Table of Darajooyin in Saarka Russia. Table of Darajooyin of Ruushka

"Table of Darajooyin" Saarka Russia (1722-1917) predstalyaet sharciga ah oo ku saabsan habka for diidmo in hay'adaha ee Jamhuuriyadda Ruush iyo Empire Ruush ah, waxaa sidoo kale tilmaamay ratio ee safafka Seniority kala duwan oo amarka, taas oo kor u darajooyin.

Waxa lagu ansixiyay Peter aan ku January 1722 oo socday ilaa November 1917 iyadoo isbedelo badan. In qaar ka mid ah dhulalka ay gacanta ku Cossack iyo Dawladaha cad, ay tallaabo ku sugnaa ilaa October 1922. Law "Table of Darajooyin" ee Ruushka kajirin.

History of abuurka

Tsar Butros gees u waday qayb firfircoon ee abuurka iyo tafatirka sharcigan, kaas oo ku salaysan amaahashada ka mid ah liiska madaxda boqortooyooyinka Prussian, Faransiis, Danish iyo af Iswiidhish. Peter shakhsi ka beddelidda sharciga qabyada ah xoqdo, waxaa la saxiixay 1721, laakiin ka hor daabacaadda lagu amray in sharciga la keeno si aqalka Guurtida.

content ee "Table of Darajooyin" Saarka Russia, marka laga reebo Senate, ayaa sidoo kale loo arkaa in ay Admiralty iyo Rugta Military ah, halkaas oo tiro ka mid ah comments waxaa laga sameeyey oo ku saabsan sida loo dhigo iyada oo saf ah madaxda sare ee mushaharka mushahar, iyo sidoo kale hordhaca ah ee ka tirsan Ruush qadiimiga ah ee miiska iyo baabi'inta shayga rigoorayaal lagu gali meel, kaas oo ahaa ka badan darajo u dhigma ee kaniisadda. All dhibcood xogta ahaayeen, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka tagay iyada oo aan tixgelin dheeraad ah ee sharciga "Table of Darajooyin" (oo boqortooyadiisa Ruush). In ay barbaro galeen kor u version kama dambaysta ah waxaa ka qayb galay xubno ka mid ah Golaha Guurtida iyo Bruce Golovkin iyo Dmitriyev-Mamonov iyo Matyushkin - dalacsiiyay guud ee waaweyn.

"Table of Darajooyin": sida ay ugu adeegaan State ee Saarka Russia

January 24, 1722 oo ahaa boqorkii ansixiyey dokumentiga. All safafka hadda kala qaybiyaa saddex nooc oo soo socda: a rayidka ah, ciidamada iyo maxkamadda. Waxay sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah 14 fasallo kala duwan.

"Table of Darajooyin" ee Russia Saarka koobnaa wadar ahaan 263 jagooyinka, laakiin markaas qaar ka mid ah waxaa ka mid ah waxaa la buriyey, iyo qarnigii 18aad, dhammaantiis la waayay.

abtirsan dhaxlo

fasalka 14-aad (Fendrick, iyo ka dib, la 1730kii ka, Warrant Sarkaalka) nin siiyey amar ay ku abtirsan dhaxlo, taas oo adeegga madaniga ah waxaa la helay on gaarey fasalka siddeedaad (darajo qiimeeyaha collegiate) iyo 14 (sida diiwaan-Collegiate) xaq u leeyihiin inay bixiyaan kaliya ku abtirsan uu gaariga.

Bayaanka ku abtirsan dhaxlo, la daabacay June 11, 1845, waxaa wada urursaday la soo saarka ee fasalka 8aad (oo Dirk madaxa guddiga a). carruurta ku dhashay ka hor aabbahood u helay, waxay ahaayeen category gaar ah. Waxay ahaayeen yeedho carruurta saraakiishii '. Xaaladdan oo kale, mid ka mid ah laga yaabo in lagu siiyo dadkii ku abtirsan dhaxlo on codsi aabbihiis.

Isbeddelada mustaqbalka ee "Table of Darajooyin"

Bishii December 1856, Alexander II xaddidan oo amar xaq u leeyahay inuu helo maadooyinka darajo abtirsan dhaxlo ee kornayl (fasalka this 6-deedii), iyo u-adeegidda rayidka ah - fasalka 4aad.

Sida aad arki karto, version asalka ah, oo lahaa a "Table of Darajooyin" in Saarka Russia ayaa la beddelo iyada oo sababtu tahay dibuhabaynta muddo ku dhow laba qarniyo. Tiro ka mid ah jagooyinka rayid ah ayaa noqday magac safafka rayidka ah, iyadoo aan loo eegin waajibaadka dhabta ah ee ka wakiilka ah.

horyaal baabiiyo

Tusaale ahaan, magaca "qiimeeyaha collegiate", "ayuu yiri xoghayaha collegiate", "State Degaanka," "taliye collegiate" markii hore loogu tala galay xubin booska ciyaaray guddiga cod qiyaano iyo wadatashi, xoghayaha guddiga iyo madaxweynaha "The" guddiga State. Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Maxkamadda waxaa loo bixiyey "la-taliyaha maxkamadda." In 1726, maxkamadaha kor ku xusan waxaa lagu buriyey, iyo darajo ee magaca ku sugnaa ilaa 1917.

