Artur Klark: Raadraaca buugaagta iyo rating

Arthur Clarke shaqeeya iyo qarniyada oo dhawr ah oo aan akhristayaasha oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale qorayaasha, kuwaas oo ku qor nooca ah ee sheekooyin sayniska. shuqulladiisa waa nooc-maleynayaa in kuwa ama dhacdooyinka kale ama teknoolajiyada ah.

Tusaale ahaan, Artur Klark iyo jeerba abuurka radar loogu ogaado walxaha duulaya, duulaya dayaxa, satalayt joogto ah idiinna Earth, abuurista kombiyuutarada, internetka iyo wax ka badan.

Biography qoraaga

Intii uu nolosha dheer of this nin weyn tagay sumadda ma aha oo kaliya in suugaanta, laakiin sidoo kale in sayniska iyo farsamada. Artur Klark, kuwaas oo Biography ayaa bilaabay 16.12.1917, ee gobolka of Somerset ee England, halkaas oo uu ku dhashay Minehead, dhamaatay 19.03.2008 sano ee Sri Lanka.

Inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, waxa uu ahaa mid ka mid ah horumarinta nidaamka navigation for duulaya xaaladaha cimilada kasin, iyo sheeko hore ayaa loo sooco waqti this.

Dagaalka ka dib, Artur Klark, isagoo ku darajo wayn oo ka mid ah Sarreeye Royal Air Force, qalin sharaf ka King ayaa College London, takhasuska "Physics iyo Xisaabta".

Back ee 1945, sida xubin ka mid ah Interplanetary British ah Society, qoraaga soo jeediyay fikrad ah ee la abuurayo nidaam midaysan ee saldhigyada meel kastana falagiisuu ee caalamka si loo abuuro nidaam caalami ah isgaarsiinta. Waxa uu xitaa ku qoray oo ku saabsan dhowr articles sayniska iyo caanka ah iyo buugaag si faahfaahsan dhinacyada farsamada ee mashruucan.

Marka waxaa la abuuray kastana falagiisuu dhex geostationary of 36,000 km kor ku heerka badda, iyada waxaa la siiyay magaca Artura Klarka in aqoonsiga uu qayb guusha this.

Laga soo bilaabo 1956 ilaa dhimashadiisii, Artur Klark ku noolaa Sri Lanka, halkaas oo uu ka helay dhalashada, iyo meesha qayb weyn oo ka mid ah wareegyada sheekooyin sayniska iyo tixaha la qoray. shaqada ugu danbeeyay ee ay Clarke sababtoo ah cudur la abuuray oo kaashanaysa qorayaasha kale, taas oo ka dhigaysa iyaga ma ka xiiso yarayn shuqulladiisa madax banaan.

muddo Creative ee 1951-1961 sano

In muddo ah ka soo 1951kii si 1961, Artur Klark, buugaag oo ka mid ah 22 novel shaqsi, 3 wareegyada iyo 4 qabsashada buugaagta uu shuqullada abuuray oo caanka ah ee dunida ka mid ah taageerayaasha qoraal ah sheekooyin sayniska.

novel ah "Teegeero in Space" (1951) wuxuu ahaa harbinger ka mid ah furayey satellite hore iyo dadka meel. In uu hab Writer luqad fudud oo la gaari karo sifo sheegayaa sheeko oo ka mid ah wax yar-yaqaan in uu saffarro wax sida qalabka farsamo ee pride iyo mabaadi'da duulimaad ay.

Wadnaha ee buugga waa sheeko aan dhab ahayn "Prometheus" ee doonnida, oo hadafkeedu ahaa diyaarad dayaxa. shaqada Kani waxa uu ahaa kor u qaadida duulimaadka bannaan. satellite The ugu horeysay, bilaabay in Midowga Soofiyeeti, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay ka gudbaan ciidanka of cuf kaliya ee 1957, oo soo degtey "Apollo" on moon ayaa ka dhacay 1969 novel ah "Teegeero in Space" la oran karo waa mid ka mid ah saadaasha ah, taas oo caan ku Artur Klark.

Published in isla sanadkaas novel ah "The Sands ee Mars" waxay bixisaa akhristayaasha rajo ma aha oo kaliya in ay safarka bannaan, laakiin sidoo kale horumarinta meerayaasha kale.

The novel content ugu lama filaan ah muddo this tixgeliyo shaqada ugu horeysay ee weyn ee Clark ee "End Childhood ee" (1953), kaas oo uu u fidiya miyir ka mid ah akhristayaasha fikradda ah in aadanaha ma aha oo keliya in koonkan baaxad weyn.

"Moondust" (1961) ma aha oo kaliya mid ka mid ah tixaha ugu fiican ee muddo hal abuur leh wax qora, laakiin magacaabay "Hugo." Shaqada wuxuu qeexayaa dejinta dayaxa iyo hanjabaad in dadka ku siin karaan dhulka satellite.

Wareegga "Space Odyssey 2001"

Marka Artur Klark (photo by author ee shaqada) qoray sheeko "Space Odyssey 2001" 1968, qarnigii 21aad muuqatay impossibly fog.

Laakiin maanta, fikradda ah sheeko ah oo ku saabsan tijaabo ah oo ku saabsan meeraha Earth in 3 milyan oo sannadood, weli ku habboon.

Dooda ku saabsan asalka ah ee nolosha caalamka ma joojin, erayada "runtan maanka" istiwooday ee nolol maalmeedka, iyo safarka interplanetary - waa kaliya wax ku xiran waqtiga.

Sida had iyo jeer, Clark filayay fikrado badan oo Daa'uud markuu qarnigiisa iyo su'aalaha oo culumadu adduunka oo dhan ayaa hadda raadinaya jawaabta ka hadlay. Wareegga, oo waxay bilaabeen in 1968, ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey 1997. Waxaa ka mid ah 4 novel, heegan u safraya Earthlings in search for sirdoonka leeska celin.

