Boris Rauschenbach: Biography iyo sawirka

Academician Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah - Soviet Russia iyo cilmiga dunida-caan ah, mid ka mid ah aasaasayaasha astronautics in USSR. In jirka ah, makaanik, ayuu aan ku koobnayn oo kaliya in ay takhasuska this. Boris V. ka tirsan tahay shuqulladiisa cilmiyaysan oo duurka ku ah taariikhda fanka, taariikhda diinta, iyo sidoo kale shaqada saxaafadda, waayo arrimo badan oo casri ah oo ku helay taageero adduunka oo dhan. Waxa lagu maaraynta dhaqdhaqaaqa Ruush Jarmalka u soo kabashada ee dhalashadiisa.

Qoraayaashii saynisyahano

Boris Rauschenbach ku dhashay Petrograd (hadda St. Petersburg) January 18, 1905 oo qoyska ka mid ah Ruush Jarmalka.

dugsiga sare ka dib, ninkii dhallinyarada shaqo ee warshad dayuuradaha ee Leningrad helay. Waxyaabaha gaarka ah ee geedka door ee uu qaddar, in 1932 uu noqday arday ka tirsan machadka Leningrad ee Civil Injineerro Fleet bilaabaa inuu ka qayb qaataan in majiire. Craze ayaa keentay in aan iqiinna la Sergey Pavlovich Korolev, iyo mustaqbalka, iyo in ay iskaashi isaga la warshadaha gantaal iyo meel cilmiga Soofiyeeti.

In 1937, Rauschenbach u guuray caasimadda si ay uga shaqeeyaan Gantaal koox Machadka Cilmi-baarista, hogaaminayo Sergei Korolev. Sidaas Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, sawir iyo magaca oo markii danbe ku hadhay hadlin a muddo dheer dadweynaha, ayaa kacay oo ku tiirsan oo ka mid ah aasaasayaasha barnaamijka meel Soviet.

Next ahaa shaqo ee warshad difaaca ee Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg maanta), kaas oo lagu daad gureeyay Machadka Cilmi-Gantaal ku November 1941 (RNII).

In guga ee 1942 Rauschenbach la xiray iyo diray xerada a xaqiiqda ah in uu ahaa Jarmal. In xerada shaqada, Boris V. sii wadaan in ay ka shaqeeyaan ka qariyay qolofka lidka diyaaradaha, xisaabaha ay duulimaadka. Waxaa la arkay naqshadeeye diyaaradaha ogeysiiyo Viktorom Bolhovitinovym. Thanks isaga si, 1945 Rauschenbach lagu wareejiyay Nizhny Tagil in booska uu ka qariib gaar ah.

In 1948, iyadoo madaxa cusub ee RNII Mstislav Keldysh Rauschenbach helo NII-1 ee sare ee waaxda Wasaaradda Duulista Warshadaha.

In 1955, Rauschenbach noqotay in Sergeyu Korolevu, halkaas oo marka hore aduunka ee waxay bilaabeen inay bartaan hanuuninta iyo dhaqdhaqaaq ee baabuurta bannaan.

Rauschenbach qoyska iyo asal ahaan ay

Sida u sheegay Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, qoyskiisa u muuqday in Russia ee qarnigii XVIII ah. In 1766, Empress Catherine II abaabulay olole dib u dejinta Jarmalka ee Russia. Thanks to this siyaasadda, oo waxaa jiray awoowe u ahaa saynisyahan ka Karl-Friedrich Rauschenbach naagtiisa ee gobolka Volga la.

Aabaha cilmiga, Victor Ya (magaca dhexe ka yimaado magaca uu awoowe Yacquub), waxay ahayd hooyo ah gobolka Volga, gobolka, kaas oo wakhtigaas la aasaasay gumeysi ah degayaasha Jarmal. Bartay ee Germany, ka dibna uu ka shaqeeyay sidii Tababaraha farsamo ee hargaha "Skorokhod".

Sida laga soo xigtay-qorka ee Boris Viktorovich, aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa qof aad u naxariis iyo dambi dhaafe. Marka wiilka ku soo koray, Victor Ya si adag u keeneen dareen sharaf ah, waayo asalka Jarmal. Isla mar ahaantaana wuxuu ku dhammaataan sameeyey.

