Triac: mabda'a, codsiga, qalab iyo maamulka shaqada

From maqaalkan, waxaad ku baran doonaa waxa triac ah, mabda'a ah hawlgalka qalab this, iyo sidoo kale muuqaalada ay codsiga. Laakiin marka hore, waxaa xusid mudan in triac ah - waa isku mid sida in of thyristor ah (isku dheeli tiran oo kaliya). Sidaa darteed, ma aan samayn karo iyada oo aan maqaal uu ku tilmaamay mabda'a of hawlgalka thyristors iyo qaababka ay. aqoonta aasaasiga ah oo aan ma shaqayn doonaa si loo hindiso iyo in la dhiso xitaa qorshe ay gacanta ku fudud.

thyristors

thyristor waa bedesheen qalab Semiconductor, kaasoo kara inuu mari hadda ah in hal jiho kaliya. Waxaa badanaa loo yaqaan waalka ah oo u dhowow Tusaalayaashan iyo diode isteerinka u dhexeeya. In thyristor waxay leedahay saddex boosteejada, mid ka mid - koronto gacanta ah. Tani, si qallafsan ayuu u dhigay, badhanka by hab oo element Beddelashada in hab qaban ka. Maqaalka waxaa loo tixgelin doonaa kiis gaar ah a thyristor - triac - dhismaha iyo hawlgalka wareeggeedii kala duwan.

Thyristor - waa biiro rectifier iyo xataa kordhiyo signal a. Inta badan waxaa la isticmaalaa sidii gacanta (laakiin kaliya ee kiiska marka taararka oo dhan waxaa la quudiyey ka il danab AC). All thyristors yihiin muuqaalada qaar ka mid ah kuwaas oo u baahan in laga hadlo si faahfaahsan.

guryaha thyristors

Waxaa ka mid ah toban kun ah sifooyinka of element Semiconductor ku tilmaami karaa ugu weyn:

1. Thyristors sida dioska-, oo awood u leh qabashada koronto hal dhinac oo kaliya. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxay ka hawlgalaan circuit sida diode rectifier ah.
2. From OFF ee gobolka ON ee thyristor la turjumay waxa laga yaabaa by codsanaya signal a in koronto ay gacanta kula foom gaar ah. Sidaa soo gunaanaday - thyristor ku badalato sida ay jiraan laba dowladood (deggan labadaba). In si la mid ah iyo shaqeyn karaan triac ah. Mabda'a hawlgalka nooca elektaroonik ah oo muhiim ah oo ku salaysan waxa ay ku saabsan waa mid fudud ilaa xad. Laakiin si uu ugu caddeeyo dawladda asalka u furan laabto, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in xaaladaha qaarkood la buuxiyo.
3. The signal gacanta hadda, taas oo looga baahan yahay guurka crystal of thyristor ka mode qufulan si furan, meel fog ka yar shaqada (macno ahaan qiyaasay in milliamperes). Taas macnaheedu waa in thyristor leeyahay sifooyinka kordhiyo hadda.
4. Waxaa suurto gal ah in ay ganaaxaan qabsato celcelis ahaan hadda ku dhex maraya load a xiran, ay shardi tahay in load ku xiran yahay ee taxanahan la thyristor ah. Sax sixitaanka ku xiran tahay in dhererka signal gacanta koronto ah. Xaaladdan oo kale, thyristor u dhaqmo sida jaangooyaha xoog ah.

The thyristor iyo qaab-dhismeedka

Thyristor - waa element Semiconductor in uu leeyahay shaqo gacanta ah. crystal wuxuu ka kooban yahay afar lakab oo p iyo n nooc oo kale ah. In si la mid ah dhisay iyo triac. Mabda 'hawlgalka, codsiga, qaab-dhismeedka ka mid ah element iyo xadeynta isticmaalka waxaa loo tixgeliyaa si faahfaahsan ee maqaalka.

Qaab dhismeedka tilmaamay waxaa kaloo loo yaqaan afar ah. Qaab-dhismeedka deegaanka P-qarkiisa ku xiran darina terminal ka polarity wanaagsan ee il awoodeed ee, loo yaqaan anode ah. Sidaas awgeed, gobolka labaad ee n (oo sidoo kale xad-dhaaf ah) - waa cathode ah. waxaa Si waxaa laga codsadaa danab a korontada xun.

Waa maxay astaamaha thyristor ah

Haddii falanqaynta buuxda oo qaab-dhismeedka thyristor ah, waxaa suurtagal ah in la helo waxa ay saddexda guurka (electron-dalool) ee. Sidaas awgeed, Bannaanka u dhigma la abuuri karaa on transistors Semiconductor (horjeeda, bipolar, field) iyo dioska-, kaasoo u ogolaanaya in ay fahmaan dhaqanka thyristor marka gacanta awood koronto.

