Waa imisa biraha ugu qaalisan

Sannado badan ayaa soo maray tan iyo markaas, in 1869 D. I. Mendeleev soo bandhigay ay miiska dadweynaha ugu horeysay ee xubno ka kiimikada. Markaasaa maanta, dad badan oo caalamka ku dan su'aal aad u xiiso badan: "Maxaad u soo wac iyo inta waa bir ugu qaalisan dhulka?" Oo haddii dhagaxyo qaali ah ayaa la sameeyay matalaad dheeri ah ama ka yar aamin, ka dibna la aqoon ee xaaladda ay tahay mid ganacsi Biraha mid aad u xun. In yar ayaa awoodaan in ay magacaabi biraha ugu qaalisan noqon doonaa.

Sidaas daraaddeed, waa osmium isotope 1870s. In ku wareegsan nidaamka of Mendeleev ee biraha qaali ugu qaalisan waxa uu ku yaalaa at tirada 76. Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay in Osmium isotope - adkaa oo dhan walxaha ku jira aadanaha furan. Cajiib ah, laakiin cufnaanta ee biraha loo siman yahay 22,62 g / cc. Osmium kala duwan oo caraf pungent sifo oo lacag ah. Sababo la dabeecadihiisa jirka iyo kiimikada ee biraha loo isticmaalo warshadaha ee nuclear, wax soo saarka dahabka iyo dawooyinka.

Weli ka yaabban wixii waa bir ugu qaalisan shakhsi ahaan waxaan u dhowdahay inaan la arki karin. Waxa ay tahay in maanta, suuqa biraha ferrous halkii 1 garaam Osmium yeelan doonaan in ay bixiyaan lacag ka badan 200 kun. Doolar. The dhoofisaa rasmi ah ugu Osmium ahaa Kazakhstan, kuwaas oo sanadkii 2004 soo jeediyay in hal garaam oo ah qiimaha 10 000 $. ka Kazakhstan reebo, ma wadanka adduunka ugu bixisaa isotopes osmium, sababtoo ah geeddi-socodka lagu soo saarka waa hawl aad u adag. Birta helay calcining xoogga of platina at heerkulka of 900-1000 ° C.

Fikrad ahaan biraha ugu qaalisan - California 252. Sida of 2010, qiimaha 1 garaam of California waxa ay 6.5 milyan oo doolar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kaydka adduunka ee biraha ay tani tahay oo kaliya dhowr garaam, iyo laba dal oo keliya (Russia iyo USA) soo saaro oo ku saabsan 20-40 micrograms sanadkiiba. The guryaha jirka ah ee California ka sii badan yihiin cajiib ah: 1 oo keliya g waa inay awoodaan inay dhaadheer 2 million neutrons per labaad. Thanks to sifooyinka kuwan, biraha loo isticmaalo daweynta of burooyinka halista ah ee daawada, sida il dhibic of tiro badan oo ah neutrons ah.

Kale oo sharaf leh biraha waa platina. Oo haddii uusan sheegan horyaalka ee "biraha qaali ah ugu," qayb ka mid ah ay qaali 5 ugu badan. Haddii aynu eegno taariikhda, platina horeba miino ee 12-14 qarniyo, qabiilooyinka kuwaas oo ku noolaa in geedka kokaha. Waayo, dadka reer Europe, wuxuu hore u jiray qarniyadii 16-17th. horumarinta goobaha platina maanta ku hawlan yihiin 5 dal, USA, Russia, China, South Africa iyo Zimbabwe.

Inta badan soo saaro lacagta qadaadiicda platina, laakiin, ka duwan dahab iyo lacag, platina bilaabay inuu reexaanta ay xad dhawaan.

Birta ayaa si guul ah loo isticmaalo soo saaridda ee caafimaadka, farsamada ilkaha iyo laser. Waxay dabooli jirka ka mid ah maraakiibtooda quusta si ay u difaacaan daxalka.

warshadaha ee dahabka platina kale oo uu leeyahay qiimo sare.

Sida of January 1, 2013, celceliska qiimaha 1 garaam oo ah platina ku saabsan yahay $ 70. Ugu weyn ee suuqa iibka ayaa had iyo jeer Japan, laakiin maanta oo timir ah kalsooni wareegay Shiinaha.

By habka, sannad kasta warshadaha dahabka adduunka ee gubtay, in ka badan 50 tan oo platina, iyo xisaab Shiinaha ee ku saabsan 50% of iibka oo dhan.