Francis Bret Harte: Biography, buugaagta, sawirrada

Tan iyo dhimashadii qoraa caan ah Bret Harte ahaa in ka badan hal qarni. Laakiin shuqulkooda oo uu ku qoran ee 60-70-mada ay qarnigii XIX ilaa hadda waxaa ka mid ah qiimaha bulshada dunida oo dhan.

xaqiiqooyinka loo yaqaan ka Biography ah qoraaga American

August 25, 1836 ee State of New York ee Albany ku dhashay Francis Bret Harte - qoraaga caanka ah ee tiraab macquul ah iyo gabayada. Waxaa loo magacaabay ka dib markii uu awoowe. Francis ayaa aabbihiis soo shaqeeyay macalin luqadda Giriigga ee machadka. Laga soo bilaabo da'da hore Bret Harte jecel yahay inuu wax akhriyo buugaagta. Wuxuu ahaa jeclaan of shuqullada qorayaasha sida Shakespeare, Dumas, Dickens, taas oo shaki la'aan saamayn shuqulkiisa.

In 1845, markii uu ahaa sano oo kaliya 9 jir ah, oo wuxuu aabbihiis ku dhintay. Qoyska uu ka yimid dhibaatooyin dhaqaale ayaa keentay in Isbedellada joogtada ah ee deegaanka. Ayaadse bartay dugsiga ilaa da'da 13, ka dibna helay karaaniga a si ay u helaan nolol iyo taageero qoyskiisa.

Oo hooyadiis, mar labaad ayaa waxa ay guursatay, in 1854, Bret Harte u tageen inay iyadii la nool yihiin California ee San Francisco, halkaas oo ay ku kaca ee dahabka ah. In magaaladan, qoraaga wuxuu lahaa si ay u helaan macallin iyo farmasiiga, boostada iyo newspaperman. Waxa uu sidoo kale ahaa macalin ee guryaha gaarka loo leeyahay, wariye oo prospector ah.

Bilow mustaqbalkiisa suugaanta

Jobs ee San Francisco ee magazine The California ogol yahay Bret ay ku daabacaan sheekooyin ay markii ugu horeysay ee 1856-m. Laba sano ka dib wuxuu aaday inuu Uniontown iyaga oo raadinaya nolol ka wanaagsan, waxaa loo qabanqaabiyaa in daabacaadda "Notern California" reporter. Laakiin magaaladan qoraaga American ma dheer ma joogo. Oo wuxuu lahaa inuu si San Francisco soo laabto sida ugu horreysa ee 1860, sababtoo ah daabacaadda fadeexad in dilka in ka badan 50 Hindi dhow Mud webiga.

On yimid ee California bilaabay shaqeeya sida qoraa wargeysyada "Era Golden" Udoodeega ah, iyo mararka qaarkood loo ogolaaday in ay qoraan qoraal ayuu. Sidaas darteed, hoos qoraa articles waxay bilaabeen inay soo baxaan saxiixa - Bret Harte.

Waayo, intii saddex sannadood ah, qoraa ku hawlan daabaco ugu weyn ee hore 70-mada ay majaladda Western American kalen bil kasta The ( "kalen billaha ah"), ka dibna kasbadeen fame. In 1871 Gart Bret ayaa ka tagaya California wanaag. Wuu on safar of Eastern America iyo Canada. Inta ay safarka, isagu wuxuu bixiyaa muxaadarooyin, kaas oo ku salaysan yihiin dhibaatada gobolka California.

In dhamaadka, at da'da laba iyo afartan sannadood, Bret Hart tagay Maraykanka iyo Europe u dhaqaaqay. Qoraagu wuxuu qudhiisu isku dayay in doorka qunsulka American ee Germany iyo UK - magaalooyinka reer Krefeld iyo Glasgow. May 5, 1902, at da'da 66 Gart Bret ku dhintay London.

The ugu horeysay ee la garanayo

World qoraaga American caanka Francis Bret Harte waxay soo geliyeen "Stories California". naftiisa oo dhan, ayuu jirayaa, qoraallada macquul ah. Ayaadse isku hallaysay xaqiiqooyinka sax ah in soo jiitay in uu shaqada dareenka dadweynaha ballaaran.

Nolosha San Francisco, Bret Harte, kuwaas oo buugaag of our time in ay leeyihiin qiimaha cajiib ah, ayuu qoray shuqulladiisa ugu fiican. In 1870 wuxuu daabacay ururinta ah oo cinwaankeedu ahaa "Happiness ciyaya Camp". Buugani wuxuu ka kooban yahay sheekooyinka sida: "Mliss", "Xarigga turub Flat," "jaahilka Wang Li". characters isticmaalay in sheekooyinka aan kuwo aan dhab ahayn oo la qurxiyey. Writer tarjumin xaqiiqada nolosha dhabta ah ee Maraykanka inta lagu guda jiro dahabka ee California.

Shaqeeyaa guul no

Tan iyo waqti in, sida Bret Hart tagay California, wuxuu bilaabay inuu la kulmi ba'an block wax qora. Laakiin, isagoo waddan shisheeye, qoraaga ma ay helaan qalabka loo baahan yahay maxaa yeelay, shuqulladoodu. Mid ka mid ah tixaha ugu fiican ee ayaadse goor dambe waa "Gabriel Conroy", ku qoran 1876. ururinta waxaa ka mid ah sheekooyinka sida "Clarence", "Foundling Steppe" iyo "Suzy". Muddadan, Hart sii daayay play ah "Laba ka mid ah Bar Sandy ee". Wada jir ah ula Mark Twain, uu ku qoray maqaalka "A Sin". hawlahaas aan ku guuleysanin.

ammaantaada ugu danbeeyay for qoraaga American galay dhaleeceyn kulul u soo jeestay. Saaxiibkiis Mark Tven ayaa yiri: "farxad iyo farxad Bret Harte ku dhintay San Francisco!" Tan iyo 1878, author of "sheekooyinka California oo ku saabsan Gold Miner" xanuunsaday dhibaatada maskaxeed iyo mid dhaqaale. Waxa uu sii waday in ay ka shaqeeyaan Europe, ma bixinta si caafimaad sii xumaanaya dareenka, laakiin waxa uu awoodi waayay in ay gaaraan guul hore.

shuqullada caan

Qaar badan oo sheeko Garth noqon paradigmatic. Isagu waa qoraaga of buugaagta: "Saddexda tramps ka Trinidad", "Ogow in Xiddigaha iftiinka", "sheekooyinka waadi dhagax Esmeralda.".

Laakiin warkiisii hore iyo ammaanta qoraaga ayaa keenay sheekada "Happiness ciyaya Camp", taas oo uu noqday caan ah ma ahan oo keliya in America, laakiin sidoo kale meel ka durugsan xuduudaheeda. In uu shaqo, Bret Harte ku tilmaamay warkii caadifad ka dhacay mid ka mid ah bulshooyinka ka mid ah macdan qodayaasha dahab California ee. Waxaa sheegayaa sida xitaa burburkii ka mid ah dadka deggan tuulada oo khamriyacab ah daryeelo ilmaha, kuwaas oo waxaa hadhay agoon ah.

Muddo dheer sababtoo ah sheekadan, bulshada American ayaa magacaabay qoraa dal shisheeye Bret Harte, "xun American". Laakiin shaqadii uu xawaaraha cajiib noqday caanka ah ee Europe, ay turjumey luqado badan.