Baroque Butros. Astaamaha u gaarka ah Baroque

St. Petersburg, loo arkaa mid ka mid ah ugu yaraa oo ka mid ah magaalooyinka waaweyn ee dunida, waa Avv si dhab ah u gaar ah oo ka mid ah isbeddellada bilicsanaanta of Qarniyadii hore la dhaqanka reer galbeedka iyo Ruush. Khubarada ayaa sheegaya in uu style farshaxanka waxaa loo dejiyay content ee Zaman ee ay asal ahaan. Ka dib oo dhan, magaalada waxaa la abuuray qarnigii hore toddoba, oo aan saamayn ku yeelan kara muuqaalkiisa.

Dhisay doonista Adkaadaha oo nin keliya - Petra Velikogo, uu u nuugo kala duwan ee naqshadaha Yurub oo dhan. Qaab la abuuray maanka Tsar la soo dhaafay Ruush sarkhaansan Frantsa Leforta iyo Vinius - ganacsatada Holland, kuwaas oo ay leedahay ururinta weyn ah farshaxankiisa iyo daabacayaa. Waxay Yurub iyo, gaar ahaan waa, magaalada Dutch, taas oo inta badan si cad u muuqata naqshadaha galbeedka ee qarnigii 17aad ayaa lagu sawiray.

Astaamaha u gaarka ah Baroque

naqshadaha Tani, taas oo taageerayaasha naqshadaha classical muddo dheer aan la arkin sida madax-bannaan ah, u muuqday in Europe ee Warega ee soo daahay Renaissance ah. Waxa ay ahayd sida haddii ay sii iyo horumarinta. Ilaa xad, style this of naqshadaha la odhan karaa inuu ku soo laabto falsafada. astaamaha ugu wayn waxaa weeye dhegeysiga iyo baxsanaya. dabbaaldegaan of fikradda ah iyo nin kuwaas oo fulin ah injineero muddada, samaynta qaab-dhismeedka waa faahfaahinta farshaxanka aad u qurux badan oo hodan ah. Habka of hababka kala duwan oo xiiso leh ay ku abuuray dhismaha dhab ah milaratigooda.

warbixin guud

"Baroque Butros" - erey loo isticmaalo by taariikhyahan farshaxanka in ay style naqshadda, ansixiyeen Peter Weyn. Waxaa si weyn loo loo isticmaalo design dhismayaasha ee markaas caasimada - St. Petersburg.

In sano ee 1697-1698, Peter Weyn booqday safaarada oo ka mid ah Netherlands, gaar ahaan Amsterdam. magaalada Tani waa si gaar ah jeclaan gooyo la jidadka adag radially-qorsheeyay, khadadka-gashan uu channels ah. Amsterdam guriyo dhamaadka sare cidhiidhi casilay gables saddex xagal, munaaradaha ama saqafyada wareegsan. naqshadaha dhaqanka Dutch ee qarnigii 17aad waxaa lagu gartaa isticmaalka madaxtooyada xubno si sida burbura, sida daaqadaha, cornices, pilasters, portals volutes. Tani waxay ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ah in la abuuro xarrago leh iyo xafladda, oo ay weheliso ganacsi suubban iyo image of magaalada.

Butros ayaa Waali fikradda ah in Russia biiri karaan dalalka reer galbeedka ilbaxnimada, waxayna raaceen jidkii Yurub, siyaasadeed ma aha oo kaliya ama dhaqaale, laakiin sidoo kale horumarinta dhaqanka inta badan. Iyo in sababta uu lagu casuumay in ay ka shaqeeyaan in uu caasimada cusub oo injineero badan oo caan ah, sculptors iyo Ranjiilayaasha.

Petrovsky Maniram

Xitaa magaca cad in ay tahay muuqashada ee dalkeenna, style this la yaab leh waxaa waajib ku ah in ashtakooday boqorka ugu horeysay Ruush. baroque Peter uu ahaa mid isku dar ah ee dalal Talyaani ee isku magaca leh classicism hore Faransiis iyo rococo. naqshada kasta, kuwaas oo lagu casuumay in ay St. Petersburg, wuxuu ahaa xeerkii uu dugsiga naqshadda. Taasi waa sababta baroque Butros ka tarjumaysaa ma isbeddellada arrin cad xilliga.

Peter rabitaan weyn in magaaladan bay ugu quruxda badan iyo sabab u ahaa in inta lagu guda jiro boqornimadiisa noqday jihada a asaasiga ah Baroque naqshadda. Design iyo dhismaha dhismayaasha style this, kaas oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Butros Maniram, ee St. Petersburg ee qarniyo yar ee soo socda ayaa lagu qeexay horumarinta naqshadaha.

Features

The boqor ugu horeysay Ruush doonayeen inay u guurto ka xeerkii naqshadaha Byzantine iska. Markii ugu of formation of jihada uu hoos u dhaco on qarnigii 17aad. style Baroque ee Peter sidaas wax yar ka duwan yahay ka ay noocooda Yurub. Ugu horeyn waa - macquulsan, Hufnaan iyo xog.

