Falgalka kiimikada: alchemists sababta khalad

Qaar ka mid ah aqoonyahaniinta qadiimiga ah la rumaysan yahay in dunida uu ka kooban yahay hal walax qaab ka duwan. Fikradda guud ee arrinta ka jira maanta, weli hore ahaayeen khalad. From dhagar this ay ka yimaadeen, markii ay isku dayeen in ay sameeyaan hogaanka Warega galay oo dahab ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, geeddi socodka jirka ah ee alchemists u soo baxeen inay kiimikada, abuurista sayniska cusub. Haddaba walba oo dhigta dugsiga ogyahay calaamadaha achiever si fiican u ah farqiyada u dhexeeya labadan geedi socodka. Waa maxay falgal kiimikaad?

Tusaale ahaan waxaa laga arki karaa xitaa in xaaladaha maalin kasta. Carruur badan daawadaan sida hooyadiis niyad jebisaa soda oo khal, oo sidaas waa aragti ugu horeysay oo ka mid ah falgalka kiimikada. Laakiin xaaladaha qaarkood, waxaad sawiri kartaa dareenka ilmaha iyo daliilka kale. Tusaale ahaan, miridhku bir iyo madoobaato oo lacag ah. Sidoo kale reaction kiimikada.

Waxaan si kala duwan ee geedi socodka hore ee qodobkan ku xusan ku soo laabto. Sidaas, marka geedi socodka jirka aysan waxba ka beddelin maalkiisu Britain ee. Jirku wuxuu la samayn karaa in la beddelo qaabka, la jajabin karo in qayb ka mid ah shay, waxaad bedeli kartaa ay state of xulkii. Laakiin ka kooban of qayb ka bedelin. la jajabin karo qaado aluminium dhinaca ama isticmaal kulaylka aadka u badan iyo cadaadis si ay uga uumi - laakiin jidhku waxay noqon doontaa aluminium.

Marka reaction kiimikada habeyn la xidhiidha, in kasta oo walax la mid ah ayaa weli laga yaabaa. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad ka heli dheemman ka graphite, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la tixgeliyo oo aan nidaamka jirka, iyo kiimikada iyo sidoo kale xidhiidhka la habeyn ku. Inkastoo, sida caadiga ah, oo sideeda oo arrinta la beddelo, tusaale ahaan ka mid ah diamond ah - marka laga reebo.

Guud ahaan, falcelinta kiimikada ee la xidhiidha in la sii daayo ama nuugista ee tamarta. Arintaan muuqato sida kulaylka. Waxaa reaction thermoneutral, taas oo ah kaamerada saamayn eber. Laakiin iyagu way yar yihiin, ugu mid u baahan "galiyey" ee tamarta, ama isu yihiin, oo waxaa weheliya isbeddel ah ee heerkulka. geedi sari waxaa sii raacay by kale iyo Nuur sii daayo.

Laakiin mar walba ma bedeli dhismeedka qoto dheer oo arrinta la odhan karaa a nidaamka kiimikada. Sidoo kale waxaa jira dareen diidmo nuclear. Waxay arrinta saamayn on heerka qaaradda. Iyadoo tan dambe ayaa loo beddelaa atamka of noocyada kale - of a element kiimikada. Tani waa hab aad u adag by taas oo aad u weyn tamarta sii daayay. Waxaa ugu Filan in yeeran ka qaraxyo nuclear, si ay u fahmaan waxa uu ahaa ku saabsan.

Si uu u xaliyo habka, dadka waxay bilaabeen in ay isticmaalaan qalab gaar ah: isla'egta cadaanyo kiimikada. qalabka Left qoraal ah oo magaca reagents ah, in xaq - products. Ma aha oo dhan jecel yahay dugsiga si ay meel u horgalaha ee isla'egyada. Waa in la sheegay in arrimahaasi waxay si fudud u tarjumaya habka dhabta ah, uma abuurin "oo ka mid madaxayga" qof. Ka dib oo dhan, atamka ma ka soo baxay meel. ardayda Maanta waa nasiib, ma ay baran karaan qaaciidooyinka walxaha, laakiin jir ah u lahaa in ay ku tiirsan yihiin oo kaliya on xaddiga badeeco iyo reagent in aan had iyo jeer waa wax iska cad.

Sida loo kala saaro geeddi socodka jirka iyo kiimikada? Inta badan by sii daayo kulaylka, ama roobab gaaska, midab. Laakiin habkan mar walba ma shaqeeyaan, sababtoo ah ka dhalada furan of soda baxay gaaska hore kala diri, xabagta mercury by sii darane beddeli karaan midabka, iyo xabagta zinc beddelayo midabka marka kulul. saamayn kaamerada mid aad u liidata lagu sheegi karaa, sidaas darteed ma fududa si uu u xaliyo, si falgalka kiimikada sida lagu ogaan karaa by ... reactions kale.

In sayniska ee qalabka uu leeyahay qaybta xiiso leh - Mechanochemistry. Sidaas darteed of tallaabo farsamoyaqaanka ku daqiijin jireen gaar ah in walax isagoo xagjirka lacag la'aan, oo waxay keensataa guryaha cusub. Tusaale ahaan, aspirin si fiican loo soo saaray in daawooyinka. Mashiin shaqeysiin walxaha kiimikada firfircoon, taas oo muhiim u ah daawada.