Ducat Golden. qadaadiicda Ruush qaali ah. ducat Royal dahab ah

ducat Golden waa unugga lacageed ee Empire Ruush iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti. Waqtiyo kala duwan, waxa uu lahaa mid ka mid ah ama wax u dhigma midka kale rubles. magaca waxa loo adeegsaday in nolol maalmeedka tan iyo bilowgii qarnigii labaatanaadna wuxuu u soo gudbiyo taallo raso in toban cutub, tusaale ahaan, hryvnia ah, rubles, euros iyo wixii la mid ah. Waxaa la xidhiidha in la sii daayo oo ka mid ah qadaadiic dahab USSR, miisaanka, qalab iyo dhinacyada oo lagu celiyo toban-ducat Nicholas. Waxaa jira version kale. Waxaa la sheegay in magaca "gabal oo dahab ah" waxaa ka soo jeeda magac "dahab saafi ah", ie "Red". macnaha cusub ee erayga ugu dambeyntii xididaysan ay ka dib markii dib u habaynta lacagta ee 1922-1924 ah.

Saarka Russia

Markii hore, qeexidda "ducat dahabka" khuseysaa wax qadaadiicda oo dahab ah shisheeye ka daawaha tayo sare leh qabtay. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid ahaayeen sequins iyo ducats ka Netherlands iyo Hungary. Iyada oo Ivan III in Peter aan gayiga Russia qabtay dahab gaar qadaadiicda boqornimada. Waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan lacagta qadaadiicda oo dahab ah (sida ikhtiyaarka ah - Cervone), laakiin waxa ay u muuqdaan in loo isticmaalo calaamadaha Ajir. On soo saarka, kuwaas oo ahaa image gorgorka iyo sawirka bar-dhererka (shimbir mararka double-madax ahaa labada dhinac ee hal shilin).

On carshiga Peter aan

hordhaca ah ee gogo 'oo dahab ah oo la xidhiidha fulinta dibuhabaynta lacagta. Habka cusub ee lacag bixinta ee miisaankiisuna wuxuu ahaa 3,47 garaam oo saamiga 986. Dhamaan sifooyinka waxay ahayd la mid ah ducat ee Hungarian. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxaa la bilaabay wax soo saarka ee lacagta birta ah ee ku dhegay laba inood u dahab. Miisaankooda horay 6,94 garaam ahaa.

lacagta qadaadiicda oo dahab Ruush ah ayaa la soo saaray ee 1701. Markii hore, 118 nuqul ayaa la soo saaray. Waxay la adeegsaday in macaamil ganacsi la gashay ganacsatada dibada.

ducat Golden 1907 (taariikhda xarfaha ku qoran) heli karaa nuqul ka mid ah hal. Wuxuu ku jiray Vienna Museum ka ururinta Biron. In 2010, muunada this gaar ah ayaa lagu qiyaasay saddex boqol oo kun oo doolar. Hermitage The, waxaad ka arki kartaa saldhig dhab ah ducat lacag 1907 Inta badan waxaa jira remakes ee qadaadiic this, of-fasalka sare lacag iyo naxaas ah sameeyey. Qiimahooda lagu qiyaasay 50 kun oo rubles, waayo sheyga in xaalad aad u fiican (XF).

Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Peter ducat reer boqor oo dahab ah waxaa qabtay ka 1701 si ay u 1716. Ka dib markii in, uu bedelay lacagta birta ah laba rubles iyo burburka hoose. Waxa ay muujisay Andrey Pervozvanny - dalalka Ruush weli Sokeeye.

Dib u bilaabidda coinage ee ducats dhacay 1729 under Peter Labaad. Marka Elizabeth kor uguma carshiga, on lacagta birta ah waxay ahaayeen in ay ku riday xog ku saabsan bisha, iyo mararka qaarkood taariikhda abuurka. Isla mar ahaantaana waxaa jiray qeybinta cad laba nooc - oo leh image ee St. Andrew ama ASTAANTA Gobolka. Secret ceyrsaneysa ducats Dutch bilaabay at Buoni ee 1768. Waxaa loogu talo galay ay u daboosho baahida boqorka ee lacagta qadaadiicda oo dahab ganacsiga suuqyada shisheeye.

