Amber Room ee Palace Catherine ah (Pushkin)

Aan caadi ahayn oo xiiso leh iyo quruxda badan waa Room Amber ee Palace Catherine ah. Waxaa xitaa u qalmeen yeedhay mucjiso iftiinka. Xaaladan oo meel bannaan oo gaar ah taas afuufin by khuraafaadka iyo halyeeyadoodii hore. Laakiin ka lumay ee masterpiece this wakhtiga dagaalka weli kiciyaa caasinimada. Nasiib wanaag, Room Amber ma maamuli inuu ka soo kabsado. In this article waxaan ku tilmaami si faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan taariikhda iyo sidoo kale ku saabsan halka Catherine Palace ee, Room Amber ku yaalaan. Qiimaha tikidhada iyo saacadaha ay furan yihiin matxafka waxa kale oo aad ka baran karaa ka this article.

muddo Prussian

boqorrada Prussian Elector of Brandenburg (Prussia waxaa loo tixgeliyaa sida xarunta caanka ah ee farsamada cadaatay in Europe) oo ka 1618 sida hadiyado amiirradii kale u noqday dhaqan si loo siiyo cadaatay oo uu yahay "dahabka" ee badda bari sida loo yeedhay. Maxaa ka dhigay this farshaxanka processing dhagax si degdeg ah u koraya, iyo mid ka mid ah danbow iyo noqday Room Amber ah. Waxaa la abuuray talinaysay ee farshaxanka Prussian iyo Jarmal oo dhan, kuwaas oo, at Warega of qarniyadii XVII iyo XVIII.

Elector Frederick III (sannadaha boqornimadii -. 1657-1713 DH) ee 1701 waxay kor u qaadatay dib u dhiska ah ee ay caasimadda, iyo in si gaar ah joogitaanka boqornimada - kakan oo dhan dhismayaasha loola jeedaa qarniyo XVI-XVII ah. naqshada Court of King I. F. Eozander sameeyey hanti hareeraheeda ah boqorka dhisay on nooc ka mid ah Versailles. Maalmahan, waxaa la og yahay in naqshadeeyaha ugu abuuray mashruuca Amber Room. Littsenburg iyo Oranienburg, labo ka mid ah madaxtooyada oo ka mid ah King of Prussia, kaas oo la xidhiidha qaddar ee Room Amber tan iyo 1707 noqday meel hawlaha Eozandera. First, Room Amber ah waxaa loogu talagalay decoration ee madaxtooyada Littsenburg. Inta lagu guda jiro nolosha qoyska reer boqor ma aanan arkin qolka dhamaystiran. Shaqada ahaa ee 1709 weli kasii darto. By markii ugu dhimatay Sophia Charlotte (in 1705). Frederick waxaan go'aansaday inaan joojiyo mashruuca iyo qurxin alwaaxyo gallery cadaatay jooga daarta saaxiibkiis - Oranienburg. Inta badan, boqorka go'aansaday in ay joojiyaan dhismaha, si ay u sii madaxtooyada Littsenburg ah, joogitaanka oo uu naagtiisa, sidii uu ahaa markii ay nool yahay. Derbiyada hoolka, taas oo ahayd in ay dejiyaan darfaha hurdiga ah, qurxiyey ha kula xidheen shalash dahab iyo barkimaheeda. Oo maanta Littsenburg Palace u bogi karin musqusha damastovoy Red. In xasuusta of Queen Charlotte Sophia, madaxtooyada waxaa la odhan jiray Charlottenburg.

Markaasaa boqorkii wuxuu baray Eozanderu kordhin Palace ee Oranienburg, isagoo intaa ku daray in ay ka Amber Gallery 30 mitir, sarraysa ay size qabyada ah ee asalka ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo shaqo oo degdeg ah, gallery this aan la dhammaystiro inta nolosha Frederick Waxaan, kuwaas oo ku dhintay 1713.

