Farshaxanka iyo madadaalada, Tahay
Sculptor Nikkolo Pizano: Biography, hal-abuurka iyo xiiso leh xaqiiqooyinka
Maqaalkani waxa uu diiradda saari doonaa nolosha iyo shaqada sculptor Talyaaniga iyo naqshada Nikkolo Pizano. Waxaa la aqoonsan yahay asaasaha dugsi Talyaaniga ee naqshadaha in saamayn horumarinta farshaxanka ah oo dhan ee Italy.
asal ahaan
Nikkolo Pizano waxaa loo arkaa inay asaasaha dugsi ee farshaxan Talyaani iyo aabaha of sculptor caanka tayo Dzhovanni Pizano. Sidoo kale waxa la aqoonsan by dhaqanka aasaasaha Protorenessansa ah. Taariikhda saxda ah ee dhalashada waa sayidkiisa oo aan la garaneyn. Cilmi ee uu shaqada soo jeedisay in taariikhda u badan tahay in la oran karo waa in 1219.
sculptor The ku dhashay Puglia, ee koonfurta Italy. Haddii waxaannu u jeesanaynaa dadka ku archives of Siena, waxaad ka heli doontaa in waxa loo yaqaan oo ahaa ina Pietro. "Pisano" - ma aha magaca dhabta ah, laakiin keliya naaneesta ah in naqshada ahaa, muddo dheer soo shaqeeyay Pisa.
waxbarashada
Nikkolo Pizano, kuwaas oo shaqada si cad u muujinaysaa heerka sare ee xirfadaha, ka baranay sayid caadiga ah in magaalada uu ku dhashay. Sidoo kale waxaa jira warar sheegayay in uu u tababaran ee siminaarka, kuwaas oo la soo shaqeeyay garabka Brasco Emperor Frederick II oo ahaa diiradda xeerkii classical. Waa in la sheegay in uu soo gaaray magaalada Pisa, hore ayaa ilaa xad la aasaasay sculptor ah. Sida time ayaa muujisay, wuxuu u sameeyey go'aan sax ah, la siiyo ilaa xeerkii Byzantine aawadood oo ah in ay caag dunida qadiimiga soo laabtay. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ku dhowaad 1245 m-Nikkolo Pizano ueahal Tuscany halkaas ku hawshooday Castello Del Prato Emperor.
Muddo ka dib, sculptor mar kale u guuraan, horumarineyso Lucca, halkaas oo uu sii waday inuu farshaxan. Wax yar ka dib, ayuu dhaqdhaqaaqa Pisa (inta u dhaxaysa 1245 iyo 1250 sano). Waa in magaaladan reer Nikkolo Pizano kulmay naagtiisa mustaqbalka, wuxuuna dhalay a. Uu lover waa ogyahay gabi ahaanba waxba. Pisano ina jeclaaday oo wax ku baray uu farsamo da'da hore. Tan iyo markii uu u dhaqaaqo Pisa, wuxuu bilaabaa in ay u muuqdaan in dhammaan waraaqaha hoos magaca Nikkolo Pizano.
abuuridda
Cilmi ma dhihi karo si dhab ah nooca shaqada iska gacanta sculptor ku Pisano. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in decoration ee qalcaddii Castello del Emperor ahayd tii u doonanayd by. Waxay u badan tahay in qoraaga of libaaxyada ka muujinayaa on portal ee qalcaddii, sidoo kale, isagu waa. Waayo, shaqo muddo Tuscan waxaa ka mid ah "gabar madaxa", kaas oo lagu muujiyay in Rome (Palazzo Venezia). In Lucca ula decoration ee Aamino ee St. Martin ee Cathedral.
masterpiece ugu horeysay
Nikkolo Pizano, kuwaas oo farshaxan la kulmay dhamaan Italy, in 1255 helay si gaar ah in Pisa, sida laga soo xigtay oo ahaa in la abuuro kursi ee Baptistery ah. On mashruucan sculptor wuxuu la shaqeeyay saaxiibbadiis Lapo Di Richevuto iyo Arnolfo di Cambio. Waxay ahayd shaqada ugu horeysay ee Pisano ayaa qalinka ku duugay. Waxaa loo arkaa inuu masterpiece ugu horeysay, sida odayga ahaa awoodaan in la isu geeyo style Roman classical iyo dabayaaqadii.
Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ka hor inta Pisano si firfircoon uga bartay arrinta sculptural waqtiga Augustus, sidaas badan waxay ahayd ka muuqataa Waaxda Baptistery ah. Waxay ahayd qaab-dhismeedka 6-carbon ah caddaan, casaan iyo madow marmar cagaaran, taas oo ku dul meelaha dedan oo ku dhigay. Arintaan ayaa ka dhigay in qaab Gothic qaab trefoil. Halka ay taageertaa columns sare. At geesood oo xafiiltamaan kasta loo dhigay tiradaasi oo ah mid ka mid ah afar wanaagga jiifoo (jaantuska ugu caansan - image ee Force ee foomka of Hercules). Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in abuurka ah ee kaliya sida a sayid baptistery waxyoonay dedan oo triumphal of Rome, kii uu jeclaa, intuu ku socday inuu Ostia.
