Gaabiyo: xirnaanta circuit, dib u eegista. Gaabiyo - waa maxay?

Dadka isticmaali goobta ujeedooyin kala duwan, iyo hawlaha waxay u baahan xaaladaha nalalka kala duwan. Waxaa haboon si ay ula qabsadaan ku gaabiyo - qalab elektaroonik ah oo kuu ogolaanaya in aad beddesho heerka iftiinkii ayuu ka "ku dhowaad madow" ilaa complete aragti by si fudud u jeestay buro ama qiime gacanta.

Maxaad dimmers?

nalalka gudaha guriga waa mid aad u muhiim ah. Heerka qol kasta dhigaya waxa adiga iyo waxa aanay samayn karin, iyo waxa ay leedahay saamayn weyn ku dareenkaaga. Tusaale ahaan, ma waxaad ka akhrisan kartaa hal shumac, laakiin casho ka taataabtay laba ma u ekaan kartaa si wacan laambad halogeen 1.5-kilowatt ah.

dimmers Modern, dimming tus Legrand, u ogolaan in si habsami leh ay ula qabsadaan laambadihii Nuur oo la laambadood oo noocyo kala duwan.

dimmers Resistor

Marka hore, si ay ula qabsadaan heerka iftiin waxaa loo isticmaalaa ilaa xad xal fudud - resistor a variable ku xiran sida gaabiyo a. Waxaa siiyey? resistor wirewound caadiga ah waa silig khafiif ah, taas oo gaar ah (qiimo ku magacaaban waafaqsan) iska caabin ah ay u dhaqdhaqaaqa korontada eedeeyay. design ee resistor ka variable, marka lagu daro waxyaabaha la resistive iyo laba xiriirada go'an, raaciyay kale oo xiriir la guuritaanka inuu soo gabagabeeyo. By Bannaanka korontada element ah isku xira mobile iyo mid ka mid ah xiriirada go'an.

In dhismaha this, iska caabin guud ee resistor la kala duwanaayeen qabsado fogaanshaha in amarka uu leeyahay inay dhex maraan wax resistive ee, laakiin si fudud hadlayay - dhererka silig ka go'an in ay xiriir la dhaqaajin karo. Haddii xidhiidhka la dhaqaajin karo waa u dhow go'an (ku xiran Bannaanka), resistor ah waa ay yar tahay. Haddii la wareejiyay in ay xiriir labaad go'an, amarka uu leeyahay inay dhex maraan wax resistive.

Marka lacag la waday ayaa ciidamada korontada iyada oo resistor ah, ay tamar lumo sida kulaylka. Haddii aad meel resistor a wareegi taxanaha ah, khasaaraha tamarta waxa ku jira ka dhigi u dhiganta dhibic danab ee guud ahaan resistor ah, yareynta tamarta diyaar u load kale (nal, tusaale ahaan). Yaraynta danab ku nalka yaraynaysaa wax soo saarka iftiinka ay.

Dhibaatada in xal this waa in aad aakhirka tamar badan ku lumin inay resistor kulaylku, taas oo aan aad qol, laakiin waxa ay ku kici doonto dinaar quruxsan. Sidoo kale karti tamarta, resistor shido gaabiyo inta badan eheeyn oo laga yaabo inay khatar dabeed ah, sida daayo resistor variable kulayl badan. qalabka hadda isticmaalaan hab wax ku ool ah.

Mabda 'hawlgalka

Sidaas daraaddeed, dhab gaabiyo. Waa maxay tan macnaheedu marka la eego kala duwanaanshaha ka resistor ah? Halkii qaadan tamarta ka nalka in iska caabin ah variable, dimmers casriga ah ee isbeddel kasta oo waqtiga lagu jiro, si kooban u dabooli jidka ay marinka, si loo yareeyo xaddiga guud ee tamarta ayuuna wixiisii ku silsilad oo dhan. Waxaa soo baxday in hadda in nalka iftiin off marar badan per labaad.

muddada wareegga bedesheen ku dhisan tahay oscillations qoyska AC. Waxay leeyihiin polarity a kala duwan ee danab - in la ruxruxo buur ah sinusoidal hadda u kala duwan tahay ugu badnaan fiican u xun. In si kale loo dhigo, lacag dhaqaaqaan, taas oo talantaalli hadda ah, joogto ah la beddelo oo ay jihada of mooshin. In Russia, wuxuu maraa wareeg isbedelka (mooshin lacag hal dhinac, ka dibna kale) 50 jeer labaad.