Gift in Peter aan

Ruush Emperor in uu ku faraxsan la Eozandera shaqada iyo ayaan qarsan inuu doonayo inuu qabto shaqada ah ee farshaxanka sida dalkooda. Frederick William I, boqorka Dhaxlay (sannadaha cimrigaaguna - 1688-1740, Guddiga - tan iyo 1713), soo bandhigay dalka anshaxa adag oo ujeeddadiisa ay ahayd isticmaalka wax ku ool ah, oo ay go'aansatay in ay joojiso shaqada qaali ah sida in daaraha waaweyn oo aabbihiis. Laakiin ku farxaan dobada ee guests badan oo isaga dhalisay in aan Buur darfaha cadaatay ee xafiiska tirsan qolalka state of qalcaddii boqornimada Berlin. Waxay ahayd tiirka kaliya pdtverzhdenny xaqiiqda ee Berlin masterpiece this in loo soo diro caasimada Ruushka, St. Petersburg.

Peter aan nolosha Frederick aan si shaqsi ah loo kormeero uu goluhu si Amber Gallery ah, mar uu booqday Berlin. Bishii November 1716, intii lagu jiray kulan uu la wiilkiisa, lagu qabtay aawadood oo ah isbahaysi ka dhexeeya Russia iyo Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm waan hadiyadaha boqor qaali ah, ka mid ah taas oo ay ku qoran iyo Room Amber siiyey. 13 January 1717 The Amber Room waxaa la keenay St. Petersburg ee 18 sanduuq, taasoo, marka lagu daro darfahoodii dhammeeyayna ay ahaayeen tiro badan oo ah jajabkii aan hore loo isticmaalay.

Caddeynta ku saabsan halka Tsar Peter aan la qorsheeyay si loo soo dajiyo darfahoodii, kuwaas oo, ayaa ka badbaaday, si male ah in ay la isticmaalo soo jeediyay in arrimaha gudaha ee Palace Winter waa sal lahayn.

Amber Room inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Elizabeth

In 1743, gabadhii Emperor ee Elizaveta Petrovna ka dib markii goysiga oo carshiga ku sheegay in ay ku riday hadiyad galay joogitaanka dhismaha cusub - Saddexaad Winter Palace. Si ay u fuliyaan shaqo ee naqshada Talyaani A. Martelli lagu casuumay. Under jihada dhise kale oo weyn - F. B. Rastrelli - durba 1746 muuqday beddelmay Amber Room ee Palace Winter ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaybo ka mid ah gudaha cusub wuxuu ahaa ka dhiman, si Rastrelli go'aansaday in la dhiso a pilasters Seme iyo geliso darfaha dheeraad ah, oo rinji "waayo, kuul". In 1745, Boqorka Prussia, Frederick II siiyey Ruush Empress dil kale oo mashruuca A. Reich jir hurdiga ah, in decoration ah oo loo isticmaalo yabban iyo masaallo ku ammaanaya oo weynaanta Elizabeth. In 1746 Room Amber la isticmaalo dhaweyntiisa rasmi ah, inkastoo ay marar badan inta lagu guda jiro dib u dhiska ee soo noqnoqda ee Palace Winter la wareejiyo meeshaad.

Amber Room ee Palace Catherine ah

12 sano ka dib, bishii June 1755, durba Tsarskoye Selo waa amar of Empress bilaabaa inuu la abuuray hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Rastrelli Amber Room (meesha Catherine Palace ee, maanta qof kasta og). Sidaas marxalad cusub oo masterpiece this ammaanta ee Russia, kaas oo socday qiyaastii laba boqol oo sano.