Rauschenbach hooyadiis, Leontine Fridrihovna (style Ruush - F.) Gallico ku dhashay Estonia (Saaremaa), asal - Baltic Jarmal. Ogaa afar luqadood - Ruush, Jarmal, Faransiis iyo Istooniyaan, taas oo sii qayb qaatay in ay shaqo ee Russia galay bonnoy barwaaqo ah qoyska. Ka dib markii iyada guur iyana waxay noqotay guri joogta ah.

Hooyo ahaa macalin aad u adag laakiin cadaalad ah, in kasta oo ay dabiicadda - qof faraxsan, firfircoon oo faraxsan. Waxa ay ahayd tii Ruhbaaniyad in carruurtooda (Boris walaashiis Karin Elena) awoodda in aan la lumin ruux ee xaaladaha adag maalin kasta oo iyaga ka caawiyay mustaqbalka. Boris Rauschenbach, kuwaas oo Biography waxaa ka buuxay xaaladaha sida habboon noolaan karto noloshaada cajiib ah.

Boris Rauschenbach shan iyo toban sannadood diiday aabbihiis, waayo, wuxuu geeriyooday da'da iyo lixdan sannadood ka wadnaha oo shaqadiisa gaba.

Oo hooyadiis ayaa ku dhintay dagaalka ka dib. Loss of hooyadiis Boris soo maray caddaymo aad u adag oo ah in - warqad walaashiis, taas oo uu la hadhay.

nolosha Personal

Ay qaddar, Vera Mikhailovna, Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah kulmay Moscow, halkaas oo uu u dhaqaaqay 1937, sida Dhismaha maraakiibta iyo warshadaha badda ee Leningrad isagu ma uu xiiseynayo. Wakhtigan dalku ku soo jiray diidanaa in la ruxruxo ee xarig iyo Rauschenbach, Jarmal ah oo si fudud u noqon kartaa in xeryaha. Arrimahan waxay ku riixay saynisyahan dhallinyarada ahaa inay u soo guuraan caasimadda, halkaas oo mid ka mid ah ma ay garanayn isaga.

Soon Boris ee aqalka, halkaas oo uu la saaxiibo uu ku noolaa, ayaa degeen for Haweenay a Vera. Vera M. waxa uu ku dhashay Kramatorsk (Ukraine). Waxaan u imid inaan Moscow si ay u bartaan. Ilaa hurdada kale ayay adeerkiis, kaas oo lagu qabtay post a sare ku noolaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 19 May, oo uu ku qabtay ka dibna toogtay iyo Haweenay saaro. Sidaas Vera ahaa ee aqalka, halkaas oo uu ku noolaa Rauschenbach.

Dadka dhallinyarada guursaday dagaalka ka hor, 24 May 1941. Sida laga soo xigtay-qorka ee Rauschenbach, sax diiwaangelinta ay ayaa lagu tilmaamay in "12 kuraasta" by Ilf iyo Petrov. Waxa ay ahayd mid xiiso leh ... ma ay qeyb doonaa waqti this, xitaa marka Boris V. xerada ku jiray shaqada (naagtiisa inta badan soo booqday).

Waxa uu u maleeyay Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, nolashiisa qaaska ah ayaa si guul leh horumariyo, in kasta oo ay hoog nolosha. Waxay leeyihiin carruurta cajiib ah oo ay dhaleen. Waayo, qaar ka mid ah waxaa la yaab leh in sanado aad u badan uu Vera M. - xaaska kaliya.

Habka ugu galay meel

Sida cilmiga ah, Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich qudhiisa weli tijaabiyey diyaaradaha Leningrad warshad tirada 23, halkaas oo uu ku hawlan dhismaha iyo imtixaanka ee dayuurad yar ah. Shaqada ayaa ka qayb qaatay qoraal ah oo ka mid ah waraaqaha cilmiyeed ugu horeysay, theme of taas oo ahayd xasiloonida gaadhya diyaaradda tailless. theme la mid ah Boris Rauschenbach ku hawlan RNII Queen, laakiin hadda shaqada this iska gantaalaha ah.

In 1938, mashruuca la joojiyay sababo la xiriira in la soo xiro of Queen ah, iyo Rauschenbach dib u habeysay matoorada diyaaradaha, aragtida ah ee soo sari.

Gulag ma aha caqabad ku ah cilmiga ah: in xerada uu ka shaqeeya qariyay qolofka lidka diyaaradaha, in mustaqbalka uu gacan ka heli xerada dibaddeedii, si ay u noqdaan waddanka u soo guurey gaarka ah iyo in ay sii wadaan shaqada RNII.

