Colima (webiga) halkaas?

Waxa kaliya sidaas waxay u noqotay in magaca Kolyma ah si loogu yeero gobolka in isku daraa Gobolka Magadan iyo Yakutia, dhicisoobay si ay u noqdaan xarunta of talooyin habka ciqaabta ee dalka. Halkan waxaa ku jira xerooyinka ugu cabsi badan, iyo magaca webiga qurux weyn waqooyi Russia ayaa weli la xiriira cadaadis dulmiga badan. Laakiin waxaan ka hadli doonaa oo ku saabsan hydronyms cajiib ah - awood webiga Kolyma loo nicmeeyay anagu waday oo dhan nolosha - iyo qabiil leeyihiin selivshimsya dheer oo ay la socdaan qararkiisa, oo maanta waxaan aan la fikirayso jiritaanka aan furan dalalka safra Ruush.

A yar oo taariikh

First Kolyma River (Halyma Yakut) waxa lagu sheegay warbixinta Pomor-sahamisa Mihayly Staduhina, oo madax ka ah duulaan ku, taas oo dhalisay in daahfurka dalalka cusub ee maddiibadaheeda, iyo Indigirka Alazeya (1639), iyo sidoo kale salka ku 1644 ee qeybaha hoose oo ka mid ah afar meelood Kolyma jiilaalka. Waxa uu sidoo kale qeexayaa barbariyiintiina inhospitable - warlike Chukchi, ilaaliya jidka u gaar ah nolosha iyo qaataan waqti si ay u bixiyaan martigalisa qof. Yukagirs, Tungus, Chukchi, Evenki, degeen on xeebaha kuwaas oo obzhivshie meelaha inhospitable, galaan kalluumaysiga, ugaarsiga, eey ka dib sledding.

xerada Nizhnekolymskiy jiilaalka deyrka lahaa waxay ahayd bar billow for guutadii mustaqbalka iyo baadkaba ee raadinta dhulalka xarriiqay inay culus ka. Laga soo bilaabo 1647-1648 sano dalka iyo duulaan biyo qaatay, buuxi meesha sawirka dhiganta sharaxaada.

The sahamisa horjeeda caanka Dmitry Laptev, kuwaas oo soo gaaray oo qayb ka ah Northern Great ku duulaan, in 1741 tilmaamay qeybaha sare ee webiga, oo uu keenay afka River Kolyma, si gaar ah marinnada xaq ay Stone Kolyma, qaab-dhismeedka gaar ah - minaarad aqoonsi, taas oo markii dambe u noqday halbowlaha u ah mashaariic badan oo cilmi-baaris. Laga soo bilaabo halkan socodka caanka Wrangell, Billings iyo sahamiyayaal kale si siman caanka ah. Tani waa sheekada helitaanka meelahan, inhospitable, adag, laakiin soo jiidasho iyo qurux endearing aan caadi ahayn xagga woqooyi. Ina keena aynu fiiriyaa meesha River Kolyma dhasho, taas oo xanbaarsan biyo ay, kuwaas oo jidka ku yahay iyo in ay la kulanto.

Asalka magaca

Qubarada ayaa weli ma iman in loo dhanyahay oo ku saabsan asalka ah ee magaca (Colima). Evens - degganaa wadaniga ah ee meelahan, soo yeedhay Kullu, oo laga bilaabo webiga hab Turkish turjumay. Maanta magacan waa la ilaaliyay oo kaliya isha midig ee River Kolyma ah. Michael waxa uu ugu yeerayaa Stadukhin Yakov iyo ka dib yaqaan nin casri ah si ay u - Kolyma. Tijaabi xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya Qadiimiga ah Kullu iyo Kolyma suurtogal ma aha in qof walba, oo mala muranka ku saabsan asalka ah ee Yukagir magaca sidoo kale waxaa ka maqan caddayn. Malaha weligeedba way sii qarsoodiga ah magaca la yaab leh - Kolyma River. Meeday bilowgiisa, waxaan ka baranaynaa on.

madax

Kolyma sameeyay laba xira il Okhotsk- Kolyma sare: webiga Ayan Yuriakh, degaa u dhaxaysa dhagaxyada xigtaa Halkan iyo webiga Kullu baxay labada webi ee dhagax adag Spurs Suntar-Hayata. Waxaa halkan ka in gaadiidka webiga xagga woqooyi inay Ocean Arctic ah.

