Alikhan Bukeikhanov: Biography, aragti siyaasadeed, xusuusta

Muddo dheer magaca qofka waxaas la mamnuucay, oo uu, sida badan oo ka mid ah saffarro uu, si rasmi ah loo tixgeliyaa cadow dadka. Laakiin muddo dheer ninkan dayactirey, oo shuqulkiisuna wuxuu kasbatay ixtiraam ah, oo durriyadii mahadisaan. Maanta waa siyaasi weyn Alikhan Bukeikhanov, guuradii la xusaa in 2016 - mid ka mid ah geesiyaal qaran ee Jamhuuriyadda Kazakhstan. Ka dib oo dhan, on meeshii allabariga ee madaxabannaanida dalka Aasiyada Dhexe, uu naftiisa oo dhan ku riday.

Active tirada dadweynaha, siyaasi dhalaalaya, qoraa cajiib ah, aqoonyahan tayo leh oo waddani ah oo la caasimada ah ... Oo ethnologist, Fiisooyinka, oo ah dhaqaaleyahan, qareen, aqoonyahan - oo tani ma aha liis dhamaystiran oo doorar oo dhan. Aan badan oo taariikhda of Kazakhstan waa ogyahay shakhsiyaad of magnitude this!

Maanta, uu Biography iyo hab-nololeedyada ku bartaan dugsiyada Kazakh. In dalka this, waxaa loo arkaa geesi qaranka. Sababtan awgeed, in buugaagta taariikhda Kazakh ee qofku shakhsiyadiisu Nagi badan oo pages. Sidaas, ha warbixino badan oo Biography of this nin weyn.

Carruurnimada iyo qaangaarka Bukeikhanov

Childhood iyo dhalinyarada ee hoggaamiyaha mustaqbalka ee Qaranka ee ka dhacay tuulo fog №7 kaniisadda degmada Karkarala Tokraunskoy ee gobolka Semipalatinsk (maalmahan waxaa degmada Aktogai ee gobolka Karaganda). Waxay ahayd halkaas in uu ku dhashay shanaad March 1866 Bukeikhanov Alikhan Nurmuhamedovich, noqday oo ahaa curadkii ka aabbihiis iyo hooyadiis.

Qoyskiisa iska lahaa oo durriyadii kushiray Kazakh ee torus ah, iyo horyaalka Chingizid Alikhan aabbihiis soo xirtay, isagoo iskibrin. True, badan Bukeikhanov millitari xarrago aan si gaar ah u milicsato. Qoyska uu ka lahaa adagtahay in lacagta daruuriga.

Isagoo doonaya inuu hubiyo in wiilkiisa, xoogaa yar oo la isku halayn karo oo kibis ah, wuxuu siiyey waalidiinta Alikhan Madrasah ka dib markii qalin jabiyay dugsiga ganacsiga Karkaralinsk. Laakiin awood wiil darbo xoogan oo aan helay tayada waxbarashada miskiin ah oo si iskood ah ku biiray dugsiga Ruush-Kazakh ah. Waqtigaas, Bukeikhanov dhallinyarada ahaa sano oo kaliya sagaal jir ah.

Release yimid ee Sagaashameeyadii ee qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, markii dhismaha buuxa lulid ee tareenka Siberian iyo shaqaalaha farsamada hoose ahaayeen in dalabka. Waxay la diyaariyay Dugsiga Farsamada Omsk, kuwaas oo arday oo ku noqday mid dhaxla Genghis Khan.

Laakiin railwayman shaqada inuusan ayaa loo dhoofiyay. Nin dhallinyaro tayo socda oo uu helo dhaqaale yahan ganacsiga ah ee St. Petersburg Imperial Dhirta machadka. In isku midka ah, Sharciga ee Jaamacadda (oo sidoo kale St. Petersburg) uu guuleysto. Markuu maray imtixaanka kama dambaysta ah, Alikhan Bukeikhanov bilaabmaa qaangaarnimada bartay xaliyay nin oo dhallinyaro ah - durkin xirfadeed xeeldheer xaqiiqada casri ah, kuwaas oo ogyahay sagaal luqadood. Xataa markaas, waxay ahayd wax cad in nin dhallinyaro waxay leedahay mustaqbal weyn oo dhalaalaysa.

