United States of America. United States of America. History of Ameerika

United States of America waxaa loo arkaa dal awood leh dhaqaalaha ugu awooda badan adduunka. Aagga Mareykanka waa 9 629 091 sq. km, gobolka ugu weyn waa kii saddexaad ee dadweynaha (310 million). dalka kala Canada si Mexico, inaad qaadato qayb weyn oo ka mid ah qaarada waqooyiga maraykanka. In gudbinta Maraykanka ayaa sidoo kale Alaska, Hawaii iyo dhowr dhulal jasiiradda. gargaarka American waa kala duwan: Mountains Appalaachian iyo Cordillera waxaa lagu bedelay lamadegaanka baaxad weyn iyo dooxooyinka, kaymaha, kaymaha, ee Pacific iyo Badweynta Atlantic iyo jasiiradaha picturesque.

History of Ameerika

Ka hor gumaysigii dhulka ee gobolka casri ah oo ka mid ah Hindida oo ESKIMOSKA noolaa. In prairies degganaa by qabiilooyinka reer guuraaga ah ee kala duwan. Sida ay sheegayaan qiyaasaha u xoqdo, qarnigii XVI ee America ku noolaa oo ku saabsan 11 million Hindida. Ka dib markii la ogaaday qaarada by Columbus (1492) bilaabay inuu dejinta mass by Yurub. Gaar ahaan, kuwaas oo dalalkan Anfaco yimid Faransiis, Isbaanish, Soomaali, af Iswiidhish iyo af Dutch. Qarnigii 18-Ruush bilaabay si ay u sahamiyaan Alaska. At socodka marka hore ugu soo guurey jeeda North America ka England.

Muuqaalka caan ku ah deegaanada North American ahaa gurigii addoonsiga. First, waxaa jiray a ee loo yaqaan lakabka "addoomo cad" in ay noqdaan addoomo inta badan ay sabab u tahay non-bixinta daymaha ama ay sabab u habeynta addoonsi. Tartiib tartiib, ay bedelay "addoomo madow", kuwaas oo horrantii qarnigii 17aad lagu wareejiyay Virginia ka Africa. Negros shaqeeyay, sida caadiga ah, oo ku saabsan beeraha ee deegaanada koonfurta.

Goor dambe oo qarnigii 17-xeebta bari ee 13 deegaanada British waxaa la abuuray. In 1775 wuxuu bilaabay dagaalka ee madaxbanaanida Maraykanka ka England. June 4, 1776 waxaa lagu naadiyey Declaration of Independence of United States. England aqoonsan yahay gobolka cusub ee 1787. Isla mar ahaantaana Dastuurka Mareykanka waxaa la ansixiyay. In 1803-m United States iibsaday Louisiana ka France, iyo 1819kii Spanish aqonsigiisa Florida America. In 1845-m Americans biiray Texas. Laga soo bilaabo 1846 in 1848 Mareykanka ahaa ee dagaalka kula Mexico, oo sababtay in uu ahaa LABAGEEDI qayb weyn oo ka mid ah dhulka Mexico, New Mexico, California iyo qayb ka mid ah Arizona. In 1846, dawladda Maraykanka iibsaday Pacific British ah. In 1870, qayb ka mid ah dalka ayaa si buuxda u galay California. Marka la soo koobo, taariikhda America leedahay wax badan oo Dhiigga gaara.

Sidaas darteed of Dagaalkii Sokeeye 1861-1865 GG ah. Addoonsiga la tirtiray oo dalka Mareykanka ah. In 1867, America u tageen inay Alaska. In 1898 waxay uga gudubtay ah War Spanish-American, iyo ka dib guuldaradii of Spain oo hoos timaad maamulka Maraykanka maray Islands ee Hawaiian, Guam iyo Puerto Rico. Against this, mabda ', oo dhammaadkeedu wuxuu la abuuro of United States of America.

territory badan in ay qabsadeen Americans la wada degganaa by qabiilooyinka Indian. Tan iyo Hindidu waa kuwii jirin kulan ciidanka joogto ah, iyagoo ballaaran u dilay ama Kulmin Wajigooda Boos. Wuxoogaa cunto dhadhan fiican A Maraykanka ay ahaayeen shisheeye. Waxay isku dayeen in ay ku qabsadaan Cuba, kaas oo wakhtigaas waxaa iska lahaa Spain. isku day lagu guulaysan hoosaysiiyo Nicaragua ka tagay iyo dalal badan oo kale oo ku yaalla Bartamaha America.

