Dr Makumbe Europe, gobolka iyo magaalada. History of Qarniyadii Europe

Muddada Dr Makumbe waxaa lagu magacaabaa bareeg waqtiga u dhexeeya xilliyo cusub iyo odayga. Chronologically, ay ugu aadayso qaabka ugu dambaysta V-VI in XVI (mararka qaarkood inclusively), da '. Taa baddalkeeda, qarniyadii dhexe waxaa loo qaybiyaa saddex. Tani, gaar ahaan, hore, sare (dhexe) iyo dabayaaqadii xilligii (hore Renaissance). Next, ka fiirso sida ay u horumariyaan gobolka Dr Makumbe Yurub.

sifooyinka Guud

By mugga dhacdooyinka in ay leeyihiin ahmiyad gaar ah u ah nolosha dhaqan, qarnigii XIV-XVI, loo arkaa in ay waqti gaar ah kana madaxbannaan. Degree of heritability ah qaababka caan ku marxaladaha hore ahaa kala duwan. Qarniyadii Western Europe, qaybo Bartamaha iyo Bariga, iyo sidoo kale meelaha qaar ka mid ah Oceania, Asia, iyo Indonesia raagayaan xubno ka soo jireenka ah ee mudada qadiimiga ah. Degsiimada of Peninsula Balkan waxay doonayeen inay dhaqan isweydaarsiga ku filan u daran. Warku isku qabtay oo kale magaalooyinka Dr Makumbe in Europe: oo ku yaalla koonfurta of Spain iyo France. Isla mar ahaantaana ay u muuqdaan in ay la soo dhaafay ka soo noqon, ilaalinteedu ay vestiges oo ka mid ah guulihii Quruumihii hore in kuwa ama meelaha kale. Haddii aan ka hadlo koonfurta iyo koonfur-bari, horumarinta halkan ahayd mid ku salaysan dhaqan, la aasaasay sida ugu jeer Roman.

"Dhaqanka gumaysigii"

Hawlgalkani waxa uu ku faafay in qaar ka mid ah magaalooyinka Dr Makumbe of Europe. Waxaa jira kooxo badan oo qowmiyadeed dhaqankooda si adag loo hogaansamey qaabka guud ee jirka, laakiin waxay dooneen inay lifaaq caadiga ah meelo badan oo kale oo ka mid ah diinta. Sidaas daraaddeed, tusaale ahaan, waxa uu ahaa la Saxons ah. Franks isku dayay in uu ku qasbo in ay ku soo lifaaq uu - Christian - dhaqanka. Waxaa sidoo kale saameyn ku qabiilooyinka kale in ay sii raagayaan Ilaahyo kale aaminsan. Laakiin marka qabashada dalka Romans marna isku dayeen in ay ku qasbi dadka in ay aqbalaan iimaanka cusub. gumaysigii Cultural waxaa la socday ka qarnigii XV, siyaasadda dagaal badan oo ka mid ah dalka Holland, Portugal, Spain, iyo dalal ka dib kale, si ay u qabsadaan dhulalka.

qabiilooyinka reer guuraaga

Taariikhda Dr Makumbe Europe, marxalad hore, gaar ahaan, waxaa ka buuxay maxaabiis ahaan, dagaallo, burbur degsiimooyinka. Wakhtigan si firfircoon uga dhex marayay damacyadii qabiilooyinka reer guuraaga ah. Dr Makumbe Europe waxaa la kulma socdaalka weyn ee dadyowga. Intii lagu guda jiray ayaa waxaa dhacday qaybinta mid ah kooxaha qowmiyadaha in degeen gobollada qaarkood, supplanting ama isku la Jinsiyadaha waxaa horay-jira. Sidaas darteed, waxaan abuuri symbioses cusub, burinaya bulshada. Sidaas daraaddeed, tusaale ahaan, waxa uu ahaa in Spain, kaas oo lagu soo duulay by baadiyaha ah Muslim ee BC qarnigii VIII ah. Marka tan la eegayo taariikhda Dr Makumbe Europe ka qadiimiga khilaafeen yar.