Kolyma River halkaas oo barwaaqaysan

weysada la addoommo badan sujuuday dhulka ugu badan ee gobolka Magadan ah, Khabarovsk Krai, Yakutia, taabto meelaha qaar ka mid ah Chukotka iyo Kamchatka. Xaareysa waddadiisa badda la soo dhex maro jirkiisa ah, albaaka buuraha dhagax, River Kolyma ay faaruqdo Badda Siberian Bariga 3 afkooda awood badan:

• Eastern - maraakiibta Stone Kolyma isagoo adag 20-ka kilomitir ballaaran. dhererka afka waa 50 km oo qoto dheer - ku saabsan 9 m.

• dhexdhexaad ah - Pokhodsk Kolyma, dhererka darafta 25 km, width a of 0.5 ilaa 2 km oo qoto dheer ah 3,5-4,5 m.

• West - Kolyma Chukchi, sidoo kale waxay leedahay cabbir aad u cajiib ah, oo dhererkiisu 60 km, width ah 3-4 km oo qoto dheer - 8-9 m.

dhererka Delta ee salka ku saabsan yahay 110 km, oo ay degaanka 3 kordhiyay ku dhawaad kun oo laba jibaaran. km.

Oo dhererkeeda iyo sifooyinka

Waa maxay dhererka webiga? Colima leeyahay dherer ah 2129 km, iyo haddii aad tirisaan ka isha Kenelichi - River, addoon u ah xaq u of Kullu, waxa ay kor u kordhisaa in 2513 km. Ku dhowaad 1400 km Kolyma socodka guud expanses ee gobolka Magadan ah, inta kale ee ay waddo marta Yakutia, iyo ilaha ay ku yaalaan Territory Khabarovsk ah.

Meesha of weysada webiga waa arrin cajiib ah - 643 kun sq M.. km. On bangiga bidix been Valley Kolyma ah, si dabiici ah qaybinaya maddiibadood oo ah Kolyma iyo Indigirka. Halabuurka The dhismaha ee Highlands ka mid ah inclusions badan dhagaxyada igneous ugu cad tirsan muddada Mesozoic, kaas oo hubinaya in ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen kayd dahab ah ee goobahaas. nooca qarxa ah madax buurta webiga la Rapids khatar ah si tartiib tartiib ah ku siinayaa habka ugu kacday xagga bannaanka of Kolyma ee dooxada on socodka kalsooni-joogta. Sariirta aad u Meander noqonaya tiro badan oo gacmo. Meelaha qaarkood ay weheliyaan bangiyada waa mid aad u xiiso - xashiyihii biyaha iska dhagaxyada dhagax dab ah, tiriska ahaa ee loo yaqaan "tala" ah, kayd dabacsan qadiimiga ah - meelaha bacrin ah ee waxbarashada qaddiimiga ah in laga helay lafihii mammoths. Meelaha qaarkood xeebaha kaneecada ama daboolay dhoobo dhagta dili karo xoolaha iyo xitaa aadanuhu.

Ka dib markii wadada Kolyma River Highlands saareen guud ahaan expanses of Yakutia - xididdada dahab-sita ugu weyn ee Jamhuuriyadda Ruush. Halkan, dhinac-bangiga bidix ee Kolyma ah dooxada si tartiib tartiib ah maraa bannaankii Dhuldhoobo waqooyi ka.

Kolyma River: araaciyey

On dhinaca midigta ee webiga xagga stretch waqooyi-galbeed ee dhagax adag-schist buuraha Kolyma daboolay Dhirta dhilka cajiib ah. Halkan bilaabmaa oo dhan addoommo ah Kolyma ah - Bahapcha, Buyunda, Balygychan, Sugoy, Korkodon, Berezovka, Kamenka, Omolon, yaryar iyo kuwa waaweyn Anuy. addoommo Left -. Seimchan, siday, Yasachnaya, Popovka, Zyryanka, Ozhogina, Sededema River, iwm Ma aan micne lahayn ee halyeeyada qadiimiga ka kooban by dadka ee Eastern Siberia, River Kolyma la carruur badan marka la barbar dhigo ee, u tari jirtay, kobciya oo kiciyey 35 carruur ah. Taasi waa tirada addoommo - badan ama ka yar muhiim ah in webiga Kolyma halkaas. Sida ay legend, gaboobay webiga hooyada carruurta siiyey xilkiisa ka mid ah: in ay noqon deeqsi ah, oo qoto dheer, kalluumaysiga, daryeelka dadka ku dhow ku nool. Kaliya hal loogasoo Omolon loo moodayay in ay taageero iyadii. Indeed, qulqulaya waxan oo dhan bilaa baraf gu'ga ka hor, quudinta Kolyma ah.

