The cathode iyo anode ah - midnimada iyo halgan ee isku lidka ah

The cathode iyo anode - labada qaybood ee habka: socodka hadda korontada. qalabka oo dhan waxa loo qaybin karaa laba nooc - kirishbooyada ah, dhisme, taas oo xad-dhaaf ah oo badan oo electrons xor ah oo dielectrics (taas oo ah electrons free leeyihiin dhow).

Fikradda ah ee hadda korontada

hadda Electric - waa dhaqdhaqaaq habsami walxaha walxaha lagu eedeeyay in qaab dhismeedka sarkhaansan stress electromagnetic. Haddii codsatay in kaari ee danab DC, ee electrons free isagoo amar diidmo doono xagga anode ah (koronto ku wanaagsan eedeeyay) ee cathode ah (koronto si xun u eedeeyay) dhaqaaqo habsami leh. hadda sida duuli doona dhinaca dambe. cathode A iyo anode ah - laba electrodes, oo u dhexeeya, taas oo la aasaasay qarkiisa (farqiga) of stress electromagnetic.

Kirishbooyada iyo insulators

Kirishbooyada iyo insulators noqon karaa adke hoor iyo walxaha gaseous. Waa aanu socodka hadda korontada macno ah ma. codsiga daba dheeraaday ee danab ku electromagnetic in wax at cathode ah ayaa la abuuri doonaa xad dhaaf ah electrons ee anode iyo - ay yaraanta. Haddii danab waxaa laga codsadaa dheer oo ku filan, qaabka wax ka kaas oo la sameeyey anode ah, electrons ka baxsan wada xiran doonaa atamka iyo wax ka bilaabaa inuu kiimikaad fal la walxaha kiimikaad ahaan firfircoon ka deegaanka. Nidaamkan waxaa loo yaqaan electrolysis.

electrolysis

The cathode iyo anode in electrochemistry laba ulaha lagu dabaqo xal saline ama dhalaali of a danab electromagnetic joogto ah. Marka an electron ka anode hadda xad-dhaaf ah uu bilaabo inuu dumiyo, i.e., isu wanaagsan eedeeyay atamka walax dhici doonaan marmar (deegaanka) iyo wareejiyay cathode meesha deebaajiga foom la safeeyey. Nidaamkan waxaa loo yaqaan electroplating. Isticmaalka electroplating dahaarka leh kula lakabka khafiif ah oo zinc, copper, dahab, iyo lacag, iyo macdanaha kale, alaabooyin kala duwan.

Waa maxay cathode ah, iyo waxa ay tahay hawlaha in ay u qabata electrolysis? Waxa loo fahmi karaa marka tallaabooyinka soo socda: haddii aad ka dhigi anode ah oo naxaas ah ama qasacad sameeyey, ka dibna soo baxay ee cathode ah guddiga circuit, daboolay lakabka khafiif ah oo qasacad ama copper (isticmaalo warshadaha ee electronic). By habka isku mid, dahab qufilan ah, aluminium copper-u guntaday iyo xataa boosteejada dahab qufilan, waayo, injineernimada korontada si loo wanaajiyo conductivity korontada.

Jawaabaha su'aalaha waxa anode iyo cathode lagu jiro electrolysis waa wax iska cad: anode ah iyadoo ay sabab u socodka ah ee hadda si toos ah iyada oo marmar ah waa la wada baabbi'iyey, oo cathode helo wax anode ah. Xitaa dheer noocan oo kale ah asalkiisu ka soo jeedo ee dhexdhexaad ah electroplating ah - "anodizing cathode ah". macnaha Physical ma la qaban karaa, laakiin nuxurka dhabta ah ee su'aasha dhammaataan ka tarjumaysaa.

semiconductors

Semiconductors waa qalab kuwaas oo aan lahayn qaab-dhismeedka ka mid ah electrons xor ah oo qaaradda hayo meelaha ay xun. Haddii maaddadu ay tahay in gobolka oo ah dareere ama gaseous kaalinta duurka a magnetic, ka dibna u siin qallafin, ka dibna soo jeedin Semiconductor koronto habeysan, kuwaas oo qaadi doona hadda ah in hal jiho kaliya. Laga soo bilaabo tan qalab, isticmaalka hantida kor ku xusan, ka dhigi dioska- ah. Waxay ka mid yihiin laba nooc:

a) «pnp» conductivity;

b) «npn» a conductivity.