hawlaha Research

In nolosha oo dhan Alikhan Bukeikhanov u suurtagashay in ay ka qayb qaataan afar guutadii wax cilmi baaris oo qor, Konton waraaqaha fool xun iyo in ka badan kun qoraalada iyo articles kala duwan.

adduunka oo aan la garaneyn wajiyo badan iyo soo jiidata isaga, iyo, at xisaabta waxbaridda ugu horeysay ee dugsiga beeraha, ka dibna waday adeeg maamul ee Dugsiga Farsamada Omsk, uu sii wado inuu ogaado wax cusub iyo wax loo baro nafteena. Oo korkana waxaa Bukeikhanov oo dhan had iyo jeer xiiso taariikhda Kazakhstan.

The ugu horeysay oo ka mid ah afar guutadii wax isaga u ahaa Tobolsk, inta lagu guda jiro kuwaas oo bartay su'aasha ah ee dib u dejinta Ruush on dalka Kazakh. Waxa ay ahayd oo kaliya ka dib markii dhamaadka Institute Forest - in 1894. Oo siddeed sano ka dib, waxaa bilaabay waxbarasho ee gobolka Steppe - iyo mar kale loo barakacay ifinaya. Sida laga soo xigtay si dowladda, kaas oo abaabulay dhacdo, saynisyahano lahaa si ay u aqoonsadaan dal ka banaan ku haboon guuritaan cusub.

Laakiin waddani dhallinyarada si ay u isticmaalaan aqoonta this hab iyaga u gaar ah. All uu arkay oo maqlay inta lagu guda jiro guutadii, oo markii dambe u noqday saldhig u tahay shuqulladiisa sayniska iyo saxaafadda, taas oo qoraaga tusay oo cadeeyay mowqifka danyarta ah Kazakhs in dhulkii uu ku dhashay sabab u ah ula kac ah siyaasad-dejinta ee tsarism. Tani state of arrimaha aan weli ahaan karto mid taag daran Bukeikhanov. Iyaga wuxuu ahaa "jiran" oo la legdamayay isaga ilaa dhamaadka nolosha.

Waxa intaa dheer in cilmi baaris ku orientation dhaqan-taariikheed, ku hawlan Ra'iisul Wasaaraha mustaqbalka of Kazakhstan iyo dhaqaalaha, taariikhda deegaanka, waaxda beerolay, xannaanada xoolaha iyo wixii la mid ah. D.

dan weyn ayaa, tusaale ahaan, ay shaqo u hibeeyeen ilaa ay gobolka taranta ido Steppe, talooyin qiimo afgembi kuwaas xayawaanka, meesha iyo waxa sirdoonka ka khayr badan feed ka guuleystaan si ay u daryeelaan, iwm ...

Abay: yaqaano shuqullada Abwaan

Macluumaadka in Alikhan Bukeikhanov la Tegay dalkiisii hooyo Kazakh ee noqday saldhigga marka ka shaqeeya mugga siddeed iyo tobnaad ee "shirkii Ruush. description Full juqraafi of our gobolka. " Ma aha adag tahay in la qiyaasayaa in tani ay tahay si hufan u heelan yihiin inay Kazakhstan, iyo Bukeikhanov ahaa mid ka mid ah qorayaasha. In uu qaybta, isaguna wuu la hadlay oo ku saabsan dhaqanka, hab nololeedka, maskax iyo qayb kaladuwan oo ka mid ah dadka Kazakh, sida sawirada si firfircoon isticmaalaya dad iyo shaqada qoraaga, gaar ahaan gabayada. Alihana Bukeyhanova aad u xiiso gabayada uu casriga ah - Abai, kuwaas oo gabay "Kozy-Korpesh iyo Bayan Sulu" ayuu falanqeeyay in uu shaqada sayniska.

