Friedrich Schiller: Biography, hal-abuurka, fikradaha

Works of Friedrich Schiller lahaa xilligii loogu yeero ee "Sturm und Drang" - jihada suugaanta ee Germany, taas oo lagu tilmaamay mid diidmada classicism iyo kala guurka ah si ay nasjonalromantiske. Waxaana ay ku aaddan ku saabsan labaatan sano: sannadood 1760-1780. Waxaa la calaamadeeyay by daabaco shuqullada qorayaasha caanka ah sida Iogann Gete, Christian Schubart iyo kuwa kale.

Biography Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee qoraaga

Duchy of Wurttemberg, taas oo dhashay Friedrich Schiller, waxaa ku yaal soohdinta reer Roman Empire Quduuska ah. Gabayaaga waxa uu ku dhashay 1759 in qoyska ka mid ah muhaajiriinta ka fasalada hoose. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa caawiye regimental caafimaad, iyo hooyadiis - gabadhii u dubi jiray a. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo helay waxbarasho wanaagsan, wuxuu soo bartay ka qaatay Akadeemiyadda Milatariga, halkaas oo uu sharciga iyo shareecada, ka dibna bartay, ka dib markii suuqa kala iibsiga ee dugsiyada Stuttgart, daawo kor u qaadeen.

Ka dib markii ku kallifto uu play ugu horeysay loo amaano "tuugagga ku," qoraa dhallinyarada la musaafuriyay ka duchy hooyo, iyo bulk of naftiisa ku Weimar. Friedrich Schiller ahaa saaxiib la ah Goethe iyo xataa tartanka isaga la qoraal ballads. Writer jeclaan of falsafada, taariikhda iyo gabayada. Wuxuu ahaa professor ah oo taariikhda adduunka ee Jaamacadda Jena, sarkhaansan IMMANUEL KANT qoray shuqullada falsafada, ku hawlan daabacaadda, soo saara wargeysyada "A", "Almanakka of Muses ah." Abwaan dhintay Weimar ee 1805.

play The "tuugagga ku" iyo guusha ugu horeysay ee

In muddo ah hoos u eegis dhalinyarada dhexdooda ahaayeen kuwo aad caan niyadda ka taataabtay, kaas oo sidoo kale kaxaystay oo Friedrich Schiller. Fikradda wayn kooban sifaha uu shaqada waa kuwan soo socda: pathos ee xoriyadda, dhaleeceyn ka mid ah bulshada sare, aristocracy, abtirsan iyo fahamka kuwa, waayo, wax kasta sabab, in loo diiday by bulshada this.

qorayaasha caanka ah helay ka dib markii uu ku kallifto riwaayadaha "tuugagga ku" in 1781. play Arrintani waxay ka duwan xoogaa arinku ereyada xayi ah jaceyl, laakiin iyadu jacayl isku dhaceen siladda dhagarta fiiqan firfircoon iyo kulaylka of hamiday. The salaysan oo sideeda oo ahayd mawduuc uu iskahorimaadku laba walaalo ah, Karl iyo Franz Moor dhexeeya. Khiyaanadu Franz doonaya inay dhacaan uu estate walaalkiis, dhaxalka, iyo gacaliye - Kuzinu Amaliyu.

Dulmi noocan oo kale ah waxay keenaysaa Charles inay tuugagga ku tag, laakiin waqti isku mid ah uu si ay u ilaaliyaan in uu si sharaf iyo sharaf maamuus. wax soo saarka waxa uu ahaa guul weyn, si kastaba ha ahaatee, soo bixiyey qoraaga dhibaataysnahay, sababtoo ah maqnaanshaha aan la fasaxin, uu ciqaabo, oo markii danbe laga saaray uu duchy hooyo.

1780s Drama

"Guul tuugo keentay in la xidhey dhallinyarada si ay u abuuraan dhawr ah oo shuqullada si fiican u yaqaan in ay noqdaan dad Classics suugaanta adduunka. In 1783 wuxuu warqadihii ku qoray play ah "mu'aamaraad iyo la Love", "Shirqool ah Fiesco ee Genoa" ee 1785 - "ODE in Joy". In taxanahan, waa in la si gaar ah essay "mu'aamaraad iyo la Love", oo la yidhaahdo "musiibo ganacsade" ugu horeysay, sida ay yeeleen markii ugu horeysay ee wax qoraa sawirada farshaxanka ma yihiin dhibaatooyin kuwii gobta ahaa oo sharaf leh, iyo dhibaatada ay gabadha fudud ka soo jeedo kuwa is-hoosaysiiya. "ODE in Joy" waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah shuqullada wanaagsan ee qoraaga, kuwaas oo isku muujiyey ma aha oo kaliya ayaadse weyn, laakiin sidoo kale Abwaan cajiib ah.

Riwaayado ee 1790s ah

Friedrich Schiller jeclaan of taariikhda, kuwaas oo maadooyinka ku qoray qaar ka mid ah ruwaayado uu. In 1796 wuxuu abuuray play ah "Wallenstein", ka go'an in taliyaha War Soddon Sanno ah (1618-1648 sano). In 1800 wuxuu warqadihii ku qoray riwaayadaha ah "Maria Stuart", si weyn oo ka xaqiiqooyinka taariikheed tegey, samaynta shayga of matalaad farshaxanka ee khilaafka u dhexeeya labada dumar ah. Dhab ahaantii Tani, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma detract ka mudnaanta riwaayadaha ee suugaanta.

In 1804 Friedrich Schiller qoray play ah "William sheeg", ka go'an in ay halganka ka mid ah dadka Swiss ka dhanka ah xeerka Austria. Shaqadan waxaa permeated leh pathos ee xorriyadda iyo madaxbannaanida in uu ahaa sidaas caan ku wakiillada hal-abuurka ka mid ah "Sturm und Drang". In 1805 qoraaga bilaabay shaqo on riwaayadaha ah "Deemeetriyos", u huray in dhacdooyinka taariikhda Ruush, balse ciyaarta ayaa weli taalo.

Qiimaha abuurka Schiller tahay

Ciyaaraa qoraaga saamayn weyn ku dhaqan dunida. Maxaa ku qoray Friedrich Schiller, waxa uu ahaa mawduuca oo xiiso Abwaan Ruush V. Zhukovsky, Lermontov, kuwaas oo loo tarjumay ballads uu. Riwaayadaha riwaayadaha adeegay sidii aasaas u ah abuurista operas weyn ee horseedka u composers Talyaani ee qarnigii XIX ah. Beethoven qayb kama dambaysta ah ee uu caanka Ninth Symphony saaray "ODE in Joy" by Schiller. In 1829, markii aqalkeeda abuuray opera "William sheeg", oo ku salaysan uu riwaayadaha, shaqadan waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah shuqulladii ugu fiican ee laxamiistaha ugu.

In 1835 G. G. Donitsetti qoray opera ah "Mariya Styuart", ayaa galay taxane ah oo uu isugu darey muusikada, heegan u ah taariikhda XVI qarnigii England. In 1849 G. D. Verdi abuuray opera "Luisa Miller" ku salaysan riwaayadaha ah "Love iyo mu'aamaraad". Opera ma helin caan badan, laakiin waxa uu isku aadkan mudnaan muusikada. Sayidka, saameynta ay Schiller on dhaqanka dunida waa weyn, oo waxay sharaxeysaa danta uu shaqada iyo in maalmood our.