Hanseatic League. Ganacsiga ugu horeysay oo ururka dhaqaalaha ee taariikhda Europe

In Germany maanta, waxaa ku Sugan Calaamad gaar ah oo ka mid ah kala duwanaanshaha taariikhiga ah, caddayn in toddobadii magaalooyinka ee dawladda loola jeedaa masuul ee dhaqanka iyo naadir ku yahay taariikhda muddada-dheer, wadajir isbahaysiga faa'iido iyo iskaa wax u qabso. calaamadaasuna - warqad Latin H. Waxaa loola jeedaa in magaalada, taas oo ka bilaabanayso in taargooyinka liisan warqad, qayb ka mid ah Hanseatic League waxay ahaayeen. warqado HB on saxan liisanka waa in loo akhriyo sida Hansestadt Bremen - «Hanseatic City of Bremen», HL -. «magaalada Hanseatic of Lübeck" H Warqadda ayaa sidoo kale ku jiraa isagoo gaari qolka magaalooyinka free of Hamburg, Greifswald, Stralsund, Rostock iyo Wismar, ciyaaro Hanse doorka muhiimka ah Dr Makumbe.

Hansa - this bulshada, taas oo in XIII - XVII qarniyo magaalooyinka Jarmal midaysan si xor ah u baayacmushtariyaashii iyo ganacsiga xoogga amiirradii dhulgoosadka ilaaliyo, iyo sidoo kale burcad-imaad wadajir ah. Isku mid ah magaalada kuwaas oo deganaa burghers ah - muwaadiniinta free, ay, ka duwan maadooyinka ay boqorro iyo sayidyo dhulgoosadka, ku xiran sharciyada "xuquuqda magaalooyinka" (Lubeck, Magdeburg). Hanseatic League ee muddooyinka kala duwan ee jiritaankeeda ka koobnayd 200 magaalo, oo ay ku jiraan Berlin iyo Dorpat (Tartu), Danzig (Gdansk) iyo Cologne, Konigsberg (Kaliningrad) iyo Riga. In la horumariyo waajib dhan baayacmushtariyaasha xeerarka iyo sharciyada ee Lübeck, waxa uu noqday xarunta weyn ee ganacsiga badda ku jira xeedhada oo ka mid ah Waqooyiga iyo Baltic Badaha, si joogto ah u socday ururka ka qaybgalayaasha shirweynaha. In qaar ka mid ah magaalooyinka Yurub, aan xubin ka ahayn Hanseatic League ah, waxaa jiray "xafiis" - laamaha iyo xafiisyada wakiilka Hanseatic League, ilaaliyo mudnaanta ka dhanka ah isfurnaashaha oo ah amiirradii hoose iyo degmooyinka. The "xafiiska" ugu weyn ku taalaa London, Bruges, Bergen iyo Novgorod. Sida caadiga ah, "Maxkamadaha Jarmal" lahaa guraan iyo bakhaarada u gaar ah oo ay, iyo ka ugu badan ee lacagta iyo canshuuraha ahaayeen reeban.

Sida laga soo xigtay qaar ka mid ah taariikhyahanadu casriga ah, dhacdooyinka, bilaabay abuuritaanka urur shaqaale waa in loo arkaa in ay tahay aasaaska Lübeck ee 1159 Hanseatic League wuxuu ahaa tusaale ahaan naadir ah ee ururka, kaas oo ay dhammaan dhinacyada ugu shaqeeyaan hadafka guud - horumarinta xiriirka ganacsi. alwaaxda, maabalka, malab, wax, galley: Maadaama uu baayacmushtariyaasha German oo ka mid ah koonfurta iyo galbeedka qaaradda alaabta ka Eastern iyo Northern Europe helay. CPSB (sailboats), oo ay ku raran cusbo, iyo khamri maro ahaayeen dhinaca ka soo horjeeda. Qarnigii XV ku Hanseatic League bilaabeen inay la kulmaan guul darro ka dib markii guuldarro ay ka-state quruun, dib-u-soo baxaya deegaanka ee ay danaha dhaqaale: England, Holland, gobolka Muscovite, Denmark iyo Poland. Taliyayaashii quruumihii kale waxay u xoog helo ma doonayaan in ay lumiso dakhliga ka soo dhoofiyo, sidaas daraaddeed, hareen maxkamadaha ganacsiga Hanseatic. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hansa ku jiray ilaa qarnigii XVII ah. Inta badan xubnaha adkaysi isbahaysiga ayaa dhab ahaantii kala diro Lübeck - calaamad u ah awoodda baayacmushtariyaasha Jarmal, Bremen iyo Hamburg. Magaalooyinkaas ee 1630 galay saddex hab isbahaysi ah. Isbahaysiga ganacsiga Hanseatic burburay ka dib 1669. Waxay ahayd markaa in Lübeck ahaa kulan ee la soo dhaafay, kaas oo noqday dhacdo final ee taariikhda Hanseatic League.

Falanqaynta of-aragnimo ah ee ugu horeysay ee taariikhda ee Europe ururka dhaqaalaha iyo ganacsiga, guulaha iyo Taangiyo iyo xiiso taariikhyahanadu ay iyo ganacsato casriga ah iyo siyaasiyiinta kuwaas oo maskaxda waxaa mashquulsanaa arrimaha isdhexgalka Yurub.