddo dhawr bilood ah loo diray xabsiga, uu diiday hantida. Ganacsade lagu eedeeyay lunsiga. Ugu maxkamad, wuxuu difaacay wakiilka u fiican oo u doodid qaranka Fedor Plevako. Mamontov waayay, ayuu la sii daayey hoos sacab ee dadweynaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, magaalada ma mar hore ka tagay. dheelitirka Life Savva qabtay ka mid ah nolosha dadweynaha. maxkamadda ka dib, wuxuu u dhaqaaqay guri yar oo u dhow Gate Butyrskaya ah. Mamontov gaadhsiiyo oo keliya goobo yar oo ah saaxiibo hore, ka mid ah kuwaas oo si fiican u yaqaan oo dhan fanaaniinta dalka iyo jilayaasha. Maecenas dhintay April 6, 1918 at da'da 76 sano. Oo waxaa lagu aasay tuulada Abramtsevo.