In 1948, in madaxa cusub ee Machadka Cilmi baarista Gantaalaha Mstislav Keldysh Rauschenbach mahad ku soo laabtay Moscow, halkaas oo ay ku-SRI 1 ayaa ku hawlan engine ramjet, kuwaas oo gariirka sari iyo gariirka loomana baahno in noocan ah engine.

In 1955, Boris V. u baxay inuu ka shaqeeyo ee Queen, halkaas oo uu sida cilmiga lahaa fursad gaar ah - markii ugu horeysay ee adduunka si ay u fuliyaan shaqada la xiriira ee hanuuninta iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa baabuurta ee bannaan. Ka dibna, in kooxdiisa toogashada shaqada of Moon mahad by pride ee Soviet "Luna-3" waxaa lagu qabtay. In 1960, Rauschenbach credit waxaa la guddoonsiiyey Prize Lenin ah.

In 1958, Boris V. difaacay sida uu u sha phD (PhD difaacay 1948).

In ka yar toban sano saynisyahano in ay ogaadaan nidaamka gacanta habdhaqanka interplanetary duulimaadka saldhiga "Venus", "Mars", "baaritaankoodu" pride in hab automatic iyo buuga.

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, kuwaas oo Biography ayaa si xoogan loola Cosmos ee, sidoo kale ka qeyb qaatay firfircoon ee diyaarinta iyo fulinta duulimaadka ee cosmonaut ugu horeysay ee Yuri Gagarin.

In 1966, Boris V. loo doortay xubin ka mid ah oo u dhiganta oo ka mid ah Academy of Sciences (AS) ee USSR ah, iyo labaatan sano ka dib wuxuu noqday xubin buuxda oo ka mid ah Academy of Sciences.

Iconography iyo Rauschenbach

Sida cilmiga ah si kaftan ah ayaa sheegay in uusan la theme sayniska ka qaban kari waayay, hadduu durba ka shaqeeya in ka badan darsin ah cilmibaadhe oo kale. Oo waa in isku midka ah shaqada on bannaan ee bilaabay inuu xiiseynayo in dhammaan waa ben wax cusub, weli awoodo aan, sida farshaxanka, iconography.

Boris Rauschenbach, iyo kacsi xaaraan ah taariikhda kaas oo muujiyey sida ilmo, wuxuu jeclaa in ay u safraan badan, gaar ahaan magaalo taariikh guun ah. Tartiib tartiib, laakiin si fiican danta sayniska waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan astaamo ah. Xaqiiqada ah in uu ku ceeboobin jidka kala iibsiga ee meel bannaan oo aan iyaga ku jiro, loo yaqaan "aragtida dambe", caqli iyo lid ku ah xeerarka loo yaqaano ee sawir by.

Interest in aragtida dambe ayaa sidoo kale lala xiriiriyay xalka aaladaha dhibaatooyinka tabaneeyo in meel bannaan oo.

Seynisyahanno bilaabay in ay baaritaan ku this ifafaale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu qaaday tixgeliyaan shaqada ee isha, maskaxda. Si arrintan loo sameeyo wuxuu lahaa in la sameeyo sharaxaad xisaabeed ee hawsha maskaxda. Sidaas darteed, Rauschenbach garawsannay in calanka la yaab leh oo dhan waa dabiici ah oo lama huraan u yimid.

Waxa uu u maleeyay Boris Viktorovich Raushenbah, iconography waa mid dhab ah oo kala duwan oo aan ahayn kan u arka nin oo sabab u ah qalab indhaha qaarkood. Sidaas darteed, icon ku dhigaysa na waxay aaminsan yihiin in dunida waa run ahaantii aad u fiican oo ka wanaagsan.

Rauschenbach dhaadhiciyay in ay tahay wax aan macquul aheyn in la fahmo walxood oo ah, fiqiga aan ogayn. Markaasuu bilaabay inuu ku bartaan fiqiga, xataa wax qoraal ah ee arimahan, gaar ahaan Saddexmidnimada ( "macquulka ah ee Saddexmidnimada").

Waddada lagu gaarayo Asalraacnimadu

Boris Rauschenbach at baabtiiskii ee 1915 ayaa laga soo qoray iimaanka aabbihiis - is baddalay. rumaysadka lahaa wakhtigaas oo ku saabsan 20% of Ruush Jarmalka.