In indhaha u cilmi Abay ahaa mid ka mid ah wakiilada ugu fiican oo ka mid ah waxgaradka cusub Kazakh, ku dooday in madaxbannaanida Kazakhstan. Oo Bukeikhanov isku dayo si kasta oo macquul in ay xoogga saaraan in ay xidhiidh la yeeshay gabayaaga weyn Kazakh.

Waa in la ogaadaa in ay mustaqbalka "dallacsiiyey" by Abai iyo shaqo si ay dhagaystayaasha ballaaran, ay noqonayaan biographer ugu horeysay oo ay isku diyaarineyso inay daabacdo buug shuqullada Abwaan. Laakiin si ay u daabacaan a collection of maqaalo Bukeikhanov hortagi xiro, kaas oo ka dhacay 1905.

tirada dadweynaha Active

Sida laga soo xigtay warbixinta, taas oo inoo siiya si Biography rasmiga ah, Alikhan Bukeikhanov tan iyo yaraantiisii muuqato sida tirada dadweynaha firfircoon. Gaar ahaan dareemi waxa uu noqonayaa tiradaasi ah 1893, marka farac u Genghis Khan, xubin ka mid ah kooxaha kala duwan (ka suugaanta in dhaqaalaha), waxaa ku lug leh rabshadaha, abaabulay ardayda. Taasi waa marka Bukeikhanov ugu horeysay soo jiideen booliska dareenka, oo wuxuu ku dhacaa liiska dadka loo arko "siyaasad aan lagu kalsoonaan karin."

Young Patriot biiray dhaqdhaqaaqa xoreynta gobolka Steppe iyo ugu danbeyn uu noqdo hogaamiyaha. Tani waa in ay inta badan ka qayb codkarnimada Bukeikhanov u cajiib ah. saffarro Qaar ka mid ah, wuxuu lahaa maal ka wanaagsan inuu joogo ee khudbado uu, iyaga barbar leh qaab ciyaareedka Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, isagoo sheegay in ay ficil ahaan waa gudaheedana sinaba uma ay liita iyaga in dhegeysiga ah oo lagu qanci.

Bilowgii a mustaqbalkiisa siyaasadeed cajiib ah

Dabcan, qofka noocaas ah ayaa wadada si toos ah siyaasadda. Waxa uu si kalsooni leh ku socday wadada this. In 1905, Alikhan Bukeikhanov noqdo xubin ka mid ah Dastuurka Democratic Party (arday) iyo riyooyin oo abuureysa (Kazakh) iyada waaxda degaanka. Munaasabadda haysta kulan magaalada Uralsk iyo Semipalatinsk. Isla sanadkaas ayuu loo doortay ku xigeenka u State First Duma ee Empire Ruush ah.

Laakiin si ay u matalaan danaha Kazakhs Bukeikhanov on heerka ugu sareeya gobolka anigu ma aan sameeyey, maxaa yeelay, Duma la kala diri dhow isla markiiba doorashada ka dib. Time bilaabay caasi ah, deganayn - Ruush ruxmay dhabta adag. Xigeenadiisa isku dayeen in ay difaacaan xuquuqdooda iyagoo soo daabacay Vyborg manifesto dalbanayaan inay kansasho kala diridda ee Duma ee Saarka, laakiin dadaalka ay ahaayeen guuleysan. Under fariin uu ahaa magaca Alihana Bukeyhanova.

Sida kor ku xusan, in 1905, siyaasi ah, aamadani, kaas oo uu si dhow ula raacay by ciidamada baliiska, waxaa la xiray markii ugu horeysay. Waxa uu ku eedeeyay hurin caasinnimada sokeeye. xiray labaad ka dhacay 1908, iyo waqtigan ma uu helin off argagax fudud. views Siyaasadda simaha Alihana Bukeyhanova ka dhanka siyaasadda dagaal gumeysiga ee Saarka Russia, maamulka tixgeliyo aan waafaqsanayn xorriyadda iyo xiriirka ka musaafuriyay u ololeeya in Samara, halkaas oo uu ku noolaa ilaa 1917, taas oo ay jirto ayaa isbedel weyn dalka. Sanadkan Russia waxa uu noqday kala duwan. 1917 soo bandhigay Bukeikhanov rajaynaynaa in dadka uu ugu danbeyn awoodi doonaan in ay noqdaan kuwo madax bannaan.

