Cobalt - waa element kiimikada. Cobalt ee jirka aadanaha

Qofka caadiga ah aan la xidhiidha chemistry iyo daawo, sida caadiga ah, waa qiimaha Cobalt qeexin ay nolosha iyo caafimaadka. Sabab kale sababta aan u arkaa in ay adag tahay in la sharaxo waxa Cobalt - waxaa qaybinta caatada ah ee dabiiciga ah waa. Just 0,004% - taasi waa content ee qolof dhulka ee. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka biraha iyo xeryahooda ay si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa in industry, beeraha iyo daawo. In this article, waxaan ballaarin doonto aragtida doorka Cobalt in industry ee, iyo sidoo kale diiradda on hawlihiisa ee jirka aadanaha.

Dhig element ee nidaamka wareegsan

Maxaa ka dhacay nidaamka wareegsan degan Cobalt? Guryaha ah xubno ka kiimikada, oo ay ku jiraan biraha ina hor, waxay ku xiran tahay in ay meel in miiska Mendeleev. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in kooxda VIII (foomka miiska gaaban - in kooxda triad birta VIII). Sida bir iyo nickel ay la eb ee la soo dhaafay heerka tamarta jira laba electrons, oo tilmaamaysa in biraha ay leeyihiin ee d-xubnihii iyo sifooyinka ay aasaasiga ah. biraha waxay leedahay laba valence - II iyo III. Waayo, waxaa sidoo kale waa allotropes caadiga ah ifafaale, beddelka biraha laga yaabaa in qaab cubic ama hexagonal.

Waa maxay Cobalt?

Maxay yihiin guryaha jirka ah ee element ah? In muuqaalka waa bir ah isagoo qalbi engegnaantooda aawadeed sare iyo guryaha magnetic. isdiyaarintiisana silvery, ductility iyo xasiloonida kaamerada - halkan waa qaar ka mid ah calaamadaha jirka ah ee element ah asalka ah ee ceelka iyo laba kale oo ay daris yihiin oo in miiska wareegsan - nickel iyo bir. oxygen biyona Midkoodna ma dhaqmaan ma on Cobalt heerkulka caadiga ah. xeryahooda Its, tus, smalt, loo yaqaan tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore sida walxaha loo isticmaalo muraayada buluug iyo midabayn alaabta dhoobada.

Cobalt - waa bir caadiga ah, guryaha kiimikada ay la mid yihiin birta. Maxay yihiin muuqaalada oxides, saldhigyada iyo cusbada ay?

The xeryahooda ee divalent iyo trivalent Cobalt

Awoodda si ay u sameeyaan cusbada adag - feature ugu weyn ee atamka Co (III). Waxyaabahani waa deganayn, tirada isuduwidda Cobalt iyaga in ay had iyo jeer waa loo siman yahay ilaa lix. Waxay leeyihiin awoodda sare murqo. Celceliska cusbada, tus, CoCL ₃ ama Co ₂ (SO _{4) 3} si fudud loo beddelaa cusbo ah oo Cobalt - tani waa bir divalent ah. Anhydrous xeryahooda ay leeyihiin midab buluug ah, iyo hydrates crystalline iyo xal - pink. Marka la barbardhigo saldhig kale, trivalent hydroxide Cobalt by reaction la chloride ah acid foomamka cusba ah oo aan biyo ah, iyo sooco Xaggeeda chlorine a free. biraha divalent salka sida soo dadajin buluug ah helay fal-celin toos ah oo cusbo u dhigma la alkali ah. Halkan guryaha caan ku Cobalt ee dhismaha xal adag ee midba midka kale biraha - Alloys.

Waxay ku siinaysaa soo koobin wax farsamo gaar ah ee iska caabin in heerkulka sare, qalbi engegnaantooda aawadeed, caabiga abrasion iyo daxalka. Alloys kooban Cobalt waxaa loo isticmaalaa in industry difaaca iyo technology kiimikada gantaal loop u xiran yihiin. In wax soo saarka ee steels aalad, qalab la guryaha magnetic sida dopant ah sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa Cobalt. guryaha caan ku daawaha bir oo kale ah waa wax ka duwan fasalada caadiga bir, oo ka kooban chromium kaliya ama nickel.

Isticmaalka Cobalt ee farshaxanka

About saddexaad ah bir oo dhan soo saaray dunida oo dhan u dhaco si wax soo saarka ee cermets - qalabka farcan aan dabiici ahayn. taageero adag dhexdeeda waa carbide tungsten iyo gal ah, oo ka kooban qamaar ku dhaqmo Cobalt. Sidoo kale waa qalab istiraatiiji u ah wax soo saarka ee matoorada marawaxadaha in diyaaradaha.