"Jebi" ruxruxo Culumida Soomaaliyeed ee hadda ka jirta kasta waxaa bar-wareeg - taasi waxa ay ka dhigeysaa gaabiyo ah. Maxay ka dhigan tahay? Waxaa si toos ah u jarto Bannaanka nal mar kasta oo la beddelo jihada hadda, in uu yahay, marka danab eber ee Bannaanka. Tani waxay dhacdaa laba jeer wareeg, ama 100 jeer labaad. sahayda hadda circuit laambadda la demin on mar kale markii danab ku gaartay heer qaarkood.

Mabda 'Tani - "in ka mid ah heerka" - qeexan yihiin meel ka mid ah qalinka kula biiro gaabiyo. Haddii la rakibay on xaaladda iftiinka, waxay si dhakhso ah u buuxsamayso ka dib markii xiritaanka. Nidaamka waxaa ka mid ah in inta badan ee wareegga, si ay u samatabbixiyaa tamar badan per labaad ee guluubka fudud. Haddii gaabiyo ayaa lagu wadaa in Nuur hooseeyo, waxaa la sugi doonaa ka dib markii xiritaanka dheer ilaa noqon maayo on mar kale dhamaadka wareegga.

Tani waa fikrad aasaasiga ah, laakiin dhab ahaantii ka shaqeeya gaabiyo? Wadista xidhiidhada uu bixiyo qaybta xigta, kajawaabi doonaa su'aashaan.

Device dimming elektarooniga ah

Waan ognahay in ay si deg deg ah iftiin ka saari doonaa circuit si loo yareeyo awoodda bixisey in laambadda. Oo weliba, gaar ahaan laftiisa gaabiyo ah - waa maxay? element dhexe ee ay circuit waa ac biiro Semiconductor ama triac.

Triac - yar oo qalab Semiconductor, la mid ah diode ama transistor ah. iyaga oo kale, triac ka kooban tahay lakab oo kala duwan oo wax Semiconductor. iyaga ka mid ah, wax nooca n-, taas oo uu leeyahay badan oo electrons lacag la'aan ah iyo qalab nooca-p isagoo "godad" badan kaas oo electrons free gudbin karaan.

triac waa u mari karin hadda at polarity kala duwan ee danab codsatay darina, ie in labada bar-wareegyada ee AC dhaxe danab, laakiin waa keliya haddii koronto saddexaad - .. iriddeeda - danab gacanta ku dalbatay. Oo sidaas daraaddeed, dhab ahaantii, ordaya gaabiyo. nidaamka hoose wuxuu muujinayaa sida loo soo jeestay.

danab The on iridda triac ah, taas oo loo baahan yahay in la furo, bixisey capacitor kaydinta, iyo wakhtiga ay mas'uul tan iyo bilowgii badhkiis muddo of danab sahayda gacanta ku resistor a variable. Sidaas waxa dhaca in nidaamka this? In si kooban u dhigo,

• Triac u dhaqmo sida xulista danab a.
• danab iridda waxay ka talisaa waqtiga ay mid noqoshada.
• resistor A variable dhigaya danab ku iridda.
• ceejinta waxay u adeegtaa in la simi waveform hadda soo wareegi korontada ilayska (eeg. Qaybta seq.).
• capacitor Xakamaynta hortagtaa jiilka circuit faragelinta gaabiyo.

Xidhiidhinaya network ah

Waa in la ogaadaa in dhamaan radio qaab koronto lagu muujiyey jaantuskan soo kor ku xusan, gaabiyo ku dhajinta in guryaha, taas oo uu leeyahay kaliya labo boosteejada si ay awood qalabka si network korontada-hal waji. Sidaa darteed, marka la eego fulinta technology la xidhiidha sida gaabiyo gebi ahaanba le'eg oo lagu biiro laba-baallaha caadiga ah. By habka, qaar ka mid ah naqshado ku biiro dhisay-in ay xidhiidh la talooyin ah ee nidaamka oo dhan, oo ay muhiimka ah waxa uu ku yaalaa soo socota si ay buro gacanta. Sidaa darteed, isku Xidhka gaabiyo, sida kiiska ee isku xirta biiro caadiga ah, qabtaan tallaabooyinka soo socda:

1. Go'aaminta ilayska ama laambadood ka tirsan ay gacanta ku for gaabiyo ah.
2. Xisaabi hadda ku baabba'saday by qalabka iftiiminta markuu iyagii ku shaqeeya oo aan gaabiyo.
3. Soo qaado gaabiyo la badnaan gaaray hawlgala hadda ma ka yar in la helaa in Sec. 2.
4. Dhig gaabiyo ku meel sax ah iyo in ay ku xirmaan shabakad sida caadiga ah ku biiro laba-cirif ah. Fiiro gaar ah halkan in ku biiro kasta in lagu rakibo kaari wajiga farqiga, ma "Zero", vol. E. Waa Waxa ay noqon Silsilad socodka hadda ilayska (s), laakiin ma ka dib.

circuit gaabiyo Real waa ka adag. Sidaas, waxaa laga yaabaa fog gaabiyo la hago, switchable (toos ah) saacad ku xiran kala duwan oo ka mid ah "guriga smart", iyo sidoo kale nooca loomana baahno ama codka gacanta ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhan of this "Walxaha smart" qariyay qalabka, iyo geeddi-socodka ah ee xidhiidhinaya network uusan adag.

laambadihii Buzz in joogitaanka dimmers

In opinion ee tiro ka mid ah dadka isticmaala, by xira halkii u baddashaan gaabiyo jaban awood circuit incandescent maqlay cunnaha qalaad. Tani waxay dhacdaa sabab u degidda buuxieyey ilayska waxaa sababa beddelo waveform hadda ka triac ku bixisey.