Biographers Bukeikhanov waxay tusaale fiican u ah siyaasiinta maanta ka fiirsan. Uu daacadnimo crystal iyo wadajirka, ayuu ku celcelis ah ku dooday, ilaa neefta ee la soo dhaafay iyadoo la sii aaminnimo dalkii hooyo iyo dadkeeda. ninkani waxa uu ahaa mid ka mid ah kuwa ay galaan siyaasadda aawadood oo ah faa'iidooyinka gaarka loogu talagalay, laakiin aawadood oo ah daryeelka dadweynaha.

Wariye cajiib ah

shaqada saxaafadda iyo saxafiyiinta - taasi waa, lakabka gaar ah aad u muhiim ah in dhaxal ahaan ugu Alihana Bukeyhanova. Ogaanshaha buuxa si fiican in ereyga - hub ugu fiican, waxa uu isku dayay in la isticmaalo sida ugu badan ee suuragalka ah iyo si hufan.

In muddo ah ka 1905 si ay u 1907 Bukeikhanov editor shaqeeya wargeysyada xisbiga arday "The Voice", "Omsk" iyo "Irtysh". Sidaas waxa qoray wargayska articles scholarly for "New Encyclopedic Dictionary". Oo tan iyo 1910 si dhow loola shaqeeyo magazine ugu horeysay luqada Kazakh-"Aikap" oo hoosta ka xariiqday ee nolosha siyaasadeed ee gobolka, waxaa soo baxna dhibaatada waxbarasho, daawo, sayniska, suugaanta, qaybta beerolay, iyo wax ka badan. ku jiray oo dhan on bushimaha intelligentsia Kazakh sare ee waqtiga.

minaarad dhabta ah ee baraaruga miyir qaranka ahaa wargeyska "Kazakh", taas oo Bukeikhanov wada daayay iyadoo tirooyin kale oo firfircoon dadweynaha iyo saxafiyiinta - iyo Dulatova Baitursynov. kaalin ee seddexda this horumarinta geedi socodka dimuqraadiyada iyo waddani ee Kazakhstan waa adag tahay in ay qiimayn dheeraad.

By habka, inta badan ay wax Alikhan Bukeikhanov daabacay "Kazakh" magaca "Wiilka deel ah" ( "Kyr Balas").

freemasonry

Waxaa jira warar sheegaya in qaar ka mid ah waqtiga Bukeikhanov gacan saar la leeyihiin wastaadyadii. Magaciisa waxaa laga helay in ka-qorka ee Kerensky, oo ku hogaamiyay ilaa qollad jooggo "Ursa Yar" ee St. Petersburg.

On khalad la'aanta xogta this tilmaamay in ay xaqiiqda ah in abuurka ah ee kooxda Samara ee Freemasons dhacay midig ka dib markii la kulanka Kerensky Bukeikhanov. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa la ogsoon yahay in ka mid ah ka qaybgalayaasha dhaqdhaqaaqa, kanu wuxuu ahaa arday badan, oo ay geesiga of this article lahaayeen.

farac wastaadyadii of Genghis Khan arkay kor ku xusan oo dhan sokeeye. Wuxuu sir iyaga la si ay u sharxaan rajada gargaar la siiyo madaxbannaani in Kazakhs ah. Sannaddiisii toddoba iyo xataa waxaa loo magacaabay madaxa dawladda ku meelgaarka ah ee Kazakhstan, laakiin wax yar ka dib wastaadyo jidka iyo Alihana Bukeyhanova kala firdhiyey, sida tan dambe ayaa ogaaday in taageero hadafka ururka ay, ma uu sugi doonaa. Sidee in aanay sugin iyada, iyo arday ah. iyaga waxaa la jiray sannaddii toddoba iyo tobnaad ayuu yiri nabad gelyo aad.