First iyo dagaalkii labaad aduunka

United States of America dhawaaqay dhexdhexaadnimada ka dib ka dillaacay ee dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. monopolists American si firfircoon gacan ka deyn iyo sahayda of England. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1917 America galay dagaalka dhinaca Entente ah. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka Maraykanka ogolaaday gacanta u badan dhaqaale badan Latin America. Oo waxay u sameeyeen faragelinta ciidan ee Mexico (1914, 1916), Dominican Republic (1916), Haiti (1915), Cuba (1912, 1917). Cadaadis ka Maraykanka, Denmark ayaa lagu qasbay in ay iyaga ka iibiso Islands Virgin ah.

Ka dib markii bilowgii dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, ka cabsada Itobiya ee Nazi Germany, Mareykanka si firfircoon uga caawiyey England iyo France. Later, Madaxweynaha Roosevelt dhawaaqday diyaar si ay u bixiyaan gargaar iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti. In waqtiga dagaalka waxaa uu ahaa isbahaysiga la dagaalanka burcad-Hitler ee Britain, Maraykanka iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti. December 7, 1941, Japan si lama filaan ah ay weerar ku Pearl Harbor (Hawaii), Filibiin iyo jasiiradaha kale. Iyada oo laga jawaabayo, ciidamada Mareykanka sameeyay markii Bamkii Atomikada ee magaalooyinka Japan ee Hiroshima iyo Nagasaki 1945. Ka dib is dhiibin Japan dhulkeeda qaaday ciidamada Mareykanka. Burburka soo gaaray by Americans lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, a yar yar (332 la dilay). Concatenate Maraykanka noqday dalka keliya, taas oo uu xoogaystay si ay siyaasadeed, dhaqaale iyo booska ciidamada dagaalka ka dib.

History of States United ee dalka ka dib markii 1949

In 1949, soo jeedinta Mareykanka, dalalka Yurub ku adkeeyey gaashaanbuur militari oo NATO. In 1954, ee gobolka Asia koonfur-bari aasaasay urur lagu magacaabo SEATO.

Si looga hortago faafidda shuuciyad sannadaha 1950-1953. America ka qaybqaatay dagaalkii Kuuriya. In 1965-1973 wuxuu sameeyay dagaalkii Vietnam-American ah. In 1952 wuxuu si xoog yimid, Xisbiga Jamhuuriga ee Duayt Eyzenhauer, kuwaas oo sii siyaasadda halkii xiriir murugsan oo la USSR. Ka dib markii loo doortay Madaxweynaha Dzhona Kennedi. Waxa ay ahayd intii uu boqornimadii waxaa jiray wax-u xiisadda Cuba, taas ayaa lala qasdigiisu yahay dowladda Mareykanka inay afgembiyaan Fidel Castro. Kennedy ayaa la toogtay in 1963 ee Dallas. The Commission oo Wax soo baara oo aan weli la afuufi macluumaad run ah oo ku saabsan macaamiisha denbiga.

Dabayaaqadii ah '60s bilaabay cabashooyinka mass ku saabsan xadgudubyada xuquuqda muwaadiniinta madow. In 1968, lagu dilay wadaad Martina Lyutera King.

In 70 sano, United States of America weerareen Cambodia iyo Laos. In 1970, mas'uuliyiinta Mareykanka ayaa si firfircoon uga Israa'iil taageeray dagaalka ka dhanka ah Carabaha. In 1972, in ka badan Vietnam War daba dheeraaday, heshiis nabadeed Paris ee la saxiixay sannad ka dib.