lacagta qadaadiicda oo dahab Ruush la Nicholas II

1907 calaamadsan bilowgii sii daayo galay wareegga raso cusub ee madaahibta toban rubles. Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab u ah hagaajinta hababka samaynta warqad. Si dhakhso ah u soo saaray amar ah in ay soo saaraan kaararka deynta toban rubles in 1909 sano muunad. Waxay ahaayeen in la isticmaalo ilaa October ugu horeysay 1922. Exchange for lacag cusub la dhigay at heerka of 10 kun rubles. 1 Ruble jir ah, laakiin iyagu ma ay xidid. Sidaas darteed, waxaan bilaabay in ay soo saaraan a qadaadiicda shan Ruble 986-baarka sare, taasi oo markii dambe ayaa waxaa hoos u dhigay 917 daqiiqo.

option kale

In dhexe ee qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad wuxuu bilaabay inuu reexaanta bixinta lacag ah platina (sidoo kale loo yaqaan oo gogo 'oo dahab ah oo cad). Waxay ahayd ee lacagta birta ah Ruush ugu qaalisan ee muddada. Aan buuxin at jaleecada hore, xalka waa mid fudud: in 1827 khasnadda Ruush ahaa kaydka cajiib ah platina, kaas oo la bixiyay ka placers Ural. Waxa ay ahayd wax badan in la iibiyo si toos ah biraha qaali ah si fudud u burburo suuqa, taas oo ah sababta waxaa la go'aamiyay in la sii daayo ducats cad ee wareegga. Fikradda ah bireed qadaadiicda platina iska Tiri Kankrin. Qadaadiic ka cayriin 97% ka mid ah biraha la soo saaray ka 1828 in 1845 sano. Marka waxay noqotay heli karaa madaahibta saddex, lix-iyo-tobankii rubles - arrin naadir ah in Russia. Muuqashadii waxaa sabab u ah xaqiiqada ah in for size embossing wax ku ool ah ayaa waxaa soo xushay sida horay hore soo saaray 25 senti, iyo konton doolar iyo qadarin. Iyadoo la raacayo, mugga this bir, oo waxaa lagu qiimeeyaa 3, 6, 12 rubles.

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee lacagta ah ee lacagta macnaheedu waxa weeye ku dhowaad oo gebi ahaanba ka kooban platina. qadaadiic Previous ayaa ka kooban birta qaaliga ah, laakiin kaliya sidii ay u copper, ama dahabkiis, waxaaga aan sayidkayga at been ah.

Soviet Russia

In ka sano ee ugu horeeya ka dib marka la sameeyo awoodda Soviet waxaa jiray burburka nidaamka lacagta iyo weynna u kobcay sicir bararka. kalsoonida dadweynaha ma isticmaalin wax "qoraalada Kerensky" ama "qoraalada Soviet," ama lacag Duma ama kaararka deynta boqornimada. heshaan hore waxaa soo saaray 1922. Suuqa ayaa waxaa la fuliyay in ratio of 1:10 000. Sidaas darteed, waxaa u suurtagashay in ay abaabulaan nidaamka lacagta, laakiin si ay u joojiyaan bararka - no. Ka qaybgalayaasha ka mid ah kow Congress of RCP ah (b) ay go'aansadeen in ay sii daayo a lacagta Soviet deggan. Dabcan, waxaan ka wada hadalnay oo ku saabsan horyaalka cusub ee lacagta. Waxay bixisaa baxsado duug ah oo soo bandhigto fursadaha cusub - "kacaan". Tusaale ahaan, Dadka Commissariat shaqaalaha heshay dalab ah u yeedho lacagta ah "federalist." Baaro iyo dhaqanka magacyada - Ruble ah, ducat, hryvnia ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in hryvnya loo yaqaan habka lacag bixinta, ayaa laga siidaayey dalka reer Ukraine, iyo Ruble ah ee la xidhiidha Ruble a lacag ah, waxaa la go'aamiyay inuu magacaabo lacagta cusub ee hore - lacagta qadaadiicda oo dahab ah. Tirada dadka u qabtay kalsooni. Sababta ahaa in lacagta qadaadiicda oo dahab la gartay sida ammaanka non-lacag caddaan ah, oo aan iyada oo loo adeegsanayo daaweynta. Qaar badan ayaa rajo ka qabay in uu la badelay lahaa lacag warqad dahabkaa, laakiin fal dowladda on dhaafsiga free ah iyo hadda aan u safan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay lacagta qadaadiicda oo dahab warqad si firfircoon bedelay on qadaadiicda Ruush qaali ah, iyo qeybsanaan. Mararka qaarkood, marka hore xitaa xoogaa lacag dheeraad ah, sababtoo ah raaxadeeda waxa ay kaydinta iyo hantidooda. Thanks to sarrifka tenner Dowladda deggan heshay saldhig xoog leh la geeyo ee Siyaasadda Dhaqaalaha ee New (Nép).

