Abashevskaya toy: sida loo sameeyo oo aad gacmihiinna

Waqtiyada oo dhan binu-aadmiga oo, laga bilaabo qabiilooyinka heer hoose ilaa maantadan la joogo, oo uu ku weheliyay alaabta lagu ciyaaro. Markii hore, kuwanu waxay ahaayeen figurines heer hoose ah ilaahyada in dadka caabudeen, laakiin si tartiib tartiib ah ay bilaabeen in ay horumariyaan iyo iyahoo sifo loogu talagalay carruurta.

Abashevskaya toy halkii "dhallinyarada", noocan ah ee farshaxanka dad sano keliya 200 jir ah, laakiin waxa uu leeyahay taariikh iyo "diiwaangelinta" gaar ah.

Taariikhda alaabta lagu dhoobo

Pottery xidido ku leeyahay ay Qarniyadii hore, si aad u ogaato kan markii ugu horeysay ee ku harta Qaabaynta dhoobo suxuunta bilaabay si ay u sameeyaan iyo tirooyin kariyaa, dadka iyo xayawaanka, waa wax aan macquul aheyn. alaabta lagu ciyaaro dhoobo Abashevskaya sidaas la odhan jiray sababta oo ah "asal ahaan" tuulada la mid ah degmada Spassky ee gobolka Penza ah.

tuulada Abashevo Inta badan qoysaska ku hawlan soo saaridda ee maacuunta, laakiin 12 beeraha ayaa la soo saaro alaabta baahida birta.

fanaaniinta Qaar ka mid ah isku hallaysay dhaqanka qadiimiga ah, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa jiray kuwa aan la dhalin noocyo cusub, kaas oo la kala qaado oo qoyska ka ab ka ab. toy Abashevskaya, taariikhda kaas oo si toos ah xiriir la leh taariikhda tuulada, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay "ku noolaan" ah iyo in ay ilaashadaan aqoonsiga ilaa maantadan la joogo.

Tuulada Abashevo

Inta badan dadka ku nool tuulada hogaansamey Mu'miniinta Hore. Ka fogaanshada xidhiidhka la gaalada, schismatics doortay views iyo farsamada dadka, taas oo xadidi karaa baaxadda bulshada. Waxay ahaayeen xeerarka arrin adag in qoro fogaado gaalo, labada heer ee xidhiidhka shakhsiga ah iyo sifooyinka qoyska.

Diintooda ka muuqataa foorida ah, "card" taas oo uu noqday toy ah foomka Abashevskaya deerada sare sida Sallaan xagga samada, oo geesaheeduna. Inta badan ujeedadii figurines dhoobo xoolaha ahaayeen kuwa tiimbashada xumaanta, kuwaas oo tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore, waayo, Slavs ah calaamad dhinacyada kala duwan ee nolosha,

• shimbir - waa nasiib wacan, farxad,
• faras calaamad qorraxda;
• Bear - xoog, xoog iyo itaal,
• oo ido ah iyo sac - calaamad u ah bacriminta,
• Deer - faro badan.

Abashevskaya toy (photo waxay ka tarjumaysaa) waxaa inta badan lagu sameeyaa by sayid dadka, ku tilmaamay habdhaqanka qoraaga dunida. Tusaale ahaan, marwada calaamad gabdhaha doqon magaalooyinka ee koofiyadaha funny, iyo ratio ee maamulka waxaa inta badan lagu sameeyaa sida tiradaasi oo ah askari bilays ah, ama nin bilays ah. Haddii ay ku jireen gacantii reer shimbiraha, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in maamulka waa tuugag.

In qarnigii 20aad Abashevskaya toy uu noqday sidaas oo caan ah in bandhigyo ay la qabtay ma aha oo kaliya in Moscow laakiin sidoo kale London iyo Paris.

muuqaalada kala Abashevo alaabta lagu ciyaaro

Foomka A gaarka ah ee alaabta lagu tuulada Abashevo si deg deg ah iyaga kala ka daraasiin noocyada kala duwan ee farsamada gacanta by rag saaniciin ah laga sameeyey meelo kale. jirka ifafaalaha iyo qoorta sineyn dheer leh xayawaanka yar madaxa ahaayeen epitome reer sayid yaab dunida Larion Zotkina. In qarnigii 20aad, waxaa horay si buuxda u sameeyay sida qaabka iyo midabka ee dudochek dhoobo Abashevo.