Iyada oo soo socda si ay awood xiriirka Madaxweyne Nixon dhexeeya America iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti uu hagaagay, waxaan xiriir la leeyihiin Shiinaha ayaa la aasaasay. In 1972, Madaxweynaha Mareykanka ayaa booqday labada dal communist. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay in ay dhacdo Watergate, Nixon lahaa in uu iscasilo.

isbeddel weyn oo xagga siyaasadda gudaha ee dalka ayaa Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan (1981-1989). Waxaa si weyn u dhimay cashuur ah oo uu qaaday tallaabooyin si loo yareeyo shaqo la'aanta.

In 1989, Madaxweyne George W. Bush ayaa la doortay. Waxaa uu sheegay in hawlgalka milatari qaadeen dhanka ah kaligii taliye Ciraaq Saddam Hussein, ayaa abuuray NAFTA (heshiis ganacsiga xorta ah) oo u saxiixay Midowga Soviet-dhigista heshiis START ah.

dalalka cutubka Next - Bill Clinton - oo intooda badan ku hawlan siyaasadda gudaha. uu madaxtooyada ayaa lagu calaamadeeyay by koboc dhaqaale, waxaa loo abuuray in ka badan 20 milyan oo shaqo, dakhliga qaranka kordhay 15%, iyo dheeraadka miisaaniyadda kor u bateen in 1.3 trillion.

maalin naxdin Maraykanka waxay ahayd September 11, 2001. Sida laga soo xigtay version rasmiga ah, "Al-Qaacida", duuliye ismiidaamin ah oo ka tirsan kooxda argagixisada qabtay diyaarad rakaab Waraka 2 munaarado ka mid ah Xarunta Ganacsiga Adduunka ee Pentagon. saddexaad Diyaarad A, u badan tahay madax for Aqalka Cad, laakiin ku burburtay Pennsylvania.

cimilada

dhererkiisu weyn iyo deegaanka ee dalka ayaa ka mas'uul ah joogitaanka dhawaad dhamaan noocyada cimilada. Earth, oo ku yaalla waqooyiga ee 40 degrees. co. waxaa kala duwanaayeen jawi dhexdhexaad. Oo soohdintii ku yaal dambeeya loolka waxan oo dhan, waa sarkhaansan yihiin jawi dadka fareen. Hawaii iyo qaybta koonfureed ee Florida waxa uu ku yaalaa kulaale, iyo Peninsula Alaska ee Arctic saamayn miisaan. In galbeed ee Babacyada Great waa semi-lamadegaanka. In gobollada xeebta ah ee cimilada Mediterranean California ee ahaaday.

dadka

Sida laga soo xigtay dadka gobolka ku jirta booska seddexaad ee dunida. Waxaa jira ah oo ku saabsan 309 milyan oo qof. Maadaama uu sababo siyaasadeed, dhaqan iyo taariikheed ee Maraykanka - mid ka mid ah dalalka ugu dhaqamada dunida oo dhan. Walxaha midab ah ee dalka ka kooban yahay wakiillo ka socda Mongoloid, Caucasoid, jinsiyadaha Negroid. Waxa kale oo jira dadka dhulka this: Indians, Hawaiians, Aleuts iyo ESKIMOSKA.

In Maraykanka wada noolaan karaan wakiillo ka kala duwan ee madaahibta: Catholics, budista, Brotestanka, Yuhuudda, Nasaarada. Muslimiinta, Mormons, iyo wixii la mid ah. D. Cawaan isu arkaan inay wax ka badan 4% dadweynaha.

Afka rasmiga ah waa Ingiriisi, inkasta oo sida xaqiiqada ah Americans ku hadlaan in ka badan 300 luqadood iyo lahjadood. In gobol kasta uu leeyahay magaca gaar ah, dhaqanka ay midabo iyo qaab nololeedka shaqsiga.

nidaamka siyaasadeed

Country United States waa Jamhuuriyad federaal ah. Waxaa ka mid ah 50 gobol iyo District of Columbia. The qaab sharci-dejinta ugu weyn - United States Congress (baarlamaanka aqal). garsoorka, Maxkamadda Sare Dardaarmi. awoodda fulinta waxaa ku urursan gacmaha madaxweynaha. Yaa heysta madaxtinimada Barack Obama.