In dhaqanka, fineness ee qaab-dhismeedka diode waa ku tacaluqda. Waxaa muhiim ah in si sax ah ku xidhmaan diode ku circuit korontada. Halkee anode ah, halkaas oo cathode ah - su'aal in badan yaabay. diode wuxuu leeyahay qormo gaar ah, ama A iyo K, ama + iyo -. Waxaa suurto gal ah in ay ku xidhmaan diode siyaabo laba oo kaliya in ay circuitry DC. In mid ka mid ah kiiska, diode wanaagsan samayn doontaa hadda, iyo in kale - ma doono. Sidaa darteed, waa in aad qaadato qalabka, kaas oo si cad u ogaato meesha ka cathode iyo anode meesha, iyo xerto diode ah. Haddii qalabka muujinaysaa joogitaanka ee hadda ah, diode waxaa si fiican u xiran. Sidaa awgeed, ka qalab iyo cathode ee cathode diode iyo anode qalab iyo anode ee diode ah ayaa lagu toosiyaa. Haddii kale, waxaad u baahan tahay in la beddelo qodobbada xira.

1. Haddii diode ma mari hadda labada dhinac, in la gubay, waxa lama hagaajin karo.

2. Haddii on lid ku ah, Reeves, uu feeray. Waa in la tuuraa.

Hubisay dioska- tijaabiyeyaal iyo tusaalada ah. In cathode diode iyo anode waxaa dhab ah ku lifaaqan ay dil on wax ka duwan ilaha galvanic xoog (baytariyada, baytariyada iyo P. sidaas on.).

Cathode in xubno Semiconductor ah (dioska-) waa koronto korontada circuit (lugta), kaas oo ah (+) iman kara wanaagsan. Iyada oo circuit waxaa ku xiran in ka iman kara a korontada xun. Sidaa awgeed, hadda ee diode Semiconductor si toos ah qubanayo jihada ka anode si cathode ah. On wareeggeedii korontada calaamad iyo tilmaamay farsameeyo.

Haddii mid ka mid lugta ah diode ah (koronto) xiran danab talantaalli ah, koronto labaad, waxaan aad u hesho garaaca wadnaha bar-Culumida togan ama taban. Haddii aad ku xidhan laba dioska- in buundada, waxaan dhawri doonaa hadda ku hagaajin korontada waa ku ool ah si joogto ah.

Ilo Galvanic DC - batari (batari)

The cathode iyo anode in wax soo saarka, kuwaas oo kala rogay ku xiran tahay jihada hadda korontada, sababtoo ah mid ka mid kiiska iyaga danab yimaado, oo iyagu sabab u ah falgalka kiimikada yihiin ilaha DC. Halkan waxaa jiri doona saxan negative koronto iyo positive - cathode. Xaaladdan oo kale, in accumulator ku dhacdaa habka electrolysis caadiga ah.

Marka batari la saaray iyo reaction kiimikada, taas oo u adeegi jireen sida il of qulqul koranto joojin, waa in la buuxin by il dibadeed ah awoodda. Sidaas darteed, waxa aan bilaabay socodka ah ee electrolysis, ie soo celiyo hantida asalka ah ee batteriga galvanic. cathode batari waa in la codsadaa dacwad xun, iyo anode - waa positive, ka dibna batteriga la buuxin doonaa.

Sayidka, jawaabta su'aasha ah ee sida si ay u qeexaan cathode iyo anode ah ee gacanta galvanic, waxay ku xiran tahay xukun ama waa il sahayda hadda korontada.

gunaanad

Sida summation ee ku qorani, cathode ah - waa koronto ku saabsan taas oo ay jirto xad dhaaf ah electrons, iyo anode ah - waa koronto ku saabsan taas oo ay jirto gabaabsi ah electrons. Laakiin daray ama laga gooyay on circuitry element koronto gaar qeexay jihada socodka hadda.