Acid sulfuric xoog wax soo saarka warshadaha

Guulaha ee warshadaha kiimikada ee dunida casriga ah ee maanta in la abuuro walxaha iyo qalab cusub, iyadoo la isticmaalayo noocyo kala duwan oo kiimiko ah. Mid ka mid ah tusaale ahaan la isugu kartaa acid sulfuric, taas oo ah mid caadi ah in industry kiimikada.

acid sulfuric isagoo H2SO4 caanaha, waa dareere ah oo aan joogta Baankeegga midabka, taas oo ku dul gaarey 10,4 ° C waxaa beddelay tiro crystalline adag. Xoog sulfuric acid ka kooban yahay 96,4% SO4, iyo cufnaanta waa mid aad u sarreeya iyo gaaro 1.87 g / cm, taasoo keentay in 1 litir oo undiluted sulfuric acid culeyskiisu ku saabsan 2 kg. Waxaa xusid mudan in haddii acid waa la kala diri ee biyaha, heerkulkiisa waxaa u kordhay, tan iyo falcelinta dhexdeeda xaddi weyn oo hydrates. Hantidaan waxaa cajiib ah waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalaa in walxaha kala duwan iyadoo ay sabab u kordhay heer-kulka biyaha oo keliya ma aha, laakiin cabitaanno kale.

Xoog sulfuric acid waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa dheecaan ka gaasas, tan iyo markii ay uu awood u si uu u nuugo labo ka mid ah cabitaanno kala duwan. hantida la mid ah waxaa sabab u ah, kabida of qaar ka mid ah walxaha organic, gaar ahaan carbohydrates, xiriir la acid ah. Xaqiiqada ah in carbohydrates ku jira hydrogen iyo oxygen in saamiga la mid ah sida H2SO4 ah, taasoo keentay in xiriir of walxahan waxay sulfuric acid ururiya ee carbohydrates biyaha, carbon la sii daayay sida ciidda carbon.

In wax soo saarka ee lagu bacrimiyo ku beeritaan urursan sulfuric acid, guryaha kiimikada kuwaas oo la oggalaado isticmaalkeeda sida wakiilka oksidheeyeyaal wanaagsan, waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in lagu Leexin acids kale kacsan ka cusbada ku. Sidaas darteed, suurto gal ah in ay soo saaraan Bacriminta, sida superphosphate, ammonium sulfate iyo kuwa kale. Iyada oo guryaha oxidative, waxaa loo isticmaalaa lagu qayilo oo dhan Biraha taagan oo isku xigta ka hor inta conjugation lacag dhan yahay, oon la xirrira laba taxane ah cusbada - sulfates (nooca dhexdhexaadka ah) iyo hydrosulfates (nooca acid) si ay u jaraan Ester ah.

acid sulfuric - dareere aad u dhamayta, kaas oo sidoo kale uu leeyahay uumi halista ah. ugu badnaan heerka ogol yahay ee H2SO4 fiirsashada uumiga waa 1 mg / m3, dheehan dhammaan shaqaalaha qabashada acid sulfuric, workwear soo saaray iyo qalabka ilaalada shakhsiga ah. Urursan sulfuric acid, guryaha kuwaas oo aad u halis ah dadka oo aan ilaalin, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in meelaha soo socda:

- Avv organic warshadaha;

- saarka ee kuu daroogada;

- nadiifinta alaabta saliid ah;

- maqaar iyo warshadaha biraha-shaqo;

- saarka ee formaldehyde, bacyaal, saabuunta dharka iyo wixii la mid ah.

Sulfuric acid waxaa soo saaray in laba hab warshadaha - iyadoo la isticmaalayo xiriirada adag (Xoojiya), iyo isticmaalka oxides of nitrogen (hab nitrus). The alaabta ceeriin inta badan u dhaqmo baaruud, laakiin qaar ka mid ah sulfuric acid waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sulfides biraha. Industrially soo saaray acid xoog sulfuric, noocyada soo socda: farsamada, saliidda vitriol, net (batari), oleum (anhydride) iyo munaaraddii.

Gebogebadii, waa in mar kale lagu adkeeyay in acid sulfuric ah waa in dhamayta walxaha sunta ah 2 heerka halista. Marka mudaa ka gubasho neefsasho acid uumiga loo sameeyay ee aagga sare ee neefsashada, Ulasocto qufac rabshad, kaas oo beddeli kara boronkiitada, tracheitis , hunguriga iyo jidiinka dhuunta. Taasi waa sababta marka la isticmaalayo sulfuric acid dareenka weyn waxaa la siiyaa Heer sare ah ee ilaalinta shaqaalaha ka waxyeellada daran ee dareeraha iyo qayb ka ether walax this.