Sida laga soo xigtay shaqadan Stenli Kubrik faray filimka, taas oo uu noqday classic nidaam ku sifayn ah. Thanks to talantigii ka mid ah agaasimaha British iyo saamaynta gaar ah in loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee filimka, ku ambadeen wax filimka, xataa da'da digital, eegayaa hal go iyo si ka sii arko qoraal taxane-taariikheed documentary ah oo duulimaad aadanaha in Jupiter iyo mucaaradka in ay "caasi" sirdoonka computer ah.

"Jir" Cycle

"Rama" wareegga waxaa la abuuray ka badan 20 sano (1973-1993), iyo novel ah "kulmay Jhoti la Rama" waxaa loo arkaa ugu muhiimsan ee waxa aad ku qor naftiisa Artur Klark. qoraa buugaagta Rating mar walba ka mid ah shaqo this. Oo haddana wuxuu keenay nebula Award ah qoraaga, Hugo iyo Association Fiction Science British ah.

dhagarta sheekada of abuurka ah ee Space Patrol ah, kuwaas oo "raadinta" for astiriyoodhada hanjabo nolosha on Earth. wax la mid ah astiriyoodhada, kaas oo lahaa qaab cylindrical joogto ah iyo wadid koorso qorraxda ogaado.

Samaynta degtey aan caadi ahayn oo ku saabsan markabka, dadkii laga helay xaaladaha waxaa haboon badbaadada aadanaha, oo xataa wuxuu dadka deggan badda iyo dhirta on qararka. Sida aan ku biiro Sun ah, markabka "toos" aalado ah si ay u ilaaliyaan in uu hab-nololeedka.

theme ugu weyn ee novel ah - haddii aadanaha ayaa diyaar u ah in ay kulan la sirdoonka leeska ama cabsi, colnimo iyo faham la'aan ah shuruucda caalamka dadka ka tagi doono gudahood ay nidaamka qoraxda.

Wareegga "Odyssey of time"

The wareegga ugu duwanyihiin novel - "Storm The Sun on ah" (2005) - oo Istefanos Baxter co-qoraal ah. Tani waa musiibo sheeko, taas oo sheegaysa aafadaas a suurto gal ah iyo burburinta guud ee dhulka ay sabab u tahay dabeylo daran on qorraxda.

About u digay ka cir dumar duulimaadka Bayseza Dutt soo laabtay. Waxay ahayd in adduunka ah halkaas oo ma jiraan wax waqti-qaybsiga, iyo meesha xuquuqda curadkiisii wuxuu ahaa, kuwaas oo doonaya inuu baabbi'iyo earthlings iyo caalamka.

Qabato sheekada ka dhiga akhristayaasha walwalo qaddar ee aadanaha, taas oo, sida inta badan waa kiiska, waxay ku xiran tahay falalka ama laga tegay shaqsiyaadka.

shaqeeyaa 70-80s

In kasta oo ay cudurka (polio ogaadaa in 60-mada), Clark sii wadaan in ay si firfircoon u soo qori oo ku farxi akhristayaasha la tayadooda.

Waxaa ka mid ah shuqullada muddo this:

• "Hoomboro Island" - novel ah u hibeeyeen ilaa ay la mariyo mar fikradda ah "macquul" ah asalka ah ee hoonbarrooyinka iyo suurtagalnimada ee la xidhiidhka qofka.
• "The Songs of fog Earth" heegan u ah aadanaha dhintay, oo waxaa lagu halligay qorraxda. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in culumadu yaqaan waxa ku saabsan ka hor, in waxyaalaha moolka dheer oo bannaan in search of gogol haboon aadanaha cusub ayaa loo diray shaybaarka markab ah flora-dubato iyo reer meeraha iyo uurjiifka dadka. Planet Thalassa gaaray on-beegyada uu u ah gumeysi a mustaqbalka ee earthlings, iyo aalado shuqulka oo dhan lagu sameeyo, waayo, iyada dhaqaaqo.
• Book "Cradle si kastana falagiisuu" waxaa ka mid ah tixaha iyo sheekooyin gaagaaban oo Artura Klarka in sano kala duwan.

In uu hab wanaagsan caadiga Artur Klark, ee dib u eegista ku yiil kitaabkii dhagaystayaasha mar walba oo keliya ugu xamaasad in uu shaqada sida dun guduudan yahay xanbaarsan theme in aadanaha waa in ay ku noolaadaan nolol sharaf iyo inuu guulaysto caalamka.

Shuqullada 90s ee

Abuuridda ugu duwanyihiin iyo kan ugu dambeeya ka madax banaan novel Artura Klarka noqday masiibo, "Hammer oo ah Rabbiga", qoraal 1993.

cudurka qoraa gudubtay, wuxuu bilaabay inuu ku dhaqaajiyo kursiga curyaamiinta, laakiin shaqo firfircoon sida qoraa iyo dadweynaha, ayaa joojiyay.

novel The u hibeeyeen ilaa dhamaadka dhabta topic dunida, taas oo inta badan warbaahinta ee sannadahaas ayaa lala xiriiriyay dayrta ee asteriyoodh ah in Earth.

Merit qoraa

"Science tirada khayaali 1" - waa magaca Artura Klarka ilaa iyo haatan. shuqulladiisa ayaa reissued iyaga on filimada, iyo qoraa waxay ahayd ma aha oo kaliya ku guuleystay mid ah abaalmarinta suugaaneed la qaderiyo, laakiin waxa uu ahaa boqoradu by Queen Elizabeth II.