qolka Dvortsovy ogol yahay, waayo, waxa uu ahaa meel ka mid ah 96 mitir oo laba jibbaaran, kaas oo si xooga weyn yahay size ee qolka hore. Sidaa darteed, darfaha la dhigay heerka dhexe on saddex derbiyo iyo kala pilasters leh muraayadaha iyo sawirro ku sharraxnaan jirtay. Halkee kuul ka dhinnaa, derbiyada hoolka waxaa qariyey shiraac iyo qurxiyey farshaxankiisa "by Amber" by artist ah I. I. Velskim. Rastrelli xaliyay saxiirtaas fudayd, hagaajinta laambadihii gudaha naxaas ah oo qurux badan, ranjiyeynta saqafka, sawirro sharraxnaan jirtay, muraayadaha iyo sagxadda dhulka parquet ka alwaax qaali ah oo kala duwan.

xarunta of saqafka qurxiyey rinjiyeynta a size wayn by artist ah oo aan la garanayn ka qarnigii XVIII Venice, oo ka dhigan Wisdom, Youth dhawraan ka jirrabaaddo jacaylka.

stage dhexe celcelis ahaan ahayd 8 darfaha taagan, kuwaas oo afar ka jireen culaysyo mahrajaan oo dhagaxyo ah midab, ka dhigay in Florence ee 1750s ah, gaalda, iyagoo muujinayay in shanta dareeme oo aasaasi ah: Maqalka, iyo Araga, taabashada, dhadhanka iyo urta.

Amber Room ee Palace Catherine uu lahaa Qurxinta a raaxo leh. Waxaa lagu tiriyaa galaas Chinese iyo sanaaduuq shaqada Ruush. Room Amber ayaa lagu hayay iyo mid ka mid ah ururinta ugu ballaaran ee dahabka kuul in Europe iyo aakhirka wuxuu noqon doonaa matxaf waxyaabaha kuul, halkaas oo ay ku ahaayeen chess, checkers iyo caskets.

Waxyaabaha Shakhsi ahaan ka mid ah qoyska reer boqor

Laga soo bilaabo bartamihii qarnigii XVIII in Tsarskoye Selo, halkaas oo wakhtigaas waxaa jiray sayidkiisa Julius Karangi ayaa processing hurdiga ahaa ayaa bilaabay inay ka yimaadaan bakhaar Kamertsalmeysterskoy in la dayactiro kala duwan items lahaa xubno ka mid ah qoyska reer boqor. Xaashiyaha ayaa tilmaamay in 1765 halkan keenteen si ay u cusboonaysiiyaan ka badan 70 badeecadaha ka soo jeeda dhagaxan, oo ka mid ahaayeen maadooyinka ka mid ah nidaam ah (crucifixes iyo iskutallaabtiisana), alaabta guriga (postavtsa, armaajooyinka iyo armaajo), iyo maacuunta. Koox gaar ah oo wax waqti Elizabeth dhigi qurxinta miiska, ku sameeyey qaab saxanka caleen leh caleemo acanthus iyo volute baroque. Oo kulligoodna waxaa lagu qurxiyey sawirro. Waxyaabahani laga yaabaa in lagu qurxiyey miis oo iidaya Empress Elizabeth inta lagu guda jiro soo dhaweynta.

Amber Room inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Catherine II

In 1763, Empress Catherine II soo saaray amar sida uu sheegay oo dhan canvases rinji "by Amber" ahaayeen in la bedelaa mahrajaan cadaatay. On shuqulkii weynaa oo qabsaday 4 sano iyo 450 kiilo oo dhagax ah. In 1770, Shaqadiisii waa la dhammaystiray.

By amar of Catherine II, inuu siinayo horumarinta warshadaha alaabta guriga ee Russia ay fiiro gaar ah, Room Amber ku kaabaya masterpieces badan la shuqul.

