Ciyaaryahan Chess Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich: Biography, guul iyo xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

In June 2016 at sanad iyo siddeetan lixaad nolosha tagay Viktor Lvovich Korchnoy. Victory at guddiga chess - ma waxa kaliya ee uu la og yahay ee dalka. Man qaddar adag, oo wuxuu noqday mid ka mid ah "goostay" kuwaas oo loolan nidaamka oo dhan Soviet, waxa uu noqday dagaal siyaasadeed si ay ula dagaalamaan taaj chess ah. Maxaa hadda loo yaqaan ku saabsan ninkan?

carruurnimada adag

Dhashay Victor Korchnoi - March 23, 1931. Meesha dhalashada - magaalada Leningrad. Waalidkiis waxay haddaba ugu furay wax yar uu ku dhashay ka dib, iyo nolosha oo dhan 6 jeer dacweeyay kor fidiyeen meeshii dalka ay degan yihiin ee ilmaha. Hooyada ayaa markaa kadib isku dayay in uu ina qaato, aabbihiisna wuxuu ku soo laabtay, xiganaya dhaqaale la'aan. Sidaas darteed, ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa, carruurnimada qaatay in qoyska aabbihiis, kuwaas oo ku dhintay hore ee sannadka ugu horreeya ee dagaalka. Habeeynimadii of Leo Merkurevich uu isku dayay in wiilkiisa uu ka qaxidda diro, laakiin hooyada kaxeeyey ilmihii iyo dib u Leningrad keenay. Waxa uu ku soo barbaaray ee qoyska ka mid ah iyada aayo Rosa Abramovna, isagoo garanaya oo dhan lagu jahli bixiyo hareereeyo. Kow iyo toban sano wiilka u tageen inay River Neva ee biyaha, gudbid qaraxii dhowaad kilomitir.

Viktor Lvovich Korchnoy, Biography kaas oo lagu qeexay si faahfaahsan ee buugaagta, lahaa isirka Polish-Yuhuudda. qaraabada Polish aabbihiis ayaa awoodi waayay si ay u noolaadaan go'doominta adag. Waxa uu sidoo kale ka caawiyay in Abramovna Rosa shaqeeyay warshad nacnac ah. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, in 1942 uu isbitaalka tegi lahaa ogaanshaha "xumaanshaha."

soo jiidashada leh chess

Viktor Korchnoi weli iskuul ah, kuwaas oo la sheegay in Biography article noqday xiiso chess. Iyo 1947 ayuu noqday horyaalka USSR ee kooxda ay isku da'da. Success dhiiri, iyo in 1956 ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo u dallacsiiyey in GM. In isku midka ah, ayuu ka awood taariikhda Leningrad State University ee ka qalin, laakiin maalin ma aan qaatay ee qaaska ah. Chess naftiisa oo dhan buuxiyey.

In 1957, in Gagra uu kula kulmay Isabella Margaryan, arday at IISS ah. Waxay lahaa qaddar la mid ah, waalidka iyada furay, ka dib markii taas oo ay kor loo bixiyey iyagoo aabbihiis. First, in yar oo gabar xishoon courtship Korchnoi, maxaa yeelay, wuxuu ahaa waqti aan aad u fashionably gashan, laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan garanin qof caqli badan oo xiiso leh oo ku heshiiyay in ay guursadaan. Soon lamaanaha lahaa wiil, Igor.

In 1960, Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich noqdo horyaalka ee USSR. Waxa uu ahaa kii labaad ee ugu muhiimsan ka dib markii horyaalka ee horyaalka dunida, maxaa yeelay, Chess School Soofiyeeti heysatay saaxadda caalamka. Tani waxay ku dhow si toos ah siiyey horyaalka ee Master sharafta Sports ee USSR. Hogaamiyaha A caalami ah waqtiga ahaa Mikhail Botvinnik, laakiin tartanka uu ahaa mid aad u xoog badan oo dalka ka. Korchnoi saddex dambe ma aad jiri doonaa guusha ee USSR ah - in 1962, 1964 iyo 1970, siday u kala horreeyaan.