dalalka Waxbarashada

ilbaxnimada Qarniyadii Yurub ayaa waxaad fartaan Wannaagga arrin degdeg ah. In muddo hore la aasaasay dawladaha waaweyn iyo kuwa yaryar oo badan. ugu weyn waxay ahayd frankiyskoe. gobolka Roomaanka ee Italy oo noqday dal madax-bannaan. Inta kale ee Dr Makumbe Europe galay madaxda badan oo waaweyn iyo kuwo yaryar in ay ahaayeen oo kaliya in gudbinta rasmiga ah ee ay boqorradii dalka qaababka ballaadhan. Tani waxay khusaysaa gaar ahaan in ay u hayaamay Britain, Scandinavia, iyo dalalka kale oo aan ka mid ahaa in ka kooban oo ka mid ah dalalka waaweyn. In qaybta bari ee dunida ayaa sidoo kale soo maray geedi socodka la mid ah. Sidaas daraaddeed, tusaale ahaan, in Shiinaha waqtiyo kala duwan, waxay ku dhowaayeen 140 dal. Si wada jir ah oo leh awooda Imperial iyo dhulgoosadka halkaas - milkiilayaasha sannee lahaa, iyo waxyaabo kale, maamulka, ciidanka, iyo mararka qaar xitaa lacag iyaga u gaar ah. Sidaas darteed of qaybsanaanta this ahaayeen dagaallo joogta ah, go'amada si cad cad, iyo gobolka waxay ahayd guud ahaan mid daciif ah.

dhaqanka

ilbaxnimada Qarniyadii Yurub horumariyo aad Nuurre Aw. Tani waxay ka muuqataa dhaqanka ee muddada. Waxaa jiray dhowr jiho ah horumarinta gudbikaraa this. Gaar ahaan, subculture qarsan sida magaalooyinka, ridayeen, geesigeeda. Horumarinta amiirradii dhulgoosadka la soo dhaafay ayaa ku hawlan. By City (burgher) dhaqanka waa in la kala saaraa sida farsamo iyo baayacmushtariyadii.

hawlaha

Dr Makumbe Europe ahaa sababta ugu weynina beerashada. In kuwa ama gobollada kale, si kastaba ha ahaatee, xusay xawaaraha sineyn ee horumarinta iyo bilow in noocyada kala duwan ee hawlaha. Tusaale ahaan, dadyowga reer guuraaga ah, degeen on dalkii hore kaymo quruumaha kale, waxay bilaabeen inay ku lug beeraha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tayada shaqada iyo natiijooyinka xiga ee ay ahayd mid aad u xun badan ee dadka wadaniga ah. In muddada hore ee Qarniyadii Europe waxay ahayd habka de-magaalaynta. Intii lagu guda jiray dadka uu ka soo degsiimooyinka waaweyn halaagnay dhaqaaqay baadiyaha. Sidaas darteed, muwaadiniinta lagu qasbay in ay ka guurto on in hawlaha kale. All maarmaanka ah yaroow soo saaray nolosha, marka laga reebo waxyaabaha biraha. Beer ku qodaya dhulka la dhowaad guud qaadeen labada by dadka (ay faaiidaysto mixaraatka saara), ama isticmaalka xoolaha - dibi ama lo'da. Iyada oo qarniyo IX-X ayaa codsatay clip. Iyada oo ay taasi waxay bilaabeen inay macrifada faraska. Laakiin xayawaanka kuwanu waxay ahaayeen in tiro aad u yar. Ilaa qarnigii XVIII ka, beeralayda isticmaali mixaraatka saara alwaax iyo majarafad alwaax. Ma laga yaabaa dhif filan yihiin inay daboolaan watermills iyo Falkenberg waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan in qarnigii XII ah. Saaxiibkiis Constant xilliga in abaar.