xoojinta booska uu ka

In 1923, saamiga ducats in mass wadarta lacagta uga soo kacday min saddex ilaa siddeetan boqolkiiba. Laba nidaamka lacagta ku shaqeeya dalka. Sayidka, Bank State ay ku dhawaaqday tenner heerka maalin cusub. Tani waxay la siiyo dhul rays waayo, wararka la isla dhexmarayo oo sababa muuqaalka kore ee dhibaato ah ee horumarinta howlaha dhaqaalaha iyo ganacsiga. Iyada oo chervonets marinka waqti bilaabay in ay isticmaalaan inta badan magaalada. Meelaha baadiyaha ah, waxaa soo iibsan karaa oo kaliya beeralayda hodanka ah, halka dadka caadiga ah waxa uu ahaa qaali. Isla mar ahaantaana waxaa jiray opinion in iibka badeecadaha ee qoraalada Soviet - waa khasaaro ah, sidaas oo kale ayaa qiimaha badeecada beeraha oo kordhay, oo ay sal-dhigida Magaalada gala oo hoos u dhacay. Sababtan awgeed, waxaa jiray a rubles heshaan labaad (1: 100).

Safarka dalalkan fog

Oo dhami waxay sii fahmayaan ahaa wax lays ee gogo 'oo dahab ah suuqyada shisheeye. Sidaas daraaddeed, ugu horeysay ee April 1924 sarrifka ay bilaabeen inay la soo xigtay on New York Stock Exchange. bishii kowaad, wuxuu ku hadhay heer aad iyo aad u sinnaanta dollar ay. In Berlin, London iyo dhigtay heshiis la lacagta Soviet aan rasmi ahayn ee 1924-1925 GG. Dhamaadkii 1925 waxaan go'aansaday in su'aasha ah ee ay liiska on Stock Exchange Vienna. Iyadoo ducat horeba si rasmi ah u sheegay in Shanghai, Tehran, Rome, Constantinople, Milan iyo Riga. Waxaa lagu baddelan karo ama iibsaday dalal badan oo dunida.

soo laabtay guul

Bishii Oktoobar, waxaa la go'aamiyay in ducat dahabka ah la soo saari doonaa mar kale on par leh warqada. In size iyo sifooyinka, waxaa si buuxda u waafaqsan pre-kacaan toban-tusa. Vasyutinskii - reexaanta weyn ee biladda - ahaa qoraaga of design cusub. Sidaas daraaddeed, on obverse ku muujinayaa jubbadda hubka ee RSFSR ah, iyo guuldaradoodii - a-Beerrey beeralay. Arintaan waxaa loo sameeyey by farshaxan Shadr, haatan waxaa ku jirta in Tretyakov Gallery ah. ducat kasta oo dahab ah ( "beera," sida ay dadku waxaa loo yaqaan) ee muddo ku taariikhaysan 1923.

Cash birta qaaliga ah ee inta badan loo baahan yahay in dowladda Soviet hawlgallada ganacsiga shisheeye. Intaa waxaa dheer, ducat dahab ah (oo sawirro waxaa lagu soo bandhigay maqaal ah) ah waxaa mararka qaarkood loo isticmaalaa sida loola bixinta ee dalka. lacagta birta ah ayaa la qabtay caasimadda iyo ka dibna ku faafay gobolka oo dhan.