Mid ka mid ah qaababka ugu muhiimsan soocayaa in sifaha Markos Architecture baroque - a dhismayaasha rinjiga iyo laba midab, casaan iyo caddaan. Muuqaal kale - tarjumaad planar of Qurxinta ah.

The dhismayaasha hore waxaa ku jiray buulasha ee St. Petersburg, iyo sidoo kale dhismayaasha alwaax, in qaab-dhismeedka ay la mid yihiin reer galbeedka nus-timbered. Waxay dalbadeen rinjiyeynta malaastaan. Sidaa darteed, dhismayaasha sida, iyo xataa meesha lebenku "la xirmi" bixin kara a reliefs yar yahay qaybo ama moldings iyo pilasters iyo meegaarka albaabada doorsoon.

style Description

baroque Butros waxa lagu gartaa isticmaalka xubno ka Tuscan ah classic ama Korintos, inkastoo Fasirka aad u arinku iyo in ka badan shinka. More caadi ahaayeen "garbaha" Ruush fudud in bedelay pilasters iyo tiirar. Windows duniyooyinka architraves ka qortay - sida caadiga ah caddaan on asalka ah oo cas, oo leh dhagid sifo, dhegaha, iyadoo la isticmaalayo sare ee dhagaxa. Labada geesood oo dhismaha ee style Baroque ah, iyo xaaladaha qaarkood, iyo dabaqa koowaad, ka dhigay baxay rustication.

Tani dabaaldeg iyo xarrago injineero eegno kaabaya faahfaahin badan oo naqshadda yar sida Qaababka, Suul iyo balustrades. Isticmaalka dhammaan qaybaha saadaalineysa of a pediments qaanso-qaabeeya ama semi-wareeg ah loo tixgeliyo khasab ah. Sayidka, aragga casri ah iyo roofline ku hodanaynta.

Sidoo kale caadi ahaa oo la taagey Sidaana iyo dheryaha. On dalcadaha injineero rakibay koridoor. Tan iyo qaybta sare ee dhismayaasha badan helay Xoolo ah dushana madaxtooyada iyo xeelado aad u sarreeya.

injineero Baroque

Xitaa ka hor aasaasay of Peter St. Petersburg iyo safiirada uu guud ahaan Yurub wuxuu bilaabay inuu shaqaalayaal u kireeyo ajnabiga: injineero, qalcado, injineerada. In wajiga koowaad dhammaan dhismayaasha magaalada waxaa lagu dhisay on mashaariicda ee injineero shisheeye ah kuwaas oo u yimid in ay u adeegaan ee Russia. Oo marka hore iyaga ka mid ahaa Domenico Trezzini dhisay dhismayaasha ugu caansan ee St. Petersburg, taas oo ka wakiil ah style Markos Baroque. Photo Peter iyo Paul Cathedral - caddayn cad. munaaraddii dawan Its waa a-sare sare xukuma Petersburg. Weji duwan Jestkii sharraxnaan jirtay ee Cathedral ee boosaska samada daruuro leh sida soo horjeeda buux khadadka idinkoo Goodin oo godoon Neva.

Analog cathedral naqshadaha Western shiidaa ma jiro. Waxa uu axdiga uugu keliya Jestkii qaloocin ku yaal dhismaha Exchange ee Kobanheegan, ayaa sal u ah kaas oo sidoo kale been qaab Baroque. Photos of dambaysta ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa caddayn kale ee xaqiiqda ah in steeple St. Petersburg wax yar oo kala duwan: labaduba ay le'eg tahay iyo qaabka weji duwan.

Waxaa ka mid ah injineero ugu horeysay oo abuuray baroque Butros, waxaa iska leh, marka lagu daro Trezzini, iyo Jean-Baptiste Leblond iyo Schluter, iyo Fontana JM. Iyo Michetti iyo Mattarnovi. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah u yimid inuu Russia at martiqaad ee Peter. naqshada kasta oo keenaya in muuqaalka kore ee dhismayaasha ku hoos dhaqan dhismaha, wax caadi ah in uu dalka, waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee dugsiga, kaas oo lagu matalayay. Caawinta si ay u fuliyaan mashaariicda ay, si tartiib tartiib ah isaga addoonsada dhaqanka ee Yurub Baroque iyo injineero maxaliga ah sida Michael Zemtsov.

Khilaaf ka baroque Moscow

baroque Peter waa caadiga ah ee St. Petersburg. Ka baxsan dhismayaasha waa mid aad u yar. Gaar ahaan, Menshikov Tower ah, ka dhisay Moscow iyo dhiman ee Kadriorg Palace.

