Tagil saxaarad, taariikhda, sharaxaad iyo xiiso leh xaqiiqooyinka

In da'da this of horumar deg deg ah oo xawaare sare, horumarinta qalabka korontada iyo Internet-xawaaraha sare, tiro sii kordhaysa oo muwaadiniinta looga baahan yahay nasasho ka dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo nolol maalmeedka. waxay doonayaan in ay aayo-ka sida quruun diraa fikirrada inaad wax ka barato caadooyinka iyo dhaqamada awowayaashayo. waxay doonayaan inay xaqiijinta in aanan waxba qaban kicisaa ay caanka ah ee alaabta handmade. ay dib ugu noqonayaan aasaaska ah, waxaannu u jeesanaynaa dadka farsamada gacanta. Mid ka mid ah goobaha cajiib ah oo dhaqan Ruush qadiimiga ah waa Tagil saxaarad.

ilo taariikhiga ah

saddex boqol ka badan sano taariikhda uu leeyahay fanka dad this. Waxaa dib u tuulo iyo tuulada in Urals tagaa. Marka saxaarad ugu horeysay bir ah, lagu qurxiyey farshaxankiisa, wax aan macquul aheyn in la yidhaahdo. Meel ee ceeryaan waqti lumay magacyada fannaaniinta, siiyey kor u this farshaxanka, kalluumaysiga, caan Russia Weyn.

taariikhda rasmiga ah Tagil saxaarad bilaabmaa ku daqiijin jireen bir ah qoyska Demidov ah. In dhexe ee qarnigii XVIII ka, soo saarka, kuwaas oo ay bilaabeen ridaya steel in Nizhny Tagil (1725), iyo Nevyansk Vyisky (1722). By sanadka 70aad ee qarnigii la mid ah, sida laga soo xigtay taariikhda, kalluumaysiga ee ballaarinaya iyo foomamka tumaal ah xirfad gaar ah, xabagta okovschik.

All qarnigii XVIII horumarinta ganacsiga - qarnigii a Ranjiilayaasha Hudoyarovyh. Ranjiilayaasha Icon ka ab dhowr, Vavila walaalihiis iyo Fedor gaaray farsamooyinka muhiimka ah ee rinjiyeynta, varnishing iyo astaamo decoration ee decoration ee alaabta guriga, baakidh, laabta, maacuunta. Tani waa waxa sayidyadooda ku Tagil saxaarad waajib rinjiyeynta farsamo "tsyr" - aasaaska dahabka deeqsinimo ka buuxsamay jeeda midab. Ka dib markii solidification qalab dahab ah oo khafiif ah si meesha looga saaro lakabka sare, dhalaya qaababka aan caadi ahayn. Fanaaniinta iyo war abuurashadoodii waxaa u sabab ah "varnish crystal" caadi ahayn oo hufan iyo kulaylka u adkaysta. Rinji on amarka baakidh iyo maacuunta Demidov waxyaalaha loo soo diray in daaraha waaweyn oo labadii taaj Ruush.

talinaysay ee kalluumaysiga

dhamaadka XVIII - bilowgii qarnigii XIX ee - mudada talinaysay ee kalluumaysiga. Waxa loo yaqaan qarnigii of School Demidov ah, kaas oo la hadal dambe. Demidov lagu wareejiyay ah farsamada qoyska shaqsi ee xirfadle, track a warshadaha. Gaariyo rinji sanduuqyada dahabka, iyo maddiibad sonkorta, baakidh, sanduuqyada iyo alaabo kale oo guriga ka yeellay "magaalada buurta" in, sida ay u yeedheen Nizhnetagilskye, u baxay inuu Irbit iyo Macarius cadaalad ah, oo waxaa ka Nizhny Novgorod, Central Asia iyo Europe. Waxa uu ahaa da 'ah oo dahab ah oo ah horumarinta kalluumeysiga ah.

Hoos u dhaca iyo nooleenta

Laga soo bilaabo bartamihii qarnigii XIX ah, la dhalashada ee warshadaynta, bilaabay hoos u dhac ah ee farsamada gacanta iyo ku dhowaad dhammaan farsamada gacanta. Xawliga dardar nolosha waxaa lagu qasbay in la siiyo ilaa handmade wanaagsan, waxaa badalay by fududeeyay, foomamka aad u stylized. oo ildheer oo gacanta siinaya si ay warshadaha, si faahfaahsan asalka fiican badalay Stencil ah.

By sannadihii 20-aad ee sii raagayaan ee sayid iskaashatooyinka yar sida "Shaqaalaha" iyo qarnigii XX nolosha kalluumaysiga "Red Dawn." baakidh handmade yiqiin ahaayeen sheegan in Soviet Russia, si ay u loo soo diray inay Bariga Dhexe iyo Shiinaha.

jasiiradda Kaliya Tagil kalluumaysiga podnosnogo weli isweydaarsiga ah ee enamelware ah warshad Nizhny Tagil.

Tan iyo markii ay 90s ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, Zaman ee Manhajkooda iyo horumarinta ganacsiga yaryar, laga bilaabo a farsamada gacanta kaca illoobay gaabis ah oo joogto ah. Nooleenta ayaa abuuray gacanta u gaar ah Iskaashatooyinka rinji iyo fanaaniinta iskaashatooyinka.

