Canterbury Cathedral (UK): description, sawir

In xeebta koonfur-bari ee England, ee gobolka of Kent, kacdaa Roob ugu caansan iyo qaab-dhismeedka Gothic ugu da'da weyn ee gobolka, dhaxalka ah oo qarniyo Masiixiga - Canterbury Cathedral (magaca rasmiga ah - Cathedral iyo Metropolitan Church of Canterbury). Macbudkan, sawir taas oo muujinaysa xoog iyo itaal, boqolaal sano adeegay sidii xarun Masiixiyiinta British.

Illaa iyo hadda this taallo naqshadda cajiib ah ayaa difaacday dhadhan iyo adeegtaa sida deggenaanshaha ee madaxa oo ka mid ah Church of England iyo wadaagis ah Anglican - ka Archbishop of Canterbury.

Sheekadu waxay bilaabatay

Canterbury Cathedral waxa uu ku faanaa in ay taariikhda dheer, taariikhdee dib laga bilaabo wakhtiga marka jasiiradda British Sucuudiga by Romans ee. In xiliyo fog macbudka Yuhuudda ahayn ayaa halkan. Horeba ka dib markii gasiiraddaas la booqday by Romans ee, meesha allabariga beddelay meesha quduuska ah jaahilka (this ka dhacay agagaarka qarnigii V) oo ah.

Pope Gregory waxaan doonayay inaan faafin Masiixiyada halkan: in arrintan la xiriira, Abbot hore ee guri keniisad ah ee St. Andrew ee Rome, Augustine of Canterbury la siiyey amar inuu abaabulo hawlgal ay ku hayaamay Britain, ujeedada taas oo ah si ay u cirib jaahilnimada iyo faafinta diinta kiristaanka.

Natiijada safarka adeegayaashii in 597 oo noqday Canterbury Cathedral ah, aasaasay by inuu si, oo lagu sharfayo sokoeye iyo Ciise Masiix weli. Intaa waxaa dheer, ka baxsan derbiyada meel magaalada ahayd la dhisay guri keniisad ee Saints Peter iyo Paul, taasi oo markii dambe waxaa magacooda loo baxshay in sharaf of St. Augustine. Halkan waxaan magaalada ka mid ah kiniisadda lagu aasay.

jabka ugu horreeya ee

Cathedral, su'aasha (ee England waxa la yidhaahdaa waa sida Canterbury Cathedral), si joogta ah dhisay. Sidaas, ka dib markii qaar ka mid ah dayactir dusha wuxuu ahaa sida a cathedral ee St. Peter ee Rome. Qarnigii X agagaarka dhismayaasha diinta ka kacay guri keniisad Benedictine ah.

bilowgii qarnigii XI ayaa tagay calaamad murugo on taariikhda cathedral ah - uu dhaawac badan ka Vikings ah, soo celin macquul ma ahan. Si lama filaan ah ay weerar ku deenishku qabtay oo ka dib lagu dilay Archbishop Alfeydzha, oo noqday Archbishop koowaad ee Shuhadada Canterbury.

Ujeedadu waxay final ee taariikhda Masiixiyadda, xarunta xilliga u hayaamay Britain dabka ka dhacay qarnigii qeybtii dambe gelin.

Cathedral New neefso

Oo 3 sano ka dib musiibada, in 1070, wuxuu bilaabay dhismaha kaniisadda cusub on site oo ka mid ah dhismayaasha diinta gubay. Waxa uu kormeero dhismaha ugu horeysay Norman Archbishop Lanfranc, kuwaas oo boostada lagu qabtay ilaa 7 sano.

Canterbury Cathedral, sawir oo muujinaysa sida dhismaha cusub u eg keniisad a of St. Stephen ee France, halkaasi oo uu markii hore u adeegay sidii Raktarka, ayaa helay nolol cusub. Xitaa dhagaxa dhismaha waxaa la keenay dalkiisa Archbishop ah. 1077 waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by quduuskadhigidda of Christian Xarunta cusub ee ka taagay oo la furay dadweynaha.

dhiigga ee u horeeyay ee magaca diinta

Canterbury Cathedral uu soo maray dhacdooyin badan oo uu noloshiisa. Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu qatarsan uguna naxdinta ahaa dilkii fulaynimada ah ee Thomas Becket. Sheekadan waxay ka bilaabeen bilowgii qarnigii XII ah, marka England ee King Henry II Plantagenet magacaabay uu saaxiib dhow, Rabbiga Chancellor ee Becket, oo madax ka ah kaniisadda Anglican. Faral yeelay, Rabbiga Thomas qaaday booska this sharaf, laakiin kala duwanaanshaha siyaasadeed ee ra'yi la King of England iyo Eebaha doodista Awesome kiniisadda keentay in xaqiiqda ah in December 29, 1170 on amarka of Henry II, lagu dilay by ee Knights meesha allabariga quduus of katedraalka.

Later, boqorka ka noqday Ruuxse, iyo sida nooc ka mid ah madax furashada ah in qofku qalad xisaab degdegsiimada dilay weli ah (dhacdadan ka dhacay saddex sano ka dib dhimashadii Archbishop ee halkii shantii sano). Thomas Becket ahaa labaad Shuhadada archbishops Galaxy oo lagu dilay inta lagu guda jiro wasaaradda Kiniisadda Canterbury.