dhaqaalaha

In 1894, gobolka ugu horreeyey ee kaalinta ku soo saarka warshadaha. Maanta, dalka Maraykanka, waa u xoogga keentay in size ee alaabta guud ee qoyska. Waxqabadyada ugu waaweyn - warshadaha iyo beeraha. Dawladdu waxay hodan ku ah khayraadka dabiiciga ah sida saliidda, lead, dhuxusha, gaaska, uranium, ore dhagax weyn, baaruud, iyo si fosofority. D. Waxaan dhihi karnaa si kalsooni leh in ay jiraan waxaa la soo saaray ku dhowaad dhammaan noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee macdanta. Mareykanka - waa soo saare ee hormuudka ka ah biraha ferrous. kiimikada, turxaan saliid iyo warshadaha nukliyeerka si cadaalad fiican oo heer sare. Dhammaataan halkan aasaasay dhar, tubaakada, dhar, maqaar iyo kabo, iyo wax soo saarka cuntada. Istiraatijiyad ahaan goobaha muhiimka ah waa wax soo saarka ee diyaaradaha rayidka ah iyo military, technology meel, iyo wixii la mid ah. D. meel First adduunka ee wax soo saarka gawaarida sidoo kale Mareykanka. Features ee dalka been in xaqiiqda ah in, oo ay weheliyaan warshadaha waxaa si firfircoon horumarinta iyo beeraha. United States - hogaamiyaha dunida ku siin caanaha, ukunta iyo hilibka. Meel muhiim ah lagu heystey bakaylaha, kalluunka, digaagga.

indhaha

Meesha ee dalka Maraykanka oo kaliya weyn, sidaas darteed liiska oo dhan nin-dhigay iyo dabiiciga ah soo jiidashada waa dhammaadka lahayn. safafka Mountain, waterfalls, canyons, seerayaasha qaranka, xeebta muuqaal dabiici ah oo ka mid ah Pacific iyo badaha Atlantic, jiga raaxo, matxafyada, harooyinka, buundooyinka, beeraha dheeldheel, xadiiqooyinka, casinos, todobo iyo daaraha waaweyn - waxan oo dhan ayaa dhab ahaan u qalmaa dareenka dalxiisayaasha iyo dadka deegaanka.

Inta badan tours oo dalka Mareykanka ah waxaa ka mid ah safarka magaalooyinka ugu weyn ee America :. Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Boston, Baltimore, iwm Inta badan dhammaan dadka safarka ah ee danaynaya in ay Taallo of Liberty, Times Square, Las Vegas, Niagara Falls, Grand a Canyon (AZ), California "Disneyland."

Waxaa jira tiro badan oo ah kaydka dabeecadda iyo beeraha qaranka. The ugu caansan, iyaga waa la aqoonsaday Seeraha Qaranka ee Yellowstone.

habka nolosha

Dhaqaalaha sare, Heerka sare ee maciishadda, dammaanadaha bulshada barnaamijka lagu kalsoonaan karo - waxan oo dhan waa dabeecadda u ah Maraykanka ee dalka. xaaladaha wanaagsan ku yeedhi in America, kun oo qof oo ka soo adduunka oo dhan. United States - dal fursado weyn in muwaadin walba. halkan Qiimaha ugu sareeya waa daryeelka qofka iyo qoyska, iyo sidoo kale, sii kordhaya hantida adiga kuu gaar ah, muwaadin kasta oo ka dhigaysa dalka doonee, iyo xoog.

Working American ahmiyadda ma noolaan karaan saboolnimada, haddii ay tahay oo kaliya darawalka ama Agaasimaha walaac ah. Sida laga soo xigtay xogta celcelis ahaan, dakhliga halka qoys ee Mareykanka oo ku saabsan 49 kun oo waa. Doolar. Sharciga wuxuu kuu ogol yahay in ay ogaadaan hamiga ay xitaa soo galootiga. Oo haddii soo galootiga ah ee jiilka marka hore ma ordi karaan madaxweynaha, guddoomiyaha gobolka, wuxuu la magacaabay waxaa laga yaabaa. Meelaha kale ee muhaajiriinta ka shaqayn kartaa iyada oo aan xayiraado.