Si ka duwan jihada Naryshkin ee Moscow, Peter the Great, soo bandhigay diidmada af of xeerkii Byzantine, heysatay Architecture-Ruush ah ku dhowaad toban qarniyo, waxaa lagu gartaa dhabanada iyo dheelitirka. Go'doon ee xarunta kooban, iridescence iyo xakamaynta in decoration, furan yahay suuqa kala cusubi iyo qaab, terraces saqafka la jabay ah - kuwan oo dhan sifooyinka of style Baroque ah, loo magacaabay in sharaf of boqor ugu horeysay, wuxuu noqday astaanta dhismayaasha badan Peter.

tusaalooyin caan ah

Maanta, dalxiisayaasha yimaada caasimada waqooyiga, waxay fursad u leeyihiin in ay maqsuud shuqulkii gacmahaaga naqshada soo shaqeeyay ee muddo. Markos Baroque waxaa halkan wakiil dhismayaasha badan oo si fiican u yaqaan. Tani waa Peter iyo Paul Cathedral, Alexander Nevsky Lavra, House iyo toban Kulliyadaha la qasriga xagaaga ee Peter aan, Schluter Chamber, Menshikov Palace, Kunstkamera, taas oo ka shaqeeyey on abuurista dad badan, oo Mattarnovi, Kiaveri iyo Zemtsov. Abuurista dambaysta ah sidoo kale waa Church of Simecoon iyo Anna.

On Vasilevsky Island waa tusaale kale oo dhismaha ah in baroque - qasriga ugu horeysay ee grand ee St. Petersburg. Waxay ahayd joogitaanka ah ee Governor General in marti dhaweyntiisa iyo maray Golaha. Sida tusaale caadiga ah ee madaxtooyada oo hodan ah, taasoo ka dhigeysa Aamino weyn ee qararka ah, qaab dhismeedka sidoo kale ka dhigan tahay Baroque Markos.

Laba iyo toban dhismaha Kulliyadaha

Dhow yahay taallo kale dhisay style this naqshadda. Tani House iyo toban Kulliyadaha. Naqshada Trezzini ahaa hab aad u asal ah si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatada ka imaanaysa Peter. Tani dhismaha in qaab Baroque, taas oo ah laba iyo toban dhismayaasha la mid ah qabanqaabiyaa line a soo socda si uu midba midka kale, iyada oo loo marayo waddada caadi ah, iskala saddex boqol iyo siddeetan mitir. qayb kasta wuxuu leeyahay saqafka u gaar ah. Xaaladdan oo kale, Cascade macno breathtaking of gables soo noqnoqda iyo qiyaas ee Aamino, pilasters iyo architraves in cokan tolnimo ah casaan iyo caddaan ku siinayaa qaab dhismeedka aragti haybad.

naqshadaha muuqaalka

Features of Baroque waxaa lagu arki karaa oo keliya ma aha ee dhismayaasha la dhisay in xiliyo. No wax ka yar xiiso yihiin daaraha waaweyn iyo beeraha. Tani, tusaale ahaan, loo yaqaan oo dhan Garden ee Xagaaga, kaas oo loo bixiyey on tirada gaar ah Peter; Peterhof galidoonaan, oo ku salaysan, taas oo, sida laga soo xigtay khubaro, waa dareenkaa u gooyo ugu horeysay ee Russian ka booqashooyin uu Versailles. Maanta waxay yihiin taxadiri arrin muhiim ah naqshadda dhismaha muuqaalka.

Summer Garden ahayd isku day ah in boqorkii a of park weyn sameeyaan "wax ay ku dhisanto." Oo waxay lahayd il in resonate la mawduucyada of sheekooyin Aesop ee, oo lagu rakibay ee gallery gaar ah oo laga helay inta lagu jiro excavations ee Rome oo si dhib weyn keenay Russia taalada ee Venus - nuqul qadiimiga Roman marmar ah ee asalka ah Hellenistic. Kooxda martida Garden, iyada oo aan marka laga reebo, lahaa inaan dhunkado marmar qabow ilaahadda jaahilka ah. Sidaana iyo busts kale ayaa lagu rakibay weheliyaan luuqyo ah, iyo sidoo kale "at Versailles."

xagaaga Palace

Wakiilkan wuxuu dhalaalaya oo Markos Baroque yar oo aad u fudud marka la eego qaabka. Waxaa si buuxda u waafaqsan tahay hawsha ay qabanayaan - siinta fursado ay fasax boqornimada qoyska.

Dadka qaarkood waxay ugu yeedhaan Taalladaas Butros style Baroque Waynaa sababtoo ah halka ay size yar yar, "aqalada ugu horeysay Ruush." Sida labada muhandas iyo naqshadeeye, D.Trezini toos ah dhismaha madaxtooyada lagu jiro oo dhan afar sano. The Bas-reliefs dibadda by theme mythological sameeyey. Ujeedadu waxay ahayd perpetuation Trezzini of guul War Northern ah. Ka hor inta aan saffarro iyo u yimid si fiican u sii raagayaan xardhay geedkii iyo walnut rinji sharraxdid ee farshaxanka gudaha iyo saqafka.

Gebogebadii

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in loo arko ma arrin ilaa magaceeda, baroque Peter ee ay jidka u gaar ah gaar ah. Iyada oo dhammaan amaahda si cad u arki karo, style this badan oo dabeecadda qofka ku keenaa. Waxaa intaa dheer, dhismaha xiliyo aan haysan analogues ee dunida, ay yihiin asalka ah. The guriyo dhismayaasha, inkastoo fudud, laakiin waqti isku mid ah xarrago leh oo aad u wakiil. Iyagu ma leeyihiin dahabka weyn oo culus, iyo hadalka gaadhay faahfaahinta ugu yar.