In kiiska halkaas oo anode waa qaraabo wanaagsan in cathode ah, diode xiran yahay iyo halkan thyristor ayaa sidoo kale la mid ah u dhaqmo. In the case of beddelo polarity ee labada thyristor dioska- u janjeedhaan waxaa sidoo kale xiran. Sidoo kale, Triac iyo hawlaha.

Mabda'a hawlgala ee faraha, dabcan, si ay u sharxaan ma aha mid aad u fudud, laakiin waxaan isku dayi doonaa si ay u sameeyaan on.

Sidee furayay thyristor

aad u baahan tahay in fiiro gaar ah u Bannaanka u dhiganta waxgarashada ee mabda'a of hawlgalka thyristor ah. Waxay ka kooban tahay waxaa laga yaabaa in laba transistors (transistors). Halkan on waana ku haboon si ay u eegaan nidaamka of toogashada thyristor. Waxay dejinaysaa qaar ka mid ah hadda oo mara koronto gacanta thyristor ah. Marka hadda waxaa loo mowjadda jihada weerarka. hadda waxaa loo arkaa qaab asaasi ah transistor ee p-n-p.

Sidaa darteed, ururiyaha hadda waxa ay noqon doontaa badan, wakhtiga (control loo baahan yahay qiimaha hadda by faa'iidada transistor waa tarmay) ah. Dheeraad ah, waxa loo arki karaa in qiimaha saldhigga hadda transistor labaad qaabka tabinta p-n-p, oo waxaa la quful. Sayidka hadda ururiyaha ee transistor labaad waa loo siman yahay si wax soo saarka oo ka mid ah guulihii of transistors oo gacanta hore horena hadda labada. Triacs (mabda 'hawlgalka iyo maamulka waxaa loo arkaa in maqaalka) leeyihiin guryaha la mid ah.

Dheeraad ah, hadda waa in la soo koobay iyadoo horay sheeg circuit gacanta ku hadda. Oo si sax ah u hesho qiimaha in aad rabto in aad sii transistor ugu horeysay ee state xidhin. Haddii ay sidaa tahay, markii ay gacanta ku hadda waa mid aad u weyn, laba transistors mar cokan. OS Gudaha sii si ay u ilaaliyaan oo ay conductivity xitaa marka hadda bilowga ah libidha at koronto gacanta. Isla mar ahaantaana at anode ee thyristor la ogaado qiimaha hadda si caddaalad sare.

Sida loo dami thyristor

guurka gobolka qufulan ee thyristor waa suurto gal ah in kiiska si ay gacanta koronto gacanta u furan aan ka dalbatay signal. Marka hadda this dhaco, si magnitude gaar ah, loo yaqaan hypostatically hadda (ama gabbasho hadda).

thyristor uu dansan yahay iyo haddii uu jiro jarida wareegi load ah. Or markii danab a waxaa laga codsadaa in Bannaanka (external) badala ay polarity. Tani waxay dhacdaa at Dhammaadka wareegga badh kastaba marka circuit la shaqeeya ka il AC ah.

Marka shaqada circuit thyristor DC, quful lagu fulin karaa by biiro fudud ama badhamada nooca farsamo. Waxaa isku xira in load ah ee taxanahan iyo waxaa loo isticmaalaa in de-firfircooni Bannaanka. Iyo mabda 'hawlgalka la mid ah jaangooyaha awood on triac ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah sifooyinka in Bannaanka.

Siyaabaha off thyristors

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ku biiro waa la xiran karaa in isku midka ah, ka dibna waxa ay u isticmaalaan si ay garab anode hadda ka dhacdaa, oo thyristor la wareejiyay gobolka qufulan. Qaar ka mid ah thyristors la demin karaa mar kale, haddii aad furi xiriirada biiro. Tani waxaa lagu sharaxi karaa xaqiiqda ah in inta lagu guda jiro furitaanka xiriirada capacitance Isgoyska thyristor ururtay lacag dulinka, oon ku abuuraya faragelin.

Sidaa darteed, waa la jecel yahay in la tuuro biiro sidaa darteed waa u dhexeeya cathode iyo koronto gacanta. Tani waxay xaqiijin doontaa in thyristor uu dansan yahay sida caadiga ah, oo hadda haysta waa la jari doonaa. Mararka qaarkood loogu talagalay iyo waxqabadka fiicnaaday iyo isku halaynta waxaa loo isticmaalaa halkii fure farsamo kaabayaal thyristor. Waxaa xusid mudan in shaqada of triac waa mid aad la mid ah hawlgalka SCRs.

triacs

Oo haatan u dhaw in ay mowduuca ee maqaalka - waa in la tixgeliyaa kiis gaar ah Thyristor - Triac. Mabda'a hawlgalka ay la mid tahay in loo arko inuu ka hor. Laakiin waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah kala duwanaanshaha iyo muuqaalada sifo. Sidaa darteed waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in laga hadlo waxa ku saabsan si faahfaahsan. triac waa qalab salka kaas oo ah crystal Semiconductor ah. Waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in nidaam in ka shaqeeyaan on talantaalli ah hadda.