Nolosha ciyaartoyda chess Soviet

Marka ugu horeysa, Victor Korchnoi oo dhan diyaarin: in 29 sano oo uu hore u lahaa guri 2-qol, baabuur. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, da '33 Waxaan u lahaa shil gaari bilayska taraafikada iyo isteerinka mar dambe ma fadhiisan. Waxyaabaha waxaa bixiyey, waayo, tan iyo 1954, wuxuu mashaqo mushaar joogto ah. Adduunka oo dhan, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, waxa la cadeeyay in cayaaraha xirfadeed oo ku yaalla dalka, ma sameeyo, si Rashiid Gaaruf, u sabab ah nooc ka mid ah xirfad. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay Petrosyan filasoof, iyo Anatoly Karpov - oo ah dhaqaaleyahan.

Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich la Efimom Petrovichem Gellerom mar ka dib markii tartan kooxda West Germany (1965) waxay tageen mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka yar yar in ay ka shaqeeyaan. Sidaas daraaddeed waxay u bixiyeen qaab iyo simul. Intii ay safarka ku ah ciyaartoyda Ruush-ku hadla ayaa la kulmay nin in English Korchnoi bixiyeen inay ku sii jiraan Germany. Laakiin wakhtigaas GM xitaa kuma fekero suuragalnimada in uu ka tago dalka, si tartiib ah hoos u bixisaan.

Sababaha ka haajirid

Waxaa jira version a, ka hadlay sida ay Korchnoi, in door muhiim ah oo uu ka saarida dalka ciyaaray kooxda heysata horyaalka a hore ee dunida Tigran Petrosian. Inta lagu guda jiro musharaxiinta kulan ee Odessa (1974) halkaas joogay dhacdo halis ah ka dhexeeya labada, sababtoo ah taas oo Petrosian diiday in ay sii wadaan tartanka.

Oo isna wuxuu lahaa caado cagta eegeysaa tugging, oo Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich cawday garsooraha. Petrosian, markeeda, ku eedeeyay saaxiib hore oo uu sida la sheegay isaga laaday miiska hoostiisa, oo diiday in ay sii wadaan halganka la qaalib ee xisaabta ay guushu ku Korchnoi. Colaadda xoojiyey ka dib markii failure ee Victor L. in kulankaan ka hor Fischer ee Buenos Aires ee kooxda Petrosyan. Waxa la yaab leh, qaddar ee ka badan hal mar soo wada keeni doonaa tartan, iyo ciyaaraha oo dhan u noqon doonaa ugu daran oo nasiib darro waayo Tigran Vartanovich haddii uu dhab dareemay xadgudubka.

Wax kasta oo ay ahayd, go'aanka ah inuu ka tago dalka Viktor Lvovich Korchnoy, waayo, kii ka haajirid ee 60eeyaha weli wax aan macquul aheyn, la ansixiyay 1974, ka dib kulankii Anatoliem Karpovym. goolkii guusha ee ay la dagaallanto taaj chess la Bobbi Fisherom. Midowga Soofiyeeti sameeyey bet a on a yar yar Karpov rajo, sidoo kale qoysaska Ruush iyo shaqada. Taasi waxa ay ka shaqeeyeen dhan chess ugu weyn iyo awood maamul. Oo kuwa ku heshiiyeen in ay caawiyaan Korchnoi, ka dib waxaa jiray dhibaatooyin dhab ah. Tusaale ahaan, D. Bronstein, mushaarka la booskiisa.