"Table of Darajooyin" in Saarka Russia siiyey fursad ay dadka xarfaanta ah, wakiillo ka socda fasalada hoose, si loo horumariyo, oo ay ku jiraan si aad u hesho abtirsan.

Saf Kala

Waa Darajooyin kala qaybsamay sarkaalka xarunta, sarkaal sare (ilaa fasalka 9, ie darajo taliye -Gudoomiyaha / kabtanka loo dhan yahay) iyo Guud. Waxa aannu iftiimin madaxda sare ee labada fasalada ugu horeeyay (general sare). Waxay ay ahayd in ay racfaan, waayo, saraakiil sare oo ka tirsan - "Your Honor", oo ku salaysan Ofitserova lahaa in loogu yeedho - "Your Honor," Guud ee - "Mudane", iyo wakiillo ka socda labada fasalada ugu horeeyay - "Mudane."

Si madaxbannaan u taagan saf ah Fasalka 5aad (State Xildhibaanka / Foreman), aan ka mid ayan Guud mana saraakiishu ku qoran, waxay ay ahayd in racfaan soo socda - ". Your Honor"

Waa Darajooyin, inkasta oo aan si gaar ah ku xusan, la siiyo si gaar ah ragga. Xaaska u dhaqmaan si waafaqsan nimankooda falan iyo gabdhaha la qabin ayaa loo arkaa dhowr fasalada hoose wixii awowayaashood ay ku. Sidoo kale barayaa caadiga ah sida uu sheegay oo baahida loo qabo meelo iyo sharaf ku xusan uu darajo lagu jiro kulannada rasmi ah iyo dabaaldegyada dadweynaha halleeyeen wanaagsan, oo wuxuu u dhigmaa mushaarka laba bilood ah ee qofka, taas oo 2/3 of lacagta loo baahan yahay si aad u hesho warbixiye ah. rigoore oo kale waxa lagu soo rogay for shaqo ee qofka darajo hoose your site. Naaftaadu, shaqaale, hab nololeed - wax walba waa in uu ahaadaa si waafaqsan darajo qabsadeen.

Saraakiisha ciidamada Xulasho Peter aan

Peter waxaan, ku nuuxnuuxsaday dhan Hunguriyeeyn Darteed dagaal rayid ah, ma doonayaan in ay qarka u saaran qof ee adeegga madaniga ah, saraakiisha ku habboon fasalka ugu horeysay. Laakiin, aaminsiiyey by Osterman, u dhigantaa in darajo sharafta diblomaasiyadeed Chancellor (oo madax ka ah adeeg diblomaasiyadeed), waxa uu.

Rank fasalka ku jira Xildhibaanka ayaan la aasaasay ka dib oo kaliya. Peter doorashada ayaa lagu muujiyay in xaqiiqda ah in haddii ciidanka la darajo ah ee fasalka 14-gaari ku abtirsan dhaxlo, adeegga madaniga ah - oo kaliya horyaalka ee Collegiate Qiimeeyaha (Darajada 8, sarkaalka madaxa darajo). Laga bilaabo 1856 ahaa si aad u hesho darajo guud ee loo baahan yahay, waayo, taasu, in uu yahay si ay u noqdaan xildhibaanka gobolka dhabta ah.

Tilmaan saaraysa sidoo kale waa darajo aad u hooseeya (xitaa ma guud ee), kaas oo lahaa madaxweyne guddiga, "Gobolka", in uu yahay, wasiirka fikradaha Yurub.

Wasiirada Ka dibna waxa loo diyaariyey saf ah taliyaha qarsoodi ah iyo la taliyaha dhabta qarsoon.

Saamaynta ay ku leedahay bulshada iyo dadkii ku abtirsan ah

Iyadoo hordhaca ah ee sharciga this qadiimiga kaalinta (ka timi, gobta) aysan si rasmi ah u dhammaan doonto, laakiin waxa uu tan iyo markii uu joojiyay ay u socdeenna. "Table of Darajooyin" saamayn weyn on qaddar taariikhiga ah ee ku abtirsan ah, iyo sidoo kale jadwalka rasmiga ah. Kaliya guusha shakhsi ahaa jaangooyaha kaliya ee bixinta adeegyada. Sirdoonka, "sharaf aabbanimada" ayaa laga badiyay macnaha oo dhan ee arrintan la xiriira. Tani waa ahmiyaddii weyn taariikhiga ah ee dokumentigan sida "Table of Darajooyin" in Saarka Russia.

By maxkamadda iyo adeegga madaniga ah ayaa kala military. helitaanka abaalmarinta abtirsan Boqortooyada, guusha shakhsiyeed waxaa la sharciyeeyay. Arrintan ayaa saameysey oo dhan abtirsan on dimuqraadiyada, xoojinta of hawl ah ee uu dabeecadda, iyo sidoo kale heerka fasalka kooxo cusub - Personal oo waxaannu ku degnay.

hoose darajo fasal ee ciidanka (14 fasal, Fendrick, iyo ka dib, la 1730kii - calan) isla markiiba la siiyey xaq u leeyihiin inay helaan abtirsan jiilal dhan. Later, Maanafesto ee 1845, wuxuu bilaabay inuu siiyo oo kaliya fasalka 8aad, iyo in adeegga madaniga ah - 5aad.