Ranjiilayaasha School Demidovs

About dugsiga Demidovs u baahan tahay inaad gooni u sheeg, maxaa yeelay, waxay ahayd iyada oo guri ammaan sayidkooda sida Dubasnikovy, Chausova, Kaygorodova iyo Perezolovy na siiyey.

Ganacsatada Demidov ahaayeen ogyahay in wax ugu weyn ee kalluumaysiga ah - footage this. Taasi waa ujeedada waxbarasho iyo tababar xirfadeed, waxay asaasay dugsiga ee 1806, kaas oo lagu casuumay in ay baro waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee rinjiyaynta graduate ah Academy Imperial ee Arts VI Albycheva.

Dugsiga ayaa muddo afar sano ah bartay wiilasha oo kaliya, laga bilaabo 12 jir. Laakiin wax soo saarka weli waa yaraanta shaqaalaha soo maray. Markaasay waxay ka bilaabeen in ay qaataan gabdhaha dugsiga iyo haweenka. Waxa xiiso leh, Demidov sida niyad ah oo raba in ay bartaan in ay "ku qor badan," waxaa ka mid ahaa kor u qaadida haweenka qaab cishood ah marooyin yaryar. Tartiib tartiib abuuraya baakidh rinji galo gacmaha naagta, sida uu yahay kiiska maanta.

dugsiga ayaa saameyn wayn ku saabsan horumarinta kalluumaysiga sidii laan ka mid ah tahay. Tagilskaya rinji baakidh si tartiib tartiib ah keensataa dhaqan u gaar ah.

Soon on sheyga uu bilaabo inuu "u magooli doonaa" dhab Tagilskaya kacay - ubax calaamad sanado badan waxa uu noqday shakhsiyaynta ee kalluumaysiga ah.

Tagil saxaarad - a sawir-baakidh, faahfaahinta dhegeysiga afeysan iyo rinjiyeynta saafi ah, daaha ka waysay mythological oo taariikhi ah.

Tartiib tartiib loo horumariyo on nooc ka kala weji duwan tahay riveted. bir sheet Jaantuska, naqshadaha, Xuubabkoodu iyo xubno ka fiican, abuuray by gacmaha sancaynta, wuxuu noqday saldhig u tahay ee rinjiyeynta. Sayidka waxaa la abuuray Tagil saxaarad.

rinjiyeynta Tagil horumaray iyo gaar ah - farsamo ee brushstroke double. Isla mar ahaantaana la aasaasay iyo isbedelka weyn ee waysay ah.

qarsoodi varnish

Hudoyarovyh guri ammaan xamuurada been qarsoodi ah Joogaba, ku kala diri ee copal dhuuqi jiray, geedaha saliid hemp iyo geed dhuuqi jiray. Si ka duwan qabow lacquering bari, hab degdeg ah u codsatay kulul (heerkulka a of 300 degrees) daahan. Walxaha ku daray xabagta hogaanka iyo manganese - xamuurada noqday rinjiga hufan iyo cabdo. qarsoon oo uu marna dillaac.

Waa maxay Tagil saxaarad?

Saxanka sameeyey oo sii wadi inuu u sameeyo siminaaro ka. Beddelidda technology, laakiin xataa maanta waxay shaqo hal abuur leh buuga - saleysan kalluumaysiga.

Habka jediyay la sameeyo qaab saxaarad iyo daboolay ciidda laba jeer ka dibna dhaldhalaalka madow. Ka dib markii qalajinta preform waa soo gudubtaa gacmaha artist galay, ka dibna ornamentarista. Ka dib markii rinjiyaynta sheyga la dahaadhey.

kalluumaysiga oo casri ah

Abuur shuqullada tahay in xarunta of farshaxanka dad Nizhny Tagil iyo farsamada. Alaabooyinka sharci ahaan la ilaaliyo by shatiyada. Tagil saxaarad mar walba soo jiidata fanaaniinta shisheeye iyo kuwa aruuriya. Saaxiriinta qayb bandhigyo iyo Xaraashyada ee Russia iyo fog ka baxsan xuduudka ay qaadan. Museum of Nizhny Tagil iyo Yekaterinburg ku faraxsanahay ururinta baakidh Tagil hodan, kaas oo la soo bandhigay ee Maraykanka, France, Poland iyo dalalka kale.

Waa maxay Tagil saxaarad, maanta loo yaqaan meel ka durugsan soohdimaha dalka. Works of sayid iyo Hudoyarovyh Dubasnikovyh - luul exposures matxafyada Ruush iyo ururin gaar ahaaneed. waxyaabaha Tagilskoye la soo bandhigay hadiyad ahaan u amiirradii iyo ciqaab. Kala Tagil "lakernaya" rinjiyeynta - tusaale gaarka ah ee farshaxanka dad, kuwaas oo ka soo degtay, in maalmood our, iyo sii wadaan in ay la yaab iyo kuwii ku caashaqi jiray farxaa of abuurka asalka ah.