Xisbiga "Alash": wareeg cusub oo khibradiisa siyaasadeed

Niyad jab ku dhacay Bukeikhanov, ma uu ruuxa ma jebin. Siyaasi ka dib markii sannaddii toddoba iyo tobnaad oo kacaanka aan hoos u dhigin hubka, iyo qeybsanaan - waxaa Garbihiisa oo fidsan. Wada jir ah ula saaxiibadii, muuqan doonaa inta lagu guda jiro abuurista wargeyska "Kazakh", wuxuu abaabulaa, xoog gebi ahaanba madax banaan siyaasadda cusub "Alash Orda" (Alash - magac guud ee dadyowga oo dhan, taasoo ugu danbeyn noqday yaqaan Kazakhs ah).

Dhacdadani waxa ay ahayd of muhiimadda taariikhiga weyn oo inta badan lagu go'aamiyaa qaddar ee maanta Kazakhstan casriga ah. Xisbiga "Alash" waddaniyiin dhab Jamhuuriyadda midaysan ee bilowgii qarnigii labaatanaad, iyo wadnaha ee ay fikirka jiifay u jecel yihiin inay helaan xorriyadda of Kazakhstan sida qayb ka mid ah dimuqraadiyadda Russia. Ururku waxa uu awood cusub waxaa ka mid ah shiidaa midabka oo dhan intelligentsia Kazakh waqtiga.

Alikhan Bukeikhanov madax xisbiga tan iyo markii la aasaasay. Inta lagu jiro hawlaha ciidamada siyaasadeed waxaa dhowr miyi ah ayaa la qabtay, mid ka mid ah oo ka dhacay 1918, xaflad aan horay loo arag - dhawaaqay gobolka ugu horreeyey ee ka madax banaan Kazakhs. Iyo Abuuraha reer Xisbiga "Alash" waxay ahayd xafiiska ugu sareeya - Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Kazakhstan!

Dhanka kale, dagaal iyo aad u badan sokeeye cabaadeen ee Russia. Country qabsadey fowdo. Markii hore Alash ordintsy diriray la Bolsheviks dhinaca of caddaanka ah. Laakiin marka guusha ee Soofiyeedku ah, waxay lahaayeen in ay wada hadal la galaan soo horjeeda fikirka ah nabadda iyo iskaashiga. The xaalad "saaxiibtinimo" ugu weyn, dabcan, waxay ahayd in loo ilaalin lahaa madaxbanaanida ee gobolka dhashay. Waxa lagu ansixiyay cas, laakiin kaliya on warqad. Dhab ahaantii, laga bilaabo waqtiga la soo gabagabeeyo heshiiska Jamhuuriyadda madax banaan Kazakhstan dayn inay ka jiraan.

Sidaa darteed, waqtiga kooban Alikhan Bukeikhanov madax xisbiga "Alash", kaas oo ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay ee uu guusha saaxadda siyaasadeed. Iyada oo agaa of xoog Soviet ku faani Kazakh helay waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay dayacaan gobolka waxqabad ee dhammaan noocyada ay.

Cadaadis iyo dhimasho Bukeikhanov

In kasta oo siyaasadda ka tago Bukeikhanov, dawladda dhallinyarada Soviet arkeen sidii cadow oo khatar ah. Wuxuu hortagi nidaamka Soviet dhallinyarada cusub, maxaa yeelay, iyagu ma ay wadaagaan fikradda wadaag. Waxaan isaga la ciyaaro sida bisad la mouse a, si Maxkamad, ka dibna daynin dabacsan.

Waxa muhiim ahayd in la baabi'iyo saameynta ay aasaasihii xisbiga "Alash Orda" waayo, walaalihiin, sidaas awgeed waa in sanadkii la soo labaatan labaad ee si qasab ah lagu wareejiyay Moscow, halkaas oo uu ku hawlan sayniska, suugaanta, ethnography; Wuxuu ka dhiga jaamacadda. Muddo Alikhan Bukeikhanov oggol yahay "excommunicated" oo kaliya in Leningrad - halkaas oo uu sidoo kale filaya shaqo wax bara. Laakiin qayb ka ugu fiican ee shan iyo toban sannadood "links" ayaa lagu qabtay caasimadda ah ee Midowga Soofiyeeti.

