Gaaska dhirta. Guryaha, wax soo saarka, codsiga

acid gaaska dhirta (magac kale - hexadecanoic) - a monocarboxylic cokan (dufan) acid. Kuwa ugu badan ee dabiiciga ah. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay walax this waxaa laga helaa saliidda timireed. Esters iyo cusbada of acid this waxaa lagu magacaabaa palmitate. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah esters of crystallinity oo u eg wax. Waxay leedahay formula soo socda kiimikada: CH3 (CH2) 14COOH. Oo ay formula taaban karo waa: C16H32O2.

Helitaanka acid gaaska dhirta ee dabiiciga ah

Qoraalkan waa, qayb ka mid ah inta badan oo ka mid ah glycerides of saliidaha asal ahaan cuntada iyo xoolaha dufanka. Tusaale ahaan, waxa ka mid ah saliidda Landkruusaro 6.5%, saliid oo timir ah - 38-47%, subaga - 30%. Intaa waxaa dheer, hexadecanoic acid waa xubin ka mid ah oo iswayneeya qaar ka mid ah: in spermaceti ku jira 90% nibiriga shahwada hexadecanoic acid Ester cetyl, iyo Beeswax ku saabsan 30% ether myristyl ee. In noolaha xayawaanka gaaska dhirta waa wax soo saarka dhamaadka Avv acid dufan ka acetylsalisylsyre-CoA ah.

In foomka of glyceride acid hexadecanoic ee halabuurka leeyahay oo saliid ah oo timir ah, khudradda midhaha Chinese iyo North American baruurta iyo Croton sebiferum Stillinga sebifera, miraha Rhus succedanea (wax a), a berry mirikonovom wax Myrica cerifera, in lanolin. In dawlad xor ah gaaska dhirta waxaa laga helaa miraha paprika in khilaafaadka Lycopodium iyo wax cadaveric (qaybta ugu muhiimsan).

guryaha jirka ah ee gaaska dhirta:

1. xaalad (xaaladaha caadiga ah) - kiristaalo Biyuhu.

2. mass gaws waa 256, 43 g / mol.

3. cufnaanta waa 0,841 g / cm³.

guryaha kaamerada of gaaska dhirta:

1. heerkulka barafku wuxuu ahaa 62,9 ° C.

2. dhibic karaya The siman yihiin in ay 105 ° C (at 0.01 mmHg. V.) Oo 167 ° C (1 mm V. Hg.).

3. Flash dhibic si siman u 192 ° C.

4. awoodda kulaylka gaws (at xaaladaha caadiga ah) waa 460 J / (mol · K).

Maxay yihiin guryaha kiimikada ee hexadecanoic acid?

1. milmi biyo waa loo siman yahay si 0.0007 (at 20 ° C).

2. milmi in ethanol waa 2600 (at 7,2 ° C).

3. gaaska dhirta waa dhexdhexaad L. in benzene iyo acetone.

guryaha indhaha of gaaska dhirta:

1. index The Refractive waa 1,4219.

Diyaarinta gaaska dhirta

walax Tani waxaa laga heli karaa siyaabo dhowr ah:

1. By crystallization jajab ama retifikatsii ka isku dhiska ee acids dufan leh oo laga diyaariyey by saponification dufanka ama paraffins qayilo.

2. Marka cetyl khamriga by kulaylinta la lime sodium si 270 ° C (Dumas iyo Stas).

C16H33OH (khamriga cetyl) + O2 (oxygen) = C15H31COOH + H2 O (oo biyo ah)

3. Marka elaidic barafku (xeyr acid) la hydroxide sodium:

CH3 7CH (CH2) (xeyr acid) = CH (CH2) 7SOON + H2O (oo biyo ah) + O = C15H31COOH (formula acid gaaska dhirta) + CH3COOH (acetic acid)

4. Haddii lagu qayilo ka acid nitric of 2-oktodekanonom:

CH3 (CH2) 15-CO-CH3 + 3o (oxygen) = C15H31COOH (hexadecanoic acid) + CH3COOH (acetic acid)

5. Sidoo kale wax this la samaysan karin by habka of yodyura cyanide pentadecylic aalkolada:

C15H31J + KCN (xarunta cyano) = KJ + C15H31-CN;

C15H31-CN (xarunta cyano) + 2H2O (oo biyo ah) = C15H31COOH (walax dheefay) + NH3

Xaggee loo isticmaalo gaaska dhirta?

1. Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa wax xiriir isticmaalo in xaydhta napalm soo saaridda (isku dar ah oo gaar ah la stearic acid), saabuunta la isku qurxiyo iyo kala duwan Doolaal, plasticizers iyo saliidaha. farsamo ee acid taas waxaa loo isticmaalaa soo saaridda ee shumac.

2. palmitate Calcium waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida qayb ka mid ah darey for ilaalinta qoyaan iyo biyaha (biyo-repellency) ee maqaarka, dhar kala duwan, qoryo, isku qurxiyo non-hufan iyo qurxiyo.

3. Sidoo kale, palmitate sodium iyo sida loo isticmaalo qayb (thickener a) ee musqusha iyo saabuunta qoyska emulsifier ka kooban diyaarinta la isku qurxiyo.

4. Baahida loo qabo palmitate methyl acid gaaska dhirta iyo qaar ka mid ah ay taagayo, hexadecanol. Sidoo kale, walax this waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida kulkulul wax for cuntada.

5. Markii hore waxay keeni cusbo acid hexadecanoic loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee jaamaha dawooyinka.