Waa in la ogaadaa in wax Wanaajiya, in la barbardhigo Lutherans ah ma aqoonsana walxood, ha isticmaalin calaamada iskutallaabta. Laakiin ka dib amarka Emperor Alexander I iyo Nicholas I, is baddalay oo Lutherans ayaa darsadeen hal kaniisad, iyo Boris raacay hooyadiis kaniisadda Lutheran, inkastoo magaalada sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa kaniisad is baddalay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababo aan la garanayn Rauschenbach ma noqon xubin ka mid ah kiniisadda is baddalay, laakiin ixtiraam iyada, iyada image dhawray.

Damacsanaayeen Diinta Boris V. dareemay xerada ka dib. Waxa uu bilaabay inuu ka qayb kaniisadda Orthodox ah, qaaday suugaanta ku habboon, waxay bilaabeen in ay raacaan adeegyada ee kaniisadda, laakiin waa la baabtiisay wax yar oo kaliya ka hor geeridiisa.

Rauschenbach xusuusannaa in shaqada guul ka mid ah nidaamka lagu jiro olole caalami ah oo pride soo socda mar walba kacay oo wuxuu ka dhigay calaamada iskutallaabta.

Inta lagu guda jiro soo dhaweynta ee Kremlin ay ku beegnaa furitaanka pride ugu horeysay Boris V. ahaa qofka kaliya ee ay soo bandhigaan nin si Yeedha wakiilada Kiniisada Orthodox Church ee, kaas oo, Dabcan, ma geli log dhacdo yimid.

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, buugaag iyo articles, kuwaas oo baahsan, ma wadaagno in ay nidaamka hadda jira ee fahamka dunida - diinta iyo sayniska. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in uu jiro ereygu wuxuu iyaga ka mid ah.

Sanadkii 1987, in Macalester "shuuciga" Academician Rauschenbach daabacday maqaal ka go'an in ay sanad guurada 1000aad ah Baabtiisku of rus. In waxa cilmiga ku tilmaamay muhiimadda ay leedahay dhacdadan dowladda Ruush. August "communists" Qolka waxaa isla markiiba la iibiyay, xataa dukaan ee CPSU ah.

A dhowr sano ka dib yimaado shaqo kale oo academician - ". Macquulka ah ee Saddexmidnimada" article ayaa sababay dareen-celin gaar ah, u eg reer kuwaas oo maqlay ilaa iyo haatan.

Rauschenbach Saddexmidnimada

Boris Rauschenbach Saddexmidnimada lahaa xukunka u gaar ah in uu ku siinayaa in uu buugga "macquulka ah ee Saddexmidnimada." Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, kiniisadda Markuu wax barayay siiyey go'aan si fiican oo sax ah caqabadaha u wajahaya - muujinta Ilaah iyo waqti isku mid ah sida triad iyo monad.

saynisyahan wuxuu tilmaamay in account hadda ka mid ah mabaadi'da iimaanka Orthodox ku eg bixitaanka ka caqiido ah, maxaa yeelay, waxaa uu sheegay in qof kasta oo ku Saddexmidnimada - Ilaah. Waxaa la mid ah ayaa la sheegay iyo salaadda.

Boris Rauschenbach, "macquulka ah ee Trinity," taas oo ah isku day ah in la fahmo doodda Florensky iyo E. N. Trubetskogo midnimada Ilaah, oo soo socda inuu ka eegaysana ee sayniska. Waa in la ogaadaa in cilmiga ah ee awoodda Soviet noqday xiisaysaa mowduucyo fiqi ahaaneed, inkastoo ay ku reeyey kuwii sano ee mulxidnimo xagjirka ah.

Waxa uu ku mashquulsan yahay, waxaa suurtagal ah in si toos ah ay qaataan fikirka ah caqiidada siiyo by Aabbaha Florensky, laakiin xidha in a model macquul ah qaarkood. Haddii ay taasi suurtogal ahayn, ka dibna qofka rumaysan doonaan in Ilaah, ma aha in qaabdarro jira, in kastoo aan macquulka ah qaar ka mid ah.

Waxa la yaab leh, Rauschenbach helay model xisaabeed si ay u sharxaan macquulka ah ee astaanta u ah iimaanka, oo ay uu aamino saddexmidnimada. model Tani cadeeyay inuu yahay dulinka ah iyo saddex qaybood oo ay nidaamka isku xirka saddex dhinac-cabbir ah.

dhibaatadii loo xalliyay: cilmiga Saddexmidnimada (Trinity) ahaa taam macquulka ah ee rasmiga ah. Dhacdadani waxa la barbar dhigi karaa qaraxa ee qaraxa. Dabcan, ee "macquulka ah ee Saddexmidnimada" waa aasaaska, laakiin ma joojiyo in aqoonta Ilaah, tan iyo nuxurka aqoonta Ilaah waa la koobi karayn.