"Lahaystaha" Kazakh aamusnaan iyo yaase marada shaqada sayniska, ururinta hiddaha, bartay taariikhda (si qarsoodi ah lagu hayo ee la walaalihiin la taabto iyo toosiyaan track dhulka hoostiisa dhaqdhaqaaqa xoreynta qaran). By dhaqankiisa u muuqday gebi ahaanba aan dhib lahayn.

Laakiin in sannaddii toddoba iyo soddonaad ee "hoos u shafay" oo aan sida ... Dabcan, a hoggaamiyihii hore ee qaranka ayaa ka aargoosi Stalin ee tagtay. At sanadka toddobaatan labaad, Alihana Bukeyhanova qabtay, oo lagu eedeeyay argagixisada iyo toddoba iyo labaatanaad ee September 1937 ayaa lagu xukumay dil. At da'da sare ee waddani qofna Kazakh in ay fiiro gaar ah ma. Xukunka waxaa la dilay isla maalintaas.

Alikhan Bukeikhanov: qoyska iyo nolashiisa qaaska ah

On nolosha shakhsiga ah ee tirada ugu weyn Kazakhstan ee siyaasadeed ee horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad waxaa la ogsoon yahay ma aad u badan. Laakiin xitaa macluumaadka in uu yahay, oo ku filan si ay u fahmaan - iyadu ma ahaa cloudless.

In 1901 wuxuu guursaday Elena Bukeikhanov Sevastianova, waa gabadhii wariye Yakova Sevastyanova, oo Alikhan Nurmuhamedovich shaqeeyay daabaco "Gobolka Steppe." Horeba 1902, lamaanahan ayaa Kanipa gabadh (si rasmi ah - Elizabeth). Oo siddeed sano ka dib, ee 1910, kii dhaxalka u muuqataa in qoyska - ina Oktay ah (si rasmi ah - Sergei).

Haddaba sannaddii siddeed iyo Elena Bukeikhanov si lama filaan ah u dhinto iyo ninkeeda iyo laba carruur ah ee hubka iyada ka baxo. Laakiin Alikhan ahaa macalin wanaagsan oo kiciyey dadka hufan. Labada baxay inuu raadkoodii aabbihiis, oo waxay noqdeen tirooyinka sayniska. Awow (ina Elizabeth) ku dhintay dagaalka lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. mar labaad in ay guursadaan waddani Kazakh aan sameeyey. Iyo ka hor dhamaadka maalmood ayuu ku hadhay si lama filaan ah aamin tageen xaaskiisa la jecel yahay.

Waxaa xusid mudan in mid ka mid ahaa qaraabada Alihana Bukeyhanova ma "suuxay." Dhaxla oo kushiray Kazakh magiciisa kibir soo xirtay, in kasta oo khatar ku ah oo ay ahayd ben. Oo markii, ka dib markii dayactirka mid ka mid ah uu awowe u Bukeikhanov helay archive ah "weedho dhimashada", ilmada oo wejiga Streaming, iyo qalbigiisa waxaa ka buuxsamay kibir in uu qaraabo weyn.

xusuusta

Laakiin ma aha oo kaliya qaraabada iyo saaxiibada, xusuusta reer Gazakh weyn loo magacaabay Alikhan Bukeikhanov. sanad guuradii 150aad ee uu ku dhashay sannadkan dabaal taladoodu hoos UNESCO! Aqoonsigaas oo kaliya dhowr ah dhibaato in ay ...

Tiro ka mid ah dhacdooyinka la qorsheeyey oo hore u fuliyeen si heer qaran ah in Kazakhstan, kuwaas oo madax-bannaanida oo saas u kibir iyo cabsila'aan ku difaacay Alikhan Bukeikhanov. bandhig Book heegan u ah nolosha Halyeeyga ah, soo bandhigidda edition documentary shuqullada ururiyey, shirarka kala duwan, siminaarada iyo wax ka, wax badan oo dheeraad ah oo diyaar u ah Faraciisii mahadisaan ee xasuusta of nin naftiisa u bixiyey si ay hawsha dadkiisa.