Waxaa xusid mudan in shaqo la'aan ah ayaa sidoo kale ku nool yihiin si fiican. Haddii qofka aanu awoodin (ama diyaar u ahayn) si ay uga shaqeeyaan, si raaxo leh ayuu ku noolaan karaa a faa'iidooyinka gobolka hufan, laakiin waqti isku mid ah ayaa weli ku raaxaysan daryeel caafimaad. Haddii aad doonayso, waxaa dib loo tababaraa kartaa lacag la'aan ah oo aad hesho marka lagu daro tiro ka mid ah deeq. waxbarashada dugsiga sare oo la siiyaa lacag la'aan. US - horumariyo dalka qaadan kartaa daryeelka ee aayahooda a faraxsan, waayo, dhammaan muwaadiniinta ay.

Waxay jeelyihiin in hab caan ah inuu u dhaqaaqo United States ee deganaanshaha joogtada ah waa in ay ka qayb bakhtiyaanasiibka "Green Card". Sannad kasta, mahad u kaftanka ku ool ah fiisooyinka US yihiin oo ku saabsan 50 kun oo qof oo ka adduunka oo dhan (ama ha ahaado Latin America, Hindiya iyo Shiinaha). Hawsha bakhtiyaanasiibka - si ay u ilaaliyaan dheelitirka u dhexeeya kooxaha qowmiyadaha kala duwan ee tirada guud ee dalka. Marka tan la eego, haddii ka mid ah qaar ka mid ah gobolka in ka badan 5 sanno ee la soo dhaafay ayaa yimid waddanka u soo guurey badan, xoogga leh waa laga saari karo ka qaybgalka bakhtiyaa muddo cayiman. Tusaale ahaan, sanadkii 2009, qaddar la mid ah ku dhacay Russia. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xataa haddii aad noqoto guusha ka mid ah bakhtiyaanasiibka, heli US dhalashada kaliya ma shaqeyn doono - waxaa suurtagal ah shantii sano ee deggan dalka reer State oo keliya ka dib.

siyaasadda ajinebiga

maamulka Mareykanka ayaa xiiso u soo jiitay ee takhasuska ugu fiican ee xirfadaha ugu kala duwan. Visa la xaq u leeyihiin inay shaqeeyaan sanad walba soo saaray oo ku saabsan 675 kun oo ajaanib ah. Hel fiiso wuxuu leeyahay fursad uu qof walba, haddii dawladda ayaa xiiseynaya in muddo this uu xirfadaha iyo aqoonta xirfadeed. Sida dalal kale oo badan oo waaweyn dunida, Mareykanka waxa ay hadda dareemayaan la'aanta ah ee ku takhasusay berrinka ku dhex yaal of chemistry, IT-teknoolajiyada, takhaatiirta, farmashiistayaasha, injineero, barnaamijyo, oo kuwii ku dhisayna, beeralayda, maareeyayaasha, iyo xirfadlayaasha kale. Ajaanibta ayaa sidoo kale loo ogol yahay inay u yimaadaan si ay u bartaan jaamacadaha American.

Ajaanibta kuwaas oo ku hawlan yihiin ganacsi, waxay leeyihiin fursad si aad u hesho fiisaha ganacsi. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, kaliya furo xafiiska Maraykanka uu shirkadda, ka hawlgala Russia ama wadan kale. Oo waxaad ka iibsan kartaa ganacsi diyaar in America iyo waxay keeni.

waddanka u soo guurey maalqabeenka heli kartaa xaaladda deggan Maraykanka, la siiyaa maalgashiga dhaqaalaha dalka ugu yaraan $ 1 million. Xaaladaha qaarkood, haddii qof ayaa ku helay guryaha lagu raaxaysto ee Maraykanka, ayuu ka heli kartaa ogolaanshiyaha joogitaanka.

macluumaad muhiim ah

lambarrada telefoonka waddanka oo toddoba god. US code dalka - 1. Si aad u samayso call caalami ah ka Maraykanka, waxaad u baahan tahay wac 011, code dalka, code goobta ka dibna tirada oo keliya. In code telefoon 1 sidoo kale Canada iyo Caribbean.

dalalka Lacagta - Doolarka Maraykanka.