horumarinta bulshada iyo siyaasadda

muddo hore lahaanshaha dhulka loo qoondeeyey dhaxeeya beeralayda bulshooyinka, kiniisadda iyo amiirradii dhulgoosadka. Tartiib tartiib dhacay enslavement dadka. Earth beeralayda free bilaabay inuu ku biiro hoos Meeleeyasha kuwa ama qaybo kale oo kaniisadda ama dhulgoosatada cilmaani ah oo iyaga la nool hal meel. Sidaas darteed, si ay u centenary line-ku nasanayay xiriir dhaqaale iyo mid shakhsiyadeed darajooyin kala duwan ku dhowaad meel kasta. Farmer isticmaalka dhulka lahaa in la siiyo mid ka mid ah toban meelood wadarta soo saarka, qaawi on sayidkii ayaa dhagax wax, kibis, shaqada aqoon is waydaarsiyada ama in beeraha, inay ka qayb qaataan shuqullo kale. In the case of khatar dagaal lagu soo eedeeyey ilaalinta milkiilaha dalka. Serfdom in Qarniyadii Europe la joojiyay in gobollada kala duwan ee xilliyada kala duwan. marka hore ayaa la sii daayay yaroow tiirsan ee France qarnigii XII ah - bilowgii yimaddeen. Tan iyo qarnigii XV noqday yaroow free ee England. Tani waxay dhacday ay sabab u tahay dayrka u ah dalka. In Norway, tusaale ahaan, beeraleyda iyo kooxda aysan ku tiirsanayn.

ganacsiga

xiriirka Market ayaa ama sarrifka (alaabta alaabta) ama dhaqaale (badeecadaha-lacag). magaalooyinka kala duwan lahaa miisaanka lacag ah ee lacagta birta ah, awoodda wax iibsiga kala duwan. lacag, reexaanta dhulgoosadka yaabaa sayidyada, kuwii qabtay patent a Cukuse. Maqnaanshaha ganacsiga nidaamsan bilaabay si ay u horumariyaan cadaalad ah. Waxay caadi ahaan lagu qabtaa in lala kuwa ama fasaxyada kale ee diineed. Under derbiyada qalcaddii princely sameeyay suuqyada waaweyn. baayacmushtariyaasha ayaa habeeyay Guilds iyo hogaaminayo ganacsiga gudaha iyo midda dibadda. About waqtiga aan sameeyay Hanseatic League. Oo isagu wuxuu noqday ururka ugu weyn ee isu keeno baayacmushtariyaasha tiro ka mid ah dalalka. By 1300 ee ay ka kooban ahaa in ka badan 70 magaalo oo u dhexeeya Holland iyo Livonia. Waxay la qaybsan 4 qaybood. At madaxa gobol kasta waxay ahayd magaalo weyn. Waxay lahaa xidhiidh la degsiimooyinka yar. magaalooyinka waxay ahaayeen bakhaarada, hotels (taas oo joogay baayacmushtariyaasha), wakiilada ganacsiga. Horumarinta oo ka mid ah qalab iyo wajiyada dhaqan ayaa qeyb ka ilaa xad gaar ah yimaddeen.

horumarka farsamo

Muddadan, oo wuxuu lahaa oo taranta oo kaliya. Tani ayaa loo saarin karaa in ay Shiinaha, kaas ayaa sarre u fog weeraryahanka qaraabo in Europe. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax horumar ah ka dhacay, iyadoo labo caqabadaha rasmi ah: charter Guild iyo kiniisadda. Last mamnuucayaa sida ay tixgelin fikirka, marka hore - ka cabsi tartanka. In saanacyadii magaalooyinka la mideeyay ee dukaanka. Ururka ka baxsan ma suurto gal ahayd sababo dhowr ah. Shop qaybisay waxyaabaha la, tirada wax soo saarka, meel ka mid ah sale. Waxay sidoo kale ka go'an oo si adag loo xakameeyo tayada wax soo saarka. Seminaaro raacay qalabka on kuwaas oo-soo-saarka qaadataa meel. Charter nidaamiyo iyo wakhtiga firaaqada, iyo shaqada, dharka, ciidaha iyo ka badan. Technology qarsoodi ah si dhow ula Ilaalinna. Haddii ay duubay, oo kaliya codes iyo maray si gaar ah qaraabada dhaxlay. Inta badan technology isku mid ah iyo sii qarsoodiga ah ee jiilalka mustaqbalka.