VL Korchnoi laga badiyay, laakiin in wareysiga ma aqoonsana Fadilmo ee Karpov, kaas oo uu la kulantay xukun wadareed ee grandmasters Soviet. Warqad furan la bilaabay Petrosyan oo aan la saxiixay by keliya afar ciyaaryahan oo chess, taas oo ahayd mid aad u Caddayn for Korchnoi.

dhibaatooyinka qoyska Korchnoi

Suurtagalnimada in uu ka tago dalka muuqday 1976. Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich joogay Holland ka dib markii Koobkii Adduunka ee Amsterdam. Waa lagama yaabo in uu sarcaadka waxa dhibaato ku abuuray qoyskiisa. Ka dib markii uu u dhaqaaqo Switzerland (Mr. Volen), waxaa laga Israa'iil abaabulay call for xaaskiisa iyo wiilkiisa. Laakiinse iyagu ma aha oo kaliya ma ka baxaan dalka, laakiin Igor la xiray ay diideen in ay u adeegaan ee ciidanka ka dib markii hay'adda. nin wuxuu lahaa si ay ugu adeegaan 2.5 sano. Jirrabayeen oo saxaafada u soo jeestay qoyska gelin cadaawayaashayda dadka. Isabella Egishevna ee u baahan lacag, iibin pup ka poodle guriga. Ka dib markii maalin ka mid ah dib u la erayadii Ma aqaan waxa ay u soo iibsadaan ka colka dadka.

V. L. Korchnoy waqtiga uu ku qoray buug uu qoray ugu horeysay fadeexad "Antishahmaty". Waraaq uu u A. Karpov, nuqul ka mid ah oo loo diri doonaa K. U.Chernenko, waxaa soo sheegi doonaa in Ogolaaday ma si ay u daabacaan waxyaabo beddelkeeda jidaynayey dibadda qoyskiisa si ay u tagaan. Later, uu qirtay in xataa ka codsaday in ay ka wakiilo maafiyada Soviet kii ka dib 1982 isaga ka heleen si ay u dalbadaan lacag bixitaanka qoyska, inkasta oo ay tahay lagama yaabo in ay sameeyeen dadaal this.

nolosha Personal

Waa maxay ugu dhaleeceeyay Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich, kuwaas oo nolosha shakhsi noqday dadweynaha domain? Ka dib markii la helo ogolaansho in ay ka baxaan dalka, ee Switzerland Isabella Egishevnu anigu ma ninkeeda faraxsan, qareen la warqadaha furiinka filayaa. Xaqiiqada ah in guurka mar dambe ma jirto, ayay ogaan lahaa dhowr sano.

Back ee Holland, at mid ka mid ah fadhiyada kulan ee isku mar, ninkeeda la kulmay hooyo a of Austria Petra Leeverik. Maxaa yeelay, dadka ajnabiga ah oo ku saabsan buugga miiska ee Leo Tolstoy "Qiyaame" ee Ruushka, wuxuu ku badelay dhawr eray, iyada oo leh. Later, wuxuu ogaada in saaxiibkiis Ruush wanaagsan waxaa waajib ku ah in ay hubiyaan in 10 sano ku qaatay xeryaha ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. si fiican u ciyaaro chess, waxaa dhammaan fadhiyada ay tegi doonaa, ilaa maalin maalmaha ka mid ayuu u sameeyey Peter uma uu yeedhin gurigiisii. Oo U Tartami dhigma in Baguio City (1978), waxa uu hore u tageen sidii madaxa ay wafdiga.

Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich, oo naagtiisa, oo ay la socdaan in wiilkiisa uu ka Lausanne yimid, in maalmaha ugu dambeeya siin doonaa iyada taageero dhaqaale. Isabella Egishevna faraxsan moonlighted sida hage dalxiis kooxaha Ruush-ku hadla oo ku dhintay 1995 ka sclerosis. Igor hooyada intuusan dhiman in ay isku dhacnay aabbihiis, laga bilaabo isgaarsiinta kaliya dhintay ka dib. Waxaa lagu hawlan kombiyuutarada, oo u guursanayeen oo uu dugsiga sare gabar ka Russia.

sawirka Creative: guusha uncrowned

Viktor Korchnoi qoray buugaag dhowr ah, halkaas oo falanqeyn faahfaahsan oo dhan ayaa xirfadiisa ciyaareed. Waxa intaa dheer in "Antishahmat", uu daabacay lix shuqullada dheeraad ah, ka ugu xiisaha badan ee kala ah: ". My 55 guul leh madow" "My 55 guul cad" iyo