Marka bilowday kaliya in ay soo saaraan qadaadiicda qaali Ruush oo dahab ah, waxaa jiray dhacdada noocaas ah: wakiillo Western hubeeyaan diiday inuu aqbalo lacagtaas, tan waxay lahaayeen calaamad ah ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. Xalka markiiba helay. The salaysan ee Nicholas qadaadiicda cusub qaaday gabal oo dahab ah, oo shisheeyaha shuruud la'aan qaaday. Sidaas darteed, xukuumadda Soviet bilaabeen inay iibsadaan badeecooyin kuwaas oo dibadda uga qoraalada bangiga la image taliyaha xilka.

muddo ka dib Nép ah

Siyaasadda Dhaqaalaha New burburto iyo bilowgii warshadaynta ay wiiqeen ducat dahab ah. Its qiimaha ahaa 5.4 rubles halkii dollar gudahood. Ka dibna, isagu mar dambe lama dibadda ku qoran. Si loo mideeyo nidaamka dhaqaale, Ruble ku xidhan yahay warqada toban rubles. Waa imisa ducat dahab ah ee 1925 ka? Oo iyana waxay isagii u dhiibay toban rubles. Ka dibna, ee soo dejinta iyo dhoofinta ee lacagta birta ah biraha qaali ah ka baxsan Midowga ahaa gebi ahaanba la mamnuucay.

In 1937, waxaa jiray taxane ah oo qiimo magacaaban of 1, 3, 5 iyo 10 ducats. hal-abuurnimo ee wakhtigaas - sawirka of Lenin dhinac ee qadaadiic ah.

In 1925 wuxuu ahaa ku dhuftay muunada aad dhif u ah oo ah naxaas. By dhammaan tallaabooyinka, waxaa si buuxda u waafaqsan qadaadiic dahab ah. Sannadkii 2008, at xaraashka Moscow waxaa lagu iibsaday shan milyan oo rubles Ruush (qiyaastii 165 kun oo doolar).

SOFHURA

On intooda badan oo ka mid ah Soviet dhulal ducat-degan Jarmal ma aysan joogsan socda. Toban rubles ogol yahay mid Reichsmark. liddiga ah waa in ay iskaashi ee (booliska, badhasaab iyo dadka kale ee gacan saar la leeyihiin ciidamada faashistihii) ee 1941-1943. Waxay ahaayeen mushaarka badan ee Soviet "Stalin" Ruble 1937 daayo sanamyadooda la mid ah kuwii la diriray naasiga iyo duuliyayaasha ciidamada Army Red (kuwanu waxay ahaayeen wax-u qoraalada khasnadda).

on qiimaha dhulka Soviet ahaayeen ka hooseeya ee Germany. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in naasiga ah ayaa kiimikaysan badbadiyay heerka of Reichsmark, oo sidaas daraaddeed, inta lagu guda jiro xoraynta tuulo ka duulay qiimaha alaabta ee suuqa maxalliga ah si weyn hoos u dhacay, mararka qaar xitaa saddex jeer. Dhab ahaantii Tani, dabcan, si togan gartay by dadka deegaanka.

Midowga Soofiyeeti bixisay iyadoo lacagta qadaadiicda oo dahab ilaa 1947. Waxay la bedelay qoraalada cusub caawimada ee rubles. Toban ducats siiyey mid Ruble.

Olympics 1980

State Bank of Midowga Soofiyeeti ka 1975 si ay u 1982, ee lacagta birta ah marka hore soo saaray sida ducats muunad 1923 huwanaa ee gacmaha RSFSR iyo taariikhaha cusub. Total wareegga ahaa 7.350.000 koobi. qadaadiicda Intaasu waa intii laga qabtay oo ku beegnaa Olympic Games ee Moscow, laakiinse iyagu ma ay leeyihiin xaaladda curdan tahay sharci oo dalka ka mid ah Midowga Soofiyeeti. Waxay adeegsaday qabashada xawaalad ganacsiga shisheeye iyo iibiyey martida shisheeye.

Bartamihii 1990-Bangiga Dhexe waxay bilaabeen inay iska iibiso "gogo 'oo dahab ah Olympic" sida lacagta birta ah maal, iyo in 2001 hay'adda gobolka ay go'aansatay in ay iyaga dhaylo ah sharci oo ay la socdaan trehrublevkoy lacag ah "Sobol" dhigi.