Inkastoo "geesiyaal" oo dhan Abashevo sayid arrin la garan karo, waxa uu leeyahay qaar ka mid ah muuqaalada cajiib ah:

• jirka elongated xoolaha sineyn si tartiib ah ayaa lugaha gaaban ballaaran marka laga reebo,
• qoorta qaro weyn dheer ku dhammaadaan madaxa yar;
• si fiican oo qoto dheer ka gooyay by isha;
• madaxa orgi, deerada, dibi iyo wan weyn kasoo muuqday, oo geesaheeduna inta badan multi-heer;
• Khadadka cad garaacaa, Kenenisa Bekele oo gadhku.

In foomka Abashevskaya toy dheeraad ah sida rinjiyeynta dhagax weyn, marka dadkii hore ayaa weli kaliya barashada si gudashada dunida iyada oo sawir. geeso Animal astaan geedka nolosha, oo dabadoodana waxay yihiin furitaanka meesha aad rabto podudet in toy bilowdeen "hadlaan." Masters of Muuqaallo Abasheva marnaba farshaxan uga noqdeen nolosha, ma siiso dhaqdhaqaaqa farsamada gacanta. Oo kulligoodna waxaa lagu adag "taagan" on lugaha, turjumaya xididdada xoog leh Hooyo Earth.

Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in noocan ah tahay dad waxaa ku urursan mid tuulo, aasaas u ah ee sayid dhaxaysay qarniyadii uu dhigay.

sayid qoyskii Abashevo

Zotkin guri ammaan, ee sayid ugu damaashaaday ee alaabta lagu dhoobo, wuxuu bilaabay inuu Akinfy Frolovich, ku dhashay 1883kii, oo uu walaalkiis Larion. dhaleen ay nool yihiin maanta iyo sii wadi dhaqanka awowayaashood.

Waxaa Larion Zotkin in 20-30s siiyey nolosha Abashevo toy "cusub". Tuulada xataa ayaa abaabulay Guild pottery. Shuqulkiisa sameeyay saleysan shuqullada taabacsan. toy Abashevskaya (photo waxay muujinaysaa) wuxuu leeyahay museum u gaar ah, laakiin ma aha oo kaliya in soo bandhigaa uu tuulada hooyo shaqeeya guri ammaan Zotkin. Waxay ka mid yihiin matxafyada in Penza, Sergiyev Posad iyo ururin gaar ahaaneed.

Waxaa ka mid ah magacyada kale ee caanka ah Zuzenkovyh guri ammaan, Malyshev, Eskin, Nagaeva iyo kuwa kale. Qarni kasta oo cusub ayaa keenay aragtida suuradda alaabta lagu Abashevo.

dhoobo Diyaari

Ka hor inta fikirka toy Abashevo sida indha la 'u baahan yahay fiiro gaar ah in la siiyo diyaarinta dhoobada loo isticmaalo. Qarnigii 19-saarka ee fasalada loo baahan yahay ee dhoobo waxaa inta badan la socda halis ku ah nolosha. Waxaa la diyaariyey ee xilliga qaboobaha leh stock ah muddo bilo ah.

Maanta, dhoobada laga qaadi karaa meeshii laga soo qoday, ama ka iibsan dukaanka. Haddii dhoobo meel ee ay wax soo saarka, iyada oo aan lagu daro dardaro, waa in la hor-qalajiyey. Intaas ka dib, dhoobada waa dhulka, ay ka saareen nijaasta ahaa, iyo qasi jiray biyo in cabirku yahay 1/3.

Waxaa muhiim ah in mass la helay oo aan buurbuur. wax la badhxay waa laga tegi waayo, wakhti ciid iyo nijaasta kale degaan gunta weelka.

Sayidka dhoobo la Daahiriyey u baahan tahay in wax yar ka hor inta ayna dhumuc weynaadaan heerka imtixaanka for ravioli ah, ka dibna si taxadar leh oo cajiin gacmaha, ay ka saareen hawada xad-dhaaf ah. Si aad u hubiso diyaar dhoobo in ay ka shaqeeyaan, waxa uu tusinayaa roll "bolse" iyo gacnta si tartiib ah in kabo faras ah. Haddii iyadu ma siin dildilaac, waxa aad bilaabi kartaa Tusaale fiican.

alaabta lagu ciyaaro Qaabaynta Abashevo

Maanta, mid ka mid ah jidadka horumarinta xirfadaha dhaq gacmahaaga, male iyo xiisaha farsamada dad carruurta waa inuu baro inay sculpt figurines dhoobo iyo dhoobo. Laga bilaabo la kids "canjeelada" ugu fudud oo la fahmi karo iyo "bolse" dhoobo ka sameeyey, oo aad ku tusin kartaa sida loo sculpt marxaladaha toy Abashevo:

• Clay oo cajiintay faraha iyada la kulaalo wax oo la siiyo barti.
• Laga soo bilaabo buro dhoobo in uu hirgaliyo a "bolse" la qaro weyn ah, sida dhammaadka karooto a.
• qaybta dhumuc weyn ee insert bannaan ilaa dhexe ee ay size soo koobay block alwaax, kaas oo ka tagi doono bannaan oo gudaha alaabta lagu ciyaaro ee loo baahan yahay dhamaatay.
• qaybta sare ee isqaloocinta bar dhoobo workpiece ah - waxa uu noqon doonaa qoorta xayawaanka kaas oo dhamaadka yar doorsoon xakame.
• Laga soo bilaabo jirridda in meesha laga saaro birta, fashion lugaha yar qarada waaweyn, iyo "dabada" si jiid ah tuubooyinka afka.
• Samee godad dhinacyadiisa ee jirka si biibiile ooriyay

Waxaad leenahay karaa goo'go ma aha oo kaliya indhaha, laakiin sidoo kale "dhogor", xakame, isku sharraxdid kala duwan. Carruurta waaweyn sculpt karo gees oo iyaga u gaar ah, kids fudud si ay u bilaabaan la eyda iyo bisadaha, taas oo ay yaqaanaan. toy a noocan oo kale ah waa mid xiiso leh in la sameeyo, ma aha oo kaliya in ay ilmaha. Dad badan oo waaweyn ayaa bilaabay in ay ka qayb qaataan in farshaxanka pottery, noocyada, kaas oo waa toy Abashevskaya.

Cayrinta iyo rinjiyeynta

Ka dib markii wax soo saarka ayaa la qalajiyey, waa in la hoos geliyey wax calcination. The sayid jir ah loo isticmaalo this Foornooyinka gaar ah - foornada wareega tiradii lebenkii oo madax adkaadeen. Cabbirka caadiga ah Foornooyinka, kuwaas oo ahaa 1.5 m ee width iyo 2 m ee height, iyo mar Abashevo ee ku dhow kasta yard abuurtay maalin gubay inay sameeyaan suxuunta ama alaabta lagu ciyaaro oo xoog leh oo waarta.

Si aad alaabta lagu ciyaaro aan dillaac, firdhadka ay obkladyvali, iyo cunto kariyaha ay berri la geedkii ama qoryo bjørk. Ka dib markii rasaas, marxaladda soo socota, taas oo lagu qabtay toy Abashevskaya - midabayn. Waxaa lagu gartaa aqoonsan cayn kasta oo ah rinjiyeynta - alaabta dhamaystirtay waxaa lagu daboolayaa lakabka adag ee midabada monochrome dhalaalaya. Masters of qarnigii 19aad isticmaalo glaze ah, laakiin tan waxaa jiray rinjiga saliid, maray iyaga.

Lakabka dahaarka leh ee rinjiga saliid, engegeen tirooyinka, ka dibna la rinjiyeeyay iyo xubno yar oo tallaabadii u dambaysay ayaa dahaarka leh kula varnish. Iyada oo agaa of baahida loo qabo dhaldhalaalka for varnishing waayay.

In dubo pottery casriga ahi waa mid dhakhso iyo ammaan weyn ee wax soo saarka ah, iyo dhoobada la isticmaalayo, iibsaday dukaamada qaaska ah, ma jirto wax badan ka sahlan in la fahmo sida loo sameeyo toy Abashevo gacmahooda.

Museum Abashevo

Iyada dadaalka dunida iyo fanaaniinta maanta ku nool Abashevo, guriga hore Zotkin diyaarin museum ee alaabta lagu Dhoobo. ururinta waxaa ka mid ah waxyaabaha sida sayid of 19 - ka qarnigii 20-kii hore, iyo kuwa ay soo saaraan alaabta lagu ciyaaro ee beerta, oo mar dambe warshada.

Nooleenta Abashevo kalluumaysiga

alaabta lagu ciyaaro si gaar ah loogu Abashevo fund nooleynta qaadataa daryeelka of dhaqan in ka mid ah sayid jir ah ayaa ku nool. Foundation ayaa dhalinyarada ku dhiirigalinayaan in ay qaataan xiisaha ay noocan ah tahay, kaas oo la furay waaxda cusub ee College Spassky ah - ". Dhoobada takhasus"