Waxaa sidaas waxay u noqotay in halka shanta jeer horyaalka Yurub iyo guusha of qiyaastii boqol tartamada caalamiga ah, laba jeer ayuu u diriray xaq ku noqon karo ciyaaryahanka ugu fiican chess ee adduunka, laakiin marna ma ka heshay gacanta sarre (1978 iyo 1981). In labada kiis ee ay ahayd in cadowgu uu neceb yahay Karpov, kii uu otkazyvael ee kartida u fiican. In wareysiyo badan ee Sweden chess uu ku baaqay in kaliya Kasparov iyo R. Fischer, bixinta gabbaro iyo ku dhintay hore T. Petrosian.

Ciyaartiisii ugu wanaagsan ee uu aaminsan yahay in 21-nd ciyaaro kulanka ugu horeeya (1978), marka Karpov casilay dhaqaaqo 19aad, laakiin natiijada ahaa natiijadeeda la a horay on 13-ka. iska hor imaad ku dhamaatay gool 5: 6 ayaa sidaas muhiim u ah Midowga Soofiyeeti ka gees V. L. Korchnogo la bilaabay ma aha oo kaliya xirfad weyn, laakiin sidoo kale mashiin siyaasadeed. Goostay ma noqon karaan horyaalka adduunka ah, si buugga ayaa sheegay in ku saabsan hanjabaad toos ah ay burburintiisa, haddii khasaare A. Karpov.

Ciyaarta ayaa 1981 ma ahaa si madax adag oo ku dhamaatay gool 2: 6, taas oo lagu macnayn karaa by xaqiiqada ah in V. L. Korchnomu ahaa adag si aad u hesho qaab, sababtoo ah muddo ku dhow toddoba sannadood, uu helin marti koob oo waa weyn, content yar.

guul Home for Victor L. in uu nolosha oo dhan lahaa cadaato kaliyeeli run in chess. Waxa uu u ciyaaray in ka badan 4500 kulan, waa in qaabka weyn, oo 80 sano isagoo Grandmaster ugu da'da weyn dunida oo dhan. Isagu ma baqay in aad ka doodid nidaamka, u diiday dhalashadiisa iyo dalkiisa. In 90-sano uu ka dib, laakiin waxa uu doortay si ay u helaan dhalashada Swiss.

afterword

Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich, kuwa u soo noqday taageerayaasha kitaabkii xilligii Soviet iyo si ay u muujiyaan ka intrigues siyaasadeed ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, ilaa maalmaha ugu dambeeya lagu hayaa maskaxda ku cad. Waxa uu Akhriyo Aayaadkanaga iyo xusuustay xataa xaqiiqooyinka yar-yaqaan ee taariikhda chess. Grandmaster qirtay in ay noqdaan ugu horeysay ee uu reebay ceebaha shakhsiyeed halkii ay machinations cadaawayaashooda. Waxa uu ahaa ma sverhodaron, laakiin had iyo jeer lahaa shaqada iyo dagaalka ruux adag. goostay A ma yeeleen, sababtoo ah ee u dhiirranow, laakiin halkii, oo ka mid quus. Ka dib wareysiga on telefishanka Dmitry Gordon ayaa sheegay in chess erayo cajiib ah macrobiotic: "hadalka aad si, waxaan noqday noqonee."

Dunida iyo dalka June 6, 2016 ogaaday in uu u dhintay Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich. Sababta dhimashada lama qeexan, laakiin aynu wada ognahay in dhowrkii sano ee lasoo dhaafay GM la pacemaker ah ku nool, la socday qasabka ah oo aan maqli karin, iyadoo la isticmaalayo qalabka gargaarka maqalka. Jirku wuxuu gaaray xadka. Waayo, live ka fog hooyo, kaas oo sannado badan ma jirin is faham wadaaga, imtixaanka ma fududa.