Qeexidda fudud qalab this - biiro, laakiin maamuli karo. In gobolka qufulan, waxa ay si sax ah u shaqeeyo mid ah sida ku biiro furan. Marka signal ah waxaa laga codsadaa in koronto control of qalab triac ku dhacdaa guurka ah gobolka furan (mode tabinta) ah. Marka hawlgala hab this, waxaad sawiri kartaa isku midka ah la wareegto, kuwaas oo xiriir xiran yihiin.

Marka signal ka maqan yahay soo wareegi jiray gacanta, in mid ka mid ah muddooyinka qeybtii (hawlgala wareeggeedii AC) ma jiro kala-guurka ah oo ka triac ah hab Open ee gudaha. Triacs hubkaas ayaa loo isticmaalaa in hab Relay (tus, naqshadooda shido photosensitive ama qalabka). Laakiin waxay inta badan loo isticmaalaa in Hab kontaroolo in shaqeeyaan on mabaadi'da wajiga danab gacanta at load ka (nidaamiyo waa siman).

The qaab-dhismeedka iyo hawlgalka triac ah

Triac - waxba ma aha sida thyristor a symmetrical. Sidaa darteed, ku salaysan magaca, waxaannu ku tirinnaa karaa - waa fududahay in la badalo labada thyristors, kuwaas oo ka mid ah anti-isku midka ah. In jihada kasta waa awoodaa maraya hadda ah. At triac waxay leedahay saddex saarka ugu weyn - control, qeybinayay signalada iyo aasaasiga ah (anode, cathode), si ay u gudbin karaan hadda ka hawlgala.

Triac (mabda'a hawlgalka ee "caagagga" in element Semiconductor lagu siiyey in aad fiiro) waxaa la furay markii pin gacanta ku waa ugu yaraan loo baahan yahay qiimaha hadda. Ama haddii ay dhacdo marka labada electrodes kale ee kala duwan yihiin laga yaabo in ka badan qiimaha xadka.

Xaaladaha intooda badan, danab-dhaafka sababa triac la iska kiciyay markii Ilodanimada inayan ugu badan ee danab sahayda. guurka gobolka qufulan dhacdaa in ay dhacdo beddelo polarity ee hadda ka hawlgala ama hoos u heer ka hooseeya hayo hadda.

Sida loo furo triac ah

Marka laga dhaxe ee ku shaqeeya AC waa isbedel of hababka qalliinka by beddelo polarity ee danab at electrodes shaqeeya. Sababtan awgeed, waxay ku xiran tahay in polarity ee hadda gacanta, waxaad dooran kartaa 4 nooc oo ah hab this.

Qabtaan dhexeeya electrodes shaqeeya danab a waxaa laga codsadaa. danab gacanta koronto A calaamad of soo horjeeda in laga codsadaa in ay circuit anode ah. Xaaladdan oo kale, triac ku Rubuca wareeg - hawlgala mabda ', sida laga arki karaa, waa mid fudud ilaa xad.

Waxaa jira 4 rubuc, iyo mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxaa ka go'an ah in la sii daayo hadda, haynta, darista. Keebka hadda waa in lagu hayaa ilaa inta ilaa iyo inta aan ka badnayn doonaa dhowr jeer (2-3) waa qiimaha hayo hadda. In tani ay tahay hadda ee toogashada triac ah - ugu yaraan loo baahan yahay in la sii daayo hadda. Haddii aan laga takhaluso gacanta ku soo wareegi jiray hadda, triac waxay noqon doontaa in gobolka tabinta. Waxaa intaa dheer, in hab this waxa uu socon doonaa ilaa wakhtiga sida inta uu hadda ku soo wareegi jiray anode waa gabbasho hadda dheeraad ah.

Maxaa xayiraad ku soo rogeen yihiin marka la isticmaalayo Triac

Way adag tahay in la isticmaalo marka Xamuulka yeelista waa. Heerka isbedelka danab iyo hadda waa mid xaddidan. Marka triac ka badalato hab qufulan in la furo, waxaa jira hadda muhiim ah in circuit dibadda. Danab ma isla soo daadiyaa in boosteejada awoodda triac ah. awood A isla kori doono iyo gaadho qiimaha qaali. tamarta la ayuuna wixiisii, ay sabab u tahay meesha bannaan ee yar yar si weyn u kordhiyaa heerkulka Semiconductor ah.

In case of aad iyo aad u qiimaha muhiimka ah waa u baabba 'baraf, ay sabab u kaca xad dhaaf ah oo degdeg ah hadda. Haddii triac ah, taas oo ah xaalad qufulan, isticmaali xiisad ah oo u jarida in la kordhiyo, waxaa jiri doona furitaanka channel ah (in maqnaanshaha circuit gacanta a of signal ah). Tani waxay ifafaale oo laga dheehan karo sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in raasamaal amarka dhacdaa gudaha capacitance ee dulinka Semiconductor ah. Waxaa intaa dheer, kharash hadda waxay leedahay qiimaha ku filan in lagu furo triac ah.