Muwaadin ka mid ah dalkooda

Raushenbah Boris Viktorovich, buugaagta, articles, kuwaasi oo ay inta badan la raacio walaac qaddar ee ay dalka iyo dunida, ma adkaysan kari waayay si uu u daawado waxa ka dhacaya hareerihiisa ku wareegsan. saboolnimada hadda dadka Ruush ah, saboolnimada, sayniska isaga ka dhigay gudaha xanuun iyo cadho. Isagu ma fahmi karaan la'aanta ah ee lacagaha ka gobolka maalgelinta waxbarashada, sayniska, halka dalka waxaa jiray kobcinta a isdabamarin category a qaar ka mid ah dadka.

"Therapy lama filaan ah" Gaidar ee Boris Viktorovich, sayniska ugu sareeya xirfadeed, farshaxanka, dhaqaalaha, oo waxay noqdeen tusaale ka mid ah la'aanta ah ee xirfad hogaamineed ee dalka. Rauschenbach rumeysan yahay in Russia waa in la helo hab ka mid ah ismariwaagii, yar xanuun Russia.

"Afkaarta calool-xumida" Rauschenbach

In uu article ee la soo dhaafay "Afkaarta calool-xumida" Boris Rauschenbach ka tarjumaysaa on mustaqbalka binu-aadmiga oo dhan, laftiisa naxli ma aha oo kaliya sida muwaadin u dhashay Russia, laakiin sidoo kale dhammaan muwaadiniinta ee meeraha Earth.

Cinwaanka aad ee qodobkan wuxuu leeyahay oo ku saabsan nooca shakhi kuwan. Waxaa Rauschenbach kala fikradda ah dimuqraadiyadda ka leexo dimuqraadiyadda in ahaaday ee dunida maanta. Oo uusan ka dhigi laga reebo ah Russia.

Qoraaga barbaro in xaqiiqda ah in dhammaan dambiyada weyn ka go'an hoos dhigyo dimuqraadi ah, ee windbags dimuqraadi ah waxaa inta badan ma ay garan by micne lahayn in ay ka wakiil ah danaha dadka ka fog awoodda dareenka.

In ay shaqada, academician soo jeedinayso in ay qiyamka insaanka dhaqameed, kuwaas oo, qoyska, beesha laabto. Wuxu qabaa, in masuuliyadda dadka waa in ay ka badan tahay xuquuqdooda. Rauschenbach aaminsan yihiin in kaliya sidan ka badbaadin doonaa baabba 'ah aadanaha. kale ma siin. Intaa waxaa dheer, cilmiga uu rumaysan yahay in ay jirto in dawladda ka mid ah caalamka, kuwaas oo siyaasad ahaan adag doonaa, laakiin hadda aad u xirfad leh.

Waayo, qarnigii la soo dhaafay, sida laga soo xigtay Rauschenbach, aadanaha ahaa dhaqaaqin dhinaca ka soo horjeeda, isaga iyo dabeecadda remaking. Iyo, nasiib daro, waxaa jira shaqsiyaad aad u yar oo indhaha dadka ee ka furi karaa in khaladka la soo dhaafay iyo hadiyad, kuwaas oo aan weli la arkin dhamaadka.

gunaanad

Boris Rauschenbach dhintay March 27, 2001. Qabrigiisa waa in qubuuraha Novodevichy ah.

Isagu wuxuu u dhintay saynisyahan maalintii Theodore Icon oo ka mid ah Hooyo Ilaah. aaska oo lagu qabtay xarunta macbudka St. Nicholas Kuznetsky. Tani waxa ay ahayd doonista cilmiga fiican Soviet iyo Ruush.

xaggiisa, Dadka ayaa laga badiyay mid ka mid ah Sweden ay, muwaadin Earth caalamka.

Qiimaha kaalin cilmiga ee sayniska iyo dhaqanka ee Russia odhan horyaal iyo abaalmarino. Rauschenbach waa xubin firfircoon ee sadexda akademi (Academy of Sciences, Academy Caalamiga ah ee Astronautics iyo Tsiolkovsky Space Academy.). Waxa uu abaal Lenin iyo Demidov Prize, iyo Hero of Socialist Labour. Kormeero Golaha Cilmi baarista "History of World Culture" Raas.