Ha noo xusuusataan in ay halka of Constantine ayaa sidoo kale lagu qurxiyey tiirar iyo reliefs. In ka muujinayaa goobaha kala duwan ee la soo dhaafay uga noqdeen nolosha Ciise Masiix: "The Qiyaame hore", "Sujuud of maydku," "Keenida macbudka," "Qodbay", iwm Sidoo kale, shaqada on baptistery ku illowsiin kartaa saamayn classic iska cad in Pisano waxaa loo tababaray .. maxkamadda of Frederick Emperor ee II. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in shuqullada ugu fiican ee Niccolo - gargaarka ah "Annunciation The", "Sujuud ee Shepherds" iyo "dhalatay". In shaqo this sculptor si guul la isku daro technology ee sayid qadiimiga ah iyo casriga ah ee macnaha Reebay caadooyinka Christian. In image quduuska ah sidoo kale waa garabaka shaqada sayid qadiimiga ah, waxay ahaayeen socod, Quraanku falna sanyahay digtoonaadaan.
Xiritaanka wiilkiisa
Qiyaastii 1264 Pisano u dhammeeyey shuqulkii waa in ay ahaataa baptistery qubbad. Markii hore waxaa la hawlan dhise Diotisalvi, laakiin markaas shaqada la siiyey Niccolo. sculptor ayaa go'aansaday in ay sameeyaan Baptistery kor ku xusan iyo waxa qurxin leh laba domes. Qiyaastii 1278 si ay u caawiyaan Niccolo wiilkiisa Giovanni, kuwaas oo ka caawiyey dhameystiro baptistery ah, qurxinta farshaxan tolnimo yimid. Wax yar ka dib, Niccolò shaqo bilaabay mashruuc ee Ark ah Mala'igtu ee St. Dominic. Horumarinta Pisano ansixiyay, laakiin shaqo dheeraad ah loo diiday. Wax yar ka dib, wuxuu weli gacanta ku lahaa in la abuuro of xabaashii for Saint ah. Dominic ee Bologna si wadajir ah ula Fra Guglielmo.
The Department for Cathedral Siena ah
Qiyaastii 1265 ayuu bilaabay in ay ka shaqeeyaan waaxda ee Cathedral Siena ah. Wadar ahaan waxa uu ku qaatay waxa ku saabsan saddex sano. guddoomiyaha waxa uu ahaa mid aad u la mid ah uu masterpiece hore - baptistery ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, halkan waxa uu ku bedelay baaxadda iyo qaab-dhismeedka dhigay weyn ee size. Sidoo kale ah note waa decoration ah, maxaa yeelay waxa ay u badan ka badan raaxo badan in baaritaan kowaad wuxuu ahaa. On mashruuc uu la saaxiibo uu daacad ka shaqeeya - ina Giovanni, by Arnolfo di Cambio iyo Lapo Di Richevuto. Haddii aan baarno reliefs u qaabeysan saddex dhinac-cabbir ah, waxaan dhihi karaa in ay aad u badan yihiin saameynta ay Faransiis Gothic.
shaqada ugu danbeysay ee Nicola iyo Dzhovanni Pizano - waa il, kaas oo loogu tala galay in ay qurxiyaan square weyn ee Perugia. Affidavits sheegaya in Niccolo dhisay kiniisadda Santa Trinita ee Florence, sida xusuusin ah ee Cistercian Gothic, taas oo sii horumarinta ee Italy.
Gebogebadii waxaan dhihi karaa in Niccolo ahaa aabbe dugsiga Talyaani ee farshaxan, kaas oo socday ilaa qarnigii XIV ah, iyo saamaynta ay ku faafay oo dhan Italy. Inta badan in shuqullada Pisano iska leh ee la soo dhaafay ay ahaayeen calaamadaha iyo images dhacsan, meel la gabi ahaanba ka buuxsantay, oo aan sheegin diyaarad meel ka mid ah fanaaniinta cusub. Laakiin shaqada ee Nikkolo Pizano (farshaxankiisa) si ay u diyaariyaan bulshada in ay isbedel weyn oo duurka ku ah farshaxan iyo naqshadaha. Waxay u noqday nooc ka mid ah goobtii loogu talagalay boodi sare. 1260-1270 sano ahaayeen kuwo aad u mashquul u tara, maxaa yeelay, wuxuu ahaa helitaanka amar oo dhan ka Italy.
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