Awoodda bogsiinaya of Thomas Becket

Muddo dheer xabaashii of wadaad waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay meel ayuu bogsiinayay: buka, sannad kasta soo jiitay boqolaal Cathedral raba in la bogsiiyo. Ka mid ah kooxda martida ah in meesha xabaalaha ee Becket ahaayeen kuwii gobta ahaa, kuwaas oo keenay deeqaha deeqsi. lacag ka xoogsatay on Xajka ah u tageen inay dib u dhiska. Macbadka, sawiro muujinaya isaga oo dayactir maal lacag aad u badan, hadda waxay siin kartaa naftooda.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1174 uu mar kale ka badbaaday dabka, taas oo keentay in qaybaha alwaax gubay ee qaab-dhismeedka. Ma aha oo kaliya gaaray crypt ah, taasoo lagu hayaa muuqashadeeduna inta lagu guda jiro dib u dhiska. Inta kale ee dhismaha dhisay hoos jihada of dhise Faransiis William of Sens, laakiin mar hore in qaab Gothic. Markaas dhismaha waxaa hogaaminayay wastaad England William Ingiriisi. Muddadan, hadhaagii ka archbishops dilay ayaa ka crypt ee loo dhiso cathedral ayaa la gariiray.

Ugu site ee apse la gubo oo la dhisay cibaadaysiga ah Trinity Quduuska ah, taas oo u dhaqaaqay sanduuq ee Thomas Becket. Halkan isaga ku sugnaa ilaa 1538, markii Boqor xiga ee England - Henry VIII Tudor guri ammaan - hinaasay kordhaa cathedral cajiib ah ay sabab u tahay dad sodcaal ah, joogayna tiradoodu ayaa hoos u dab ka dib, ay go'aansadeen in ay ku habboon khasnadihii macbudka.

Si taas loo gaaro, taliyaha England ku dhawaaqday maxkamad marxuumka muddo ka badan saddex qarni ka hor, Archbishop ah. Dabcan, dambaysta ah uma ay muuqan waxa on. Tani, oo ay la socdaan soo eedeeyo khiyaamo qaran, wuxuu ahaa aasaas u ah aqoonsiga Thomas Becket eed iyo qabasho khasnadaha qabrigiisii ka ay guushu ku khasnadda reer boqor. cathedrals yar ee England ku faani karo sida hodan ah iyo waqti taariikhda la mid ah naxdinta lahaa halganka ka dhanka ah boqortooyada.

Under hoggaanka William England ee soo socda in ay goobta cibaadaysiga of Trinity Quduuska ah waxaa la dhisay by kale, waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan "Crown ee Becket": waxaa heysta taajkii madaxa, taas oo ahayd maalintii dilka Archbishop.

dib u dhiska cusub

Canterbury Cathedral loo dhisay 1184, laakiin ay furitaanka uu ka dhacay oo kaliya ee 1220.

cibaadaysiga cusub waxaa si tartiib ah ka buuxsamay xabaalaha archbishops iyo xubno ka mid ah qarniyadii dhexe. Sidaas, halkan ku kaydsan yihiin hadhaagii guud caanka Years War ka Boqol, Edward Prince Black, King Henry IV Bolingbroke.

dib u dhiska dheeraad ah oo cathedral la fuliyay 1377, markii ugu muhiimsan iyo transept go'aansaday dib u dhiska ee style Ingiriisi Gothic. dhulgariir ee 1382 ayaa hoos u shaqo siima, kordhin dib u soo celinta ee dhismaha, waayo, dhowr sano ee dheeraad ah.

Ka dib markii reconstructions badan, dayactirka iyo hagaajinta of katedraalka helay qaabka casriga ah (30-mada ay qarnigii XIX ah), marka meel ku jiray munaaraddii waqooyi-galbeed, taas oo ku hanjabay in ay burburto, la qotomiyey muraayad ka tarjumaysa munaaraddii koonfur-galbeed ee dhismaha cusub ee qaab Gothic ah.

Nolosha dhaw ee cathedral ee qarnigii XX ah

1942 weli caqabad kale oo ah cathedral ee, kaas oo uu maray weerar Luftwaffe ah: dhismayaasha qaarkood inta dhawrsan. Inta lagu guda jiro dib u soo celinta ee 1954 dhismayaasha halaagnay ayaa lagu soo celiyey, iyo in cathedral ee dayactir lagu sameeyey. Si kastaba ha ahaatee mashiinada taallo grand guud ahaan waxay u baahan yihiin dib u soo kabashada qoto dheer tan iyo nabaad baabbi'iyaa, nuuradda ah oo ka kaas oo waxaa la dhisay.

cathedral Modern iyo doorka ay

Currently, dhismaha diimeed u adeegtaa sida kiniisadda regimental of Ciidankii Royal ee Wales Queen. In uu u dhiska ee lacagaha la ururiyey, maxaa yeelay, sida dhismaha awood u baahan yahay ku qarashgareyso suuqa dhaqaale badan oo ku saabsan dayactirka iyo dayactirka.

The weyn macbudyo dunida unbaa ku faani karno xaqiiqda ah in ay ka mid ah taxadiri ugu da'da weyn naqshadda, kuwaas oo ka mid ah ururinta ka badan 50,000 oo waraaqo iyo buugaag ah muddooyinka daabacaadan kala duwan iyo taariikhda hodanka ah soo jeedinaya qaddar adag.