Sida laga soo xigtay liiska ururisey D. Grigorovich, dhammaadkii qarnigii XIX ee boqorka ahaa waxaa jiray xaddi weyn oo alaabta guriga, inta badan beeraha iyo miisaska. Asal ahaan waxa uu ahaa ka soo jeedo French. Halkee wax soo saarka ayaa la siiyey meel, u badan tahay in ay ahayd wax soo saarka Ruush. Mid ka mid ah soo bandhigaa ugu, xabadka ee u gura, si gaar ah oo xiiso leh. Uu qaddar aan caadi ahayn oo isaga xubnuhu xabadka waa mid aad u xiiso badan. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, waxay ku hadhay madaxtooyada oo loo qaaday duulay Germany, iyo nus qarnigii a mid ka mid ah ka dib ku soo laabtay ay meel asalka ah. In photos pre-dagaal ee Room Amber waa labada xabadka laga diiwaan geliyey, oo weliba waxay ahaayeen mid ka ah xeeladaha of museum ee 1938-1940. piece ku soo laabtay ee alaabta guriga waxaa ku calaamadsan, taas oo u dhiganta tirooyin ka documents xisaabaadka ee madaxtooyada ka. In 1990, xabadka waxaa laga helay Berlin, in ururinta gaar ah, oo ka iibsaday qofkii lahaa hindisaha ee majaladda "Spiegel", iyo ka dib, sannadkii 2000, dib u masterpiece ah ee Amber Room ee Palace Catherine ah (Pushkin). Laab ah u gura, marka lagu daro in ay aayahooda xiiso leh waa cajiib laftiisa in, sida tusaale u ah mid ka mid ah waayo-aragnimada ugu horeysa ee alaabta guriga ee Russia on noocyo ka mid ah waxyaabaha Faransiis la xiriira sannad-aad 1760.

Tan iyo markii ay isbedbedelka weyn ee heerkulka, Istimaalka iyo stoveheating halaagnay kuul, saddex jeer oo keliya qarnigii XIX ee lagu qaaday dib u soo celinta ee Room Amber ah.

Sawirka Room Amber ah

In 1907, walaalaha Lumière soo saaray plastinki- ah "autochromes" marka hore by horumarinta hannaanka mahrajaan saddex-midab. Kuwaasu waxay ahaayeen qaar ka mid ah images midabka ugu horeysay ee taariikhda sawir. In 1917 Lukomsky, oo madax ka ah guddiga farshaxanka-taariikhiga ah, oo u shaqeeyn jiray daaraha, la siiyey fasax si ay u fuliyaan toogashada ee daaraha waaweyn oo Tsarskoye Selo. Oo ay ku jiraan la qorsheeyay in ay ka saarto oo Pushkin Catherine Palace, Room Amber ah ayaa sidoo kale la sawiro. Tani waa lagama maarmaan in la abuuro haayaha ee soo bandhigaa museum. Toogashada la sameeyay AA Zeestom. The sawiro Catherine Palace ayaa la geeyay bishii June iyo Alexander - laga bilaabo August 14, 1917, isla markiiba ka dib markii la soo dhaafay Ruush Emperor Nicholas II iyo qoyskiisa ayaa loo diray Tobolsk. PK Lukomsky 11 October 1917 helay 140 shots, mid ka mid ah oo ay qabsadeen iyo Room Amber ee Palace Catherine ah. Ilaa 1941, uu yahay midabka oo kaliya ay image.

In sano ee 1933-1935 shuqullada yar oo ah dib u soo celinta qaadeen sculptor I. Krestovsky.

luma gudaha

In xagaagii 1941 waxaa loo qorsheeyey masterpiece a grand ee dib u soo celinta, laakiin dagaalkii Great Patriotic hortagi hirgelintiisa. Amber Room loo daadgureeyay lahaa, kaas oo mosaics waxaa qariyey daaha khafiif ah oo gaar ah warqad nudaha. Laakiin saarista jirrabaad ahaan guddi ka muujisay in cadaatay Jeedaan. Waxaa aad muhiim u ahaa si ay u sii on boob Palace Catherine ah. Amber Room The, kuwaas oo qiimo ayaa si dhab ah aad u weyn, sida xaqiiqada ah waa in la soo duushay ee qarsoon. Sidaa darteed, waxaa la go'aamiyay in hoos ay ilaalinta weli. Guddiyada duubay maro faashad, dhigay daboosho of batting oo wuxuu ku dahaadhay loox ka samaysan alwaax.