birta saafiga ahayd waxaa la taaban karo aan loo isticmaalin, laakiin isticmaalka Cobalt sida isku dar ah waxyaabaha kale (bir ah, copper, tungsten iyo chromium) waxaa si balaadhan looga qaybiyey warshado kala duwan. daawaha Stellite ka kooban ilaa 60% Cobalt, ayaa iska caabin kulayl sare iyo qalbi engegnaantooda, waa wax muhiim ah, waayo, soo saarta jarida qalab iyo gelinno daloolin in sameynta qalab. Noocan oo kale ah xubno alloying sida tungsten iyo molybdenum, kor loogu qaado dabeecadihiisa. daawaha Vitalium isagoo iska caabin sare in lahayo ku caag ah, sidoo kale waxaa ku jira Cobalt. guryaha caan xarunta waa sida soo socota: kulaylka u adkaysta iyo acid u adkaysta, loo isticmaalo soo saaridda qalabka kiimikada: columns Avv, unugyada fractionation. Doorka Alloys ee la dagaalanka noocyada kala duwan ee daxalka, qaybo iyo habab sida laga sameeyey stellite, iska caabin nabaad at dhaqdhaqaaqa farsamo vibrational iyo meelaha khilaaf in makiinado ay soo sari gudaha.

Hababka diyaarinta Cobalt

warshado kala duwan oo u baahan isticmaalka qalabka ay ku jiraan Cobalt. Tani waxay u siyaadiyaa senti iyo macdanta, kuwaas oo shpeysa Cobalt iyo gloss. Halabuurka The dhagaxyada, kuwaas oo sidoo kale ka mid ah arsenic, waxaa ciidamada isticmaalka ammaanka adkeeyay in habka dikhaw. Aasaasiga ah habka diyaarinta ee Cobalt - pyrometallurgy sidoo kale isticmaalka a hab falanqeeyo ore sulphate acid. The ugu wanaagsan yihiin lacag dhigaal ah ee senti silicate iyo xabagta, pyrite iyo pentlandite ee Shiinaha, Russia (Peninsula Kola ah, ee Republic of Tuva iyo territory Krasnoyarsk), iyo sidoo kale in Kanada.

biraha loo isticmaalo beeraha iyo daawo

guryaha muhiim qaarkood hantiyeen Cobalt microelement, fududeeyo codsiga, tusaale ahaan, in la kordhiyo in dalagga mass daaqsinka. In alfalfa, jaawida, dhir iyo kuwa kale oo qiimo leh calafka cows Leguminous qoyska, waxaa ku jira ku nitrogen u qardarin enzymatic reactions dhaca via nodule bakteeriyada. yaraanshaha nafaqada muujiyey by calaamadaha sida midab of lamina iyo khasaaraha ka mid ah awoodda ay u leeyihiin in ay photosynthesize, gaabis geeddi socodka koritaanka iyo xadgudub ee wareegga horumarinta dhan geedka. content Cobalt xad dhaafka ah ee suuragalka ah ay sabab u tahay xadgudub ku ah xeerarka qaadashada nafaqeeyayaalka yar. Tan iyo markii ay xeryahooda ay aadka u L. biyo, waxay isla markiiba geli doonaa xylem iyo xubno tabinta (xidhmo xidhmo isugu fibrovascular) dhacaa sheet mesophyll, keenaya midab iyo engegay. Inta badan xasaasi u ah xad-dhaaf ah raad element cereals, miro, oo shaciir ah, bariis.

Kiimikada noole doorka xeryahooda Cobalt

Branch of bayoolaji in daraasaad arrinta ku nool ee heerka kelli iyo gacanta, ayaa la aasaasay shaqo muhiim ah oo element kiimikada. falgalka iyo hormoonnada - Waa qayb ka mid ah ka qayb non-protein ah ee walxaha bayoloji firfircoon yahay. Tusaale ahaan, Cobalt ee jidhka bini'aadamka waa u taagoo tyroksiini soo saaray qanjirka thyroid iyo hababka sharciyeed dheefshiidka ah. Waxa kale oo muhiim ah hormone in dejisa heerka glucose ee plasma dhiigga - insulin. Waxaa ku qarisay by β-unugyada ka Islets of Langerhans ganaca iyo sidoo kale ka kooban tahay xarunta Cobalt ah. element qaadashada ku filnayn in unugyada aadanaha iyo xubnaha arkay inta lagu jiro kala-guurka ee ka quudinta isku dhafan si vegetarianism, halka injirta waxaa dixirigoodu iyo cudurada of nidaamka dheefshiidka. Sida aad arki karto, Cobalt - waa element raad a, si dhab ah oo saameeya heerka homeostasis ee jirka aadanaha.

Qiimaha element ah kiimikada shiid

Dhiigga, dhuuxa lafta qaadeen dhacaa qayb ka mid ah walxaha Cobalt - activators ensaymes kala. Mid ka mid ah vitamins waaweyn B - tsiankobolamin (V _12), ka qayb formation of unugyada dhiigga cas ee xubnaha hematopoietic, ka ilaaliya anemia. Cunto si fiican iyo isku dheeli tiran oo ka kooban beerka, hilibka lo'da, cuntada badda, abrikot, xididdo, ku siin doonaa heerka loo baahan yahay ee Cobalt ee jirka aadanaha (qiyaastii 40 mg maalintii), iyo waxa ay ka hortagi doonaa cudurradii oo nidaamka difaaca jirka, wadnaha iyo hormoonada jidhka.