Dukaamada oo dalka Mareykanka ah, waxay u muuqdaan in ay ka shaqeeyaan laga bilaabo Isniinta ilaa Sabtida ka 9.30 si 18.00. On Sunday, dukaamada sugi macaamiisha ka 12.00 si ay u 17.00. In ku dhow dhammaan dalalka iibka qoro (5 ilaa 12% ka mid ah kharashka alaabta iibsatay). xarumaha dukaamada waaweyn yihiin sida caadiga ah u furan yihiin dadweynaha ka 09.00 si ay u 21.00.

US dalka huwanta

Currently, America meel muhiim ah oo ay saaxadda siyaasadeed oo caalami ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dowladda dhif ah ku tilmaamay Siibtay, inta badan statements madaxweynaha ee ka dhawaajisay ereyadan: "Waxaan iyo xulafadooda our." About US wadaajiyo badanaa loo yaqaan ee waraaqaha badan oo rasmi ah. Laakiinse bal yaa rafiiqa aan ku fekereyno gobolka?

Dalalka taageeraya US - waxaa ugu horayn waa garabka ciidamada xulafada. Iyada oo gargaar ah ee Atlantic Alliance Waqooyiga marti howlgallada military badan oo baaxad weyn. dalka kasta oo ka qayb kordhinaya soo jiidashada ah ee ay ka mid ah ciidamada. Tusaale ahaan, ka dib markii falka argagixisada ah ee September 11, Maraykanka bilaabay howl gal milateri ee Afghanistan. In iyada 4400 askari oo Jarmal ka qeyb qaatay. gargaar noocan oo kale ah ka soo Germany waxa loo arki karaa fal is bahaysi aamin.

Dhanka kale, in 2013 fadeexad ku saabsan sirdoonka emeilku Merkel US wax yar ka dhaceen xiriirka saaxiibtinimo ee u dhaxeeya labada awood weyn.

iskaashi firfircoon ayaa sidoo kale fuliyay dhexeeya dalalka Maraykanka iyo Ingiriiska ku hadlin sida England, New Zealand, Canada iyo Australia.

Mareykanka iyo Latin America

Ka dib markii xiisadda 2007, Lagaga Maraykanka ee Ameerika, si ay u dhigay meel dhexaad ah gariirin. Inta qarniga 20aad, Latin America ka horresay, ixtiraam iyo nacayb Maraykanka. Haddaba, dalal badan oo ku yaalla Koonfurta America iyo taageero kululaynta Central la yeelashada xidhidh dhaqaale iyo diblomaasiyadeed ee Maraykanka, xiriirka waxaa arrin gashan fiirsanayo mooyee Cuba iyo Venezuela.

natiijooyinka

description Maraykanka ee dalka sii wadi karo muddo dheer. awood Tani dila taariikhda svoiey, dabeecadda, naqshadaha, cimilada, hab nololeedka iyo jawiga guud. Waa wax qarsoodi ah in gobol kasta ka duwan otnostitsja in concatenate Maraykanka. Qaar ka mid ah bayaan u neceb America, kuwa kale si fudud uga cabsadeen reer aamusnaan, halka qaar kalena ay u bogi dalka this. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida aad ula dhaqmi lahayd aad u tagto Maraykanka, waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay in ay taariikhda horumarka deg deg waa runtii amaan.

In Maraykanka, kumanaan ka mid ah kooxaha qowmiyadaha la saanqaadi iyo wakiillo ka socda diimaha kala duwan, laakiin si dhab ah, isku dhacu yahay ku dhowaad ma in u dhexeeya. Nature Xoolo, cimilada wanaagsan, barnaamijyada dowladda iyo, dabcan, shaqo ee dadka caadiga ah ka caawiyay jeedin meesha milmin kobcin.Waxa degan qabiilooyinka Indian, mid ka mid ah dalalka ugu horumarsan caalamka. Haddii aad fursad u hesho, xaqiiji inaad booqato United States of America - waa safar dheer oo si sax ah u xasuustaa Meyeydaan!