Marka Room Amber ah (Catherine Palace, Pushkin) lagu weeraray askar Jarmal, waxaa ku dhex jirtay takhasusay kooxda in dhoofinta qasnadihiisa tahay, guddi ayaa loo saaray oo u soo diray inuu Konigsberg.

Waxaa ay ahayd ilaa guga ee 1945. Sida laga soo xigtay wargeyska Jarmal "Kenigsberg Allgemeine Zeitung", naqdiya Alfred Rode ah, November 13, 1941 abaabulay bandhig dhagaxyo qaali ah, iyo qaybo ka mid ah decoration ee Room Amber ah (dadka da'da ah meel amaan ah) ee Museum Art Prussian ah. In 1944, marka Jarmalka dib ugu gurteen guddi kala dhantaashay, buuxiyey oo galay sanduuqyada iyo diray inay u socoto aan la garanayn. Tan iyo markaas, Room Amber ah ayaa weli laga badiyay.

masterpiece nooleenta

In 1979 Golaha Wasiirada ee RSFSR ah, waxaa la go'aamiyay in dib loo abuuro darfaha hurdiga ah.

In 1983, sawiro iyo diidmo ee Room Amber ee Palace Catherine laga bilaabo of nooleynta mashruuca ee naqshada A. A. Kedrinskogo. In 1994 wuxuu ku dhisay guddi ugu horeysay ee horyaalka heerka hoose, iyo shaqo badan oo ku saabsan "view" ayuu mahrajaan la dhammeystirey laba sano ka dib. Bishii Abriil 2000, matxafka noqdeen helay beer Germany Ruush iyo humaag shaqada "taabashada iyo urta" in ka mid ahaayeen decoration ee qolka.

Bishii June 2003, in sharaf of the tercentenary St. Petersburg ee Pushkin (Catherine Palace) Amber Room waxaa la furay dadweynaha. Xafladda waxaa ka soo qeyb madaxda Ruush iyo Jarmal. Shaqada, kaas oo socday muddo 24 sano jir ah, ayaa la dhameeyey. muddo A cusub ee taariikhda this shaqo weyn oo fanka!

Room The Amber (Catherine Palace): meesha, saacadaha ay furan yihiin

Pushkin, taas oo matxafka ku yaal, waxa uu ku yaalaa 25 kiiloomitir u jirta St. Petersburg.

Currently, Catherine Palace (Amber Room) wuxuu furan yahay maalin walba laga bilaabo 10 ilaa 17 saacadood, maalin kaliya off - Tuesday oo Isniin kasta ee la soo dhaafay oo bisha waa maalin nadaafada.

galo tigidhada qofka martida - Xilliga xagaaga, adeega kooxaha dalxiiska iyo rasmiga wefdi oo ka kala 10 ilaa 16 saacadood iyo ka 16 ilaa 17 qaadeen. Haddii aanay jirin kooxaha caadada, adeegga martida shakhsi sidoo kale dhici kartaa mar kale. Tigidhada aan pre-iibin, waa in ay laga iibsan xafiiska sanduuqa, oo ku yaalla meel laga soo galo ee Palace ee (Pushkin, Tsarskoye Selo, Catherine Palace).

Amber Room The, booqasho taas oo ah lacag la'aan ah, waxay bixisaa dhimis loogu talagalay qaybaha qaar ka mid ah dadweynaha. Sidaas darteed, qiimaha tigidhada ee dadka waaweyn waa 400 rubles, oo loogu tala galay ardayda jaamacadaha Ruush, iyo sidoo kale dadka hawlgabka ah ee Federation Ruush iyo Belarus - 300 rubles. qiimaha tigidhada waxaa lagu Catherine Palace. safar uu ku dhex hoolasha (Amber Room ka mid ah) waxaa si gooni gooni ah lagu eedeeyay.