Jidka A qalloocan in badda

Iyadoo Gilgilan jiho kasta, River Kolyma ku jidkiisa ka soo koonfur-galbeed waqooyi-galbeed, mararka qaarkood si weyn geesgees u tago iyo samaynta jilibka weyn. Sidaas daraaddeed, in addoon bidix ee Shumikha Kolyma ah inuu u dhaqaaqo waqooyi bari, ka dibna la geeyo koonfur, si tartiib ah u astaysanyahay jihada woqooyi in kulanka ee ay River Zyryanka. Sidaas daraaddeed, maroojin iyo duubo, Kolyma gaadho wadooyin Vyatkina ah, halkaas oo mar kale qeexay in koonfur-bari, ka dibna badala jihada in waqooyi-galbeed magaalada Srednekolymsk ka iyo mar kale in waqooyi-bari. jihada Tani waxay la hayo iyo araaciyey ugu weyn Omolon, laakiin ka dib markii kulanka webiga Anyuya ah, jeedsadaa in waqooyi-galbeed, ilaalinta horay jihada this in Bay ee Ocean Arctic ah.

Tani waxay kor u formation of meandering gudahood hannaanka ka mid ah socodka. Tusaale ahaan, hoos ku socodka Verkhnekolymsk Shipanovskaya abuurtaa aag aad u ballaaran ku filan Shipanovsky Island ee qeybaha hoose ee afka webiga Konyaeva koollo yaryar sameeyay jejebinta oo dhan jasiiradaha, loo yaqaan maanta jasiiradda. Tegin channel ugu weyn ee gobolka of mareenka gudbo Zahrebetnaya koollo ku xiran at Kolyma Nizhnekolymsk, abuurista elongated jasiiradda 110 km dhererka weyn iyo width laga bilaabo 10 ilaa 20 km.

sifooyinka biyaha

Kolyma - quudinta durdur oo isku darsanaa, la doorbidayo baraf-roob la Fadilid 47% iyo 42%. 11% ku dhacaa badalkooda ee dhulka. In xagaaga heerka biyuhu si weyn dhibciyo, anigoo keliya inta lagu jiro roobab culus. Dhacaan iyo daadadka muddo gaaban. heerkulka biyaha webiga oo si joogto ah u hooseeya, sida caadiga ah aan ka soo baxna 10-15 ° C, iyo kaliya ee xasilloon galay meelaha gacmeed qorraxda xagaaga July dhamaystirka Kulaashaan ilaa 20-22 ° C. Kolyma wuu barafoobay ee October, sannadaha qabow - dhamaadka September. Debcinta horreeyaa, miyigii oo baraf ah, oo dhacdo ee formation daaalo ku deldesheen oo biyo-xireenno baraf, muddada oo kala duwan 2 maalmood bil ah.

Free baraf Kolyma River si ay sare ee xagaaga kalandarka. Jebi-up laga yaabaa socon 2 ilaa 18 maalmood, waxaa inta badan la socda ciriiriga cajiib ah.

maraakiibta

Laga bilaabo afka Bahapchi webiga ka, Colima noqdo navigable. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhaqdhaqaaqa caadiga ah ee weelasha waxaa lagu fuliyaa ka Seimchan dekedda. Muddada muddo navigation firfircoon waa 4-5 bilood. The dekedaha ugu muhiimsan ee Kolyma ah - Seimchan, Zyryanka, Cherskii.

isticmaalka aadanaha

In qeybaha hoose ee webiga horumariyo kalluumeysiga, soo saarista macdanta. Webiga xoogbadane qurux badan waqooyiga maanta nin, isaga oo siinaya noocyada kalluunka ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale korontada soo saaray at Kolyma HPP. iyaga Warshad Tani xireenada. Yi Frishter dhisay meel u dhow Sinegorye tuulada wuxuuna abuuraa tiro oo koronto ah, taas oo ku filan 95% ka mid ah gobolka. Kolyma HPP - oo kaliya heerka ugu sare oo ka mid ah saldhigyada hydropower Cascade Kolyma. Maanta dhamaado dhismaha Ust-Srednekanskaya ku HPP, oo waa marxaladda labaad ee Cascade ah. Sannadkii 2013, waxaan ka kasbaday unit ugu horeysay Haydarooliga, iyo awood buuxda ee saldhigga ku siin doono ammaanka sahayda ee gobolka iyo horumarka wax ku ool ah ee warshadda macdan qodista ee gobolka.

Oo haatan ku nool nin buuxa durduri iyo xoog badanuna iskuma si buuxda u bartay River Kolyma ah. Photos soo bandhigay daabacaadan muujiyaan quruxdiisa iyo awoodda, caawiyo akhristaha in la qiyaaso jiidashada la yaab leh oo ka mid ah dahsoon Northern Belle River.