Caanka ah "muggeed oo adkaada" (qaab-dhismeedka, fikradda muhiimka)

Waxa loogu yeero "muggeed oo adkaada" (qayb ka mid ah taas oo ahayd arrin yar) - isbahaysi ee composers Ruush kuwaas oo soo baxday in 50s soo daahay oo 60 hore ee qarnigii 19aad. Waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan "dugsiga New Ruush of music" ama goobaabin Balakirev. Magaca aad isku qabteen leh naqdiya gacanta iftiin aayadaha Stasov oo markiiba qabteen, uu noqday magaca guud ee ururka. Abroad, waxaa loo yaqaan "shan".

Xubnaha "muggeed oo adkaada"

Kuwaas oo ahaa xubin ka mid ah "muggeed oo adkaada"? MA Balakirev, Borodin AP, Mussorgsky MP, TS.A. Cui iyo Rimsky-arrimo NA Kuwani composers tayo doonay inuu soo helo qaabab cusub, kaas oo ay awoodi karto in gudashada image taariikhda Ruush iyo hooyo casriga ah, iyo sidoo kale siyaabo si aad music dheeraad ah oo la yaqaan iyo la fahmi karo in ay bulshada guud. epitome ee hab this noqday opera Borodin ee "Prince Igor" by Rimsky-arrimo ee opera "The Yartoy of Pskov", Mussorgsky ee "Khovanshchina" iyo "Boris Godunov." Taasi warkii qoom, epics, taariikhda qaranka iyo tan nolosha qaranka noqday ilaha waxyoonay waayo, shuqullada symphonic iyo vocal by composers.

History of bulshada

Sidaas darteed, "ayuu haystaa sacab muggiis adkaada", inta ay ka kooban iyo taariikhda abuurka. In 1855, Kazan caasimada socda dhallinyarada Miliy Alekseevich Balakirev, qabata guul weyn sida biyaaniiste, jeclaaday by dadweynaha, la Vladimir Vasilievich Stasov (naqdiya caan ah, taariikhyahan, taariikhyahan farshaxanka iyo aadmka la kulmay, waxaa ku xiran by saaxiibtinimo oo dhan fanaaniinta Ruush waaweyn iyo muusikalayda ahaa kaaliye, la taliyaha iyo doode maxaa yeelay, shuqulladoodu). Sannad ka dib Balakirev la kulmay César Cui. Wuxuu bartay Military Academy Engineering ah, laakiin madly jacayl leh music, iyo sababtoo ah sidaas ku mashquulsan in eegno geesi iyo bixisaa saaxiib cusub oo ku qoray opera "Maxbuuska of Caucasus" ka, "The Mandarin ee Wiilka" iyo Scherzo for Piano.

Wax yar ka dib, "ayuu haystaa sacab muggiis adkaada ee" (Halabuurka: Balakirev, Stas, Cui) kaabaya dheer ee Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky, sarkaal ka mid ah ilaalada ee Preobrazhensky Ciidankii, ogaaday in uu ugu yeerida - music. Waxa uu iska casilay, ayaa ku hawlan music, suugaanta, falsafadda, taariikhda, iyo wuxuu jecel yahay aragtida saaxiibo cusub. In hore 60-mada ah "muggeed oo adkaada" (Halabuurka waqtiga: Balakirev, Cui, Stasov, Mussorgsky), kaas oo ahaa garawsi iyo Dargomyzhsky, hodan la imaanshiyaha Aleksandra Porfirevicha Borodina iyo Nikolai Rimsky-arrimo. Borodin ahaa is-baray in music, laakiin wejiyo is-baray, oo aad u dadaala. Inkasta oo uu weli arday ee Akaademiyadda Medical-Qalliinka, uu ciyaaray kala duwan ensembles hiwaayadda halaabaan, ayuu qoray dhawr shuqullada qolkii. Uu erudition oo dhalaalaya tayo aad si deg deg ah la fahamsan yahay iyo mahad Balakirev. Well iyo Rimsky-arrimo hore aasaasay music ee tiradaasi, hanad a buray dhagaystayaasha jeclaaday.

fikradda wayn oo ka mid ah "Five"

Taasi waa nolosha, rabitaanka iyo danaha dadka Ruush noqday dulucda ugu weyn ee shaqo ee xubnaha ka ah wareegga Balakirev ah. composers "muggeed oo adkaada" (ay ka kooban kuma koobna shan, maxaa yeelay, qorayaasha badan oo caan ah waqtiga ahaayeen yaqaanaan ama saaxiibtinimo "kuchkistov") waa la diiwaangeliyaa, bartay noocyo ka mid ah tahay dad iyo hiddaha, heeso dunta iyo halyeeyadoodii hore ee a music symphonic "halis" iyo opera . Tusaalooyinka masterpiece sida - "xaasnimada", "Khovanschina", "aroosadda Imperial", "Boris Godunov". sidoo kale waxa uu ahaa arrin muhiim ah u eeg yihiin bariga dadyowga kale - Yukrayn, Georgians, tataarka, Spain, Czech iyo kuwa kale. Tani "Islam," "Tamara", "Prince Igor", "Cockerel Golden The", "Scheherazade."