The fiisa ugu caansan

chervontsi Soviet filan ahaayeen lacag adag iyo awoodda wax iibsiga sare oo kala duwan. Waxa badanaa la been abuurtay si ay khalkhal dhaqaalaha ee USSR iyo macaamil-darrada ah ee suuqyada shisheeye.

Inta badan dhammaan saaraysa shaqaale Sharaf Shell Company Oil, oo caro by xaqiiqada ah in Midowga fulisaa saliidda qiimo ka hooseeya celceliska suuqa.

Inta badan faalsada ah biilka ee madaahibta isku waslad dahab ah, sababtoo ah waxaa la barbaro hal dhinac oo kaliya. A shixnad aad u badan oo ah qoraalada bangiga been la qabtay ayaa laga yaabaa in 1928 in Murmansk. Ururka dhulka hoostiisa, qaybi daabacaada lacag been-abuurka ah, daabacan ee Germany, waxaa la shaacin shaqaalaha boostada Sepalovym. Nidaamka dambi kaalin muhiim ah ka ciyaaray by qaar ka mid ah ilaalada hore ee White, oo ay ku jiraan Sadaterashvili iyo Karumidze. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, jirrabaadda kuwa dambiilayaasha lagu qabtay Switzerland iyo Germany, halkaas oo ay ka heleen ku xukuntay hooseeya ee suuragalka ah. Ka dibna, ay waayo-aragnimo ka naasiga, kuwaas oo intii lagu jiray dagaalkii labaad ee dunida been abuurtay raso Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo dalal kale oo ka faa'iideystey.

Numismatist in la ogaado

Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Nicholas II qabtay a imperials buuxa iyo poluimperialy, kaas oo muddo ka dib la soo bedelay miisaanka yar lacag. Intaa waxaa dheer, oo aan caadi ahayn ayaa la soo saaray racfaan si lacagta birta ah dad Ruush ee 7.5 iyo 15 rubles. Gift stofrankovye dvadtsatipyatirublevki iyo lacagta qadaadiicda oo dahab ah waxaa iska leh failed numismatic. Wax badan ayaa caadi ahaa ducat caadi ah. Waxaa sii daayay 1898-1911 GG. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xataa halkaan waxaa taa ka reeban: in 1906 qabtay ducat dahabka boqornimada, qiimaha kuwaas oo hadda waa ilaa kastaaba waxay ahayd toban kun oo doolar. Kaliya 10 ka mid ah nuqulada ka mid ah ayaa soo saaray, taas oo ah sababta ururiya diyaar u yihiin in ay u dagaalamaan xaq u leedahay in sida qadaadiic dhif ah.

Dadka doonaya in ay ilaaliso kaydka ay, inta badan ka hortagaan doorashada adag, haddii si ay u gudbiyaan lacagta galay dollars, ama euros, ama ka tago ee rubles ... Marka la eego xasillooni darrada ah ee suuqyada maaliyadeed ee caalamiga ah, qaar badan ayaa ka fiirsaneysa inay alaabtii maalgashi kale. Tusaale ahaan, qiimaha ducats dahab goor wanaagsan in kastoo aan si degdeg ah, laakiin si tartiib ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida si loo ogaado xaqiiq tahay ee lacagta birta ah? On dahab tchervonetses boqornimada Nicholas II daruuri waxaa ugu sugan calaamooyin mintsmeysterskie. In afka Jarmal münzmeister magacaabay qof shakhsi ah mas'uul uga yahay habka abuurista qadaadiic ah, ka dibna - xakameeyo, reexaanta. Calaamadaha kor ku xusan hoos bilaabo waqtiga la bixiyay, lugta ama dabada gorgorka oo kale, hoos astaanta ee gobolka ama qarkiisa. Waxay ka koobnayd laba xaraf münzmeister. Tusaale ahaan, boqornimada ducat 1899 arrinta calaamadeeyay by ceebeynta of "FZ", sababtoo ah waqtiga waajibaadka sharafeed loo qoondeeyey Felix Zalemna.

maalgelinta muddada dheer ee lacagta birta ah in dhowr sano ka soo bixin kara labaatan ama soddon boqolkiiba dakhliga sanadlaha ah in aad ku heshiin doonaa, ma xun.