Sida aad ogtahay, hadda ka dhex maraya fiilooyin ku abuuraa ciidan badan duurka ku magnetic iyo kala duwanaanta hadda keeni isbedela field magnetic. buuxieyey ee guluubka fudud yahay muquuninta silig a kaas oo, haddii solenoid la magnetized ag marayo hadda ka dhex, iyo duurka ku magnetic oscillates la soo noqnoqoshada ah talantaalli hadda.

The caadi sinusoidal talantaalli haatan si tartiib tartiib ah bedbeddeso sida ay field magnetic. hadda ka soo gaabiyo la bedelo oo jir- markii triac ka noqdo tabinta. Isbeddelkan ayaa lama filaan ah in hadda badala duurka ku magnetic si degdeg ah, taas oo keeni kartaa gariirka ee buuxieyey. Waxa intaa dheer in soo saara dhawaaqa lugeyana jilicsan oo jir- beddelo field magnetic ay abuuri doonaan calaamadaha radio daciif ah in faragalin ku samayn kara TV deriska ama raadiyaha!

dimmers intooda badan ka kooban qaybaha oo dheeraad ah in la baabi'iyo guuxayaan saamayn. Sida caadiga ah, isku xirka Bannaanka gaabiyo ka mid ah ceejiya ah yeelista (eeg. Nidaamka kor ku xusan), taas oo silig dheer ku duudduubtay oo ku wareegsan core bir ah, oo ah capacitor xakamaynta dheeraad ah. Labada qalab ku meel gaar ah keydin karaa koronto (foomka tamarta magnetic field, hadda, iyo tamarta korontada lacag) oo aad ka dib arsaaqa. tamarta Tani smoothes ah Sabuul danab af badan sababa bedesheen triac si loo yareeyo Hum iyo faragelinta.

Dimmers iyo laambadihii

Dimmers uu abuuro jawi is raaxada guriga iyo in la yareeyo kharashka tamarta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma nalalka oo dhan waa socon iyaga la, iyo this abuuri kara dhibaatooyin loogu talogalay mulkiileyaasha guri. macaamiisha badan oo daabacaan comments negative nuurka xeerka gaabiyo ah, laakiin falanqaynta ee jawaabaha keenaysaa garawsannay in qorayaashu ma yaqaanaan mabaadi'da nalalka waafaqid iyo dimmers wada.

Nalalka waxaa lagu gartaa xoog iyo danab. Haddii aad doorato dimming qaldan noocyo ka mid yihiin haboonayn iyaga xiisadda iyo abuuro dhibaatooyin. Sidaa darteed, doorashada laambad u diyaariyey kii dimming, waa in dadka laga war hayo oo ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan oo ka mid ah oo ay bartaan inay doortaan kaliya la jaan qaada dimmers ay hadda jira.

Macaamiisha dooran kartaa incandescent, halogeen, dhaadheer iyo laambadihii LED. Labada nooc ee hore ee laambadaheedii si fudud u maareeyaan dimmers, halka nalalka dhaadheer iyo LED isagoo saarka iftiin, shaqo ka qaalisan oo ka yar ka weyn qalabka ee su'aasha.

incandescent

guluubka incandescent shaqeeyaa, waayo, haatan korontada maraa ay buuxieyey, taas oo kor maraysa oo uu bilaabo inuu shido. Kuwani nalalka sida ehelkooda ugu dhow - laambadihii halogeen (dhab ahaantii, laambadihii buuxieyey isku, laakiin dheeriga ah xeryahooda halogeen-ka kooban galay sibraar si looga hortago uumi ee wax buuxieyey), waa nalalka view ugu adeegayaa, maxaa yeelay, iyagu wax ka gaabiyo shaqeeyaan. Waxay uma dulqaadan karo danab mid aad u sareeya, laakiin wanaagsan oo ku filan heerka ay ku habboon. In opinion kuwa macaamiisha kuwaas oo doonaya in uu badbaadiyo tamarta iyo kordhiyo nolosha guluubka iyadoo la adeegsanayo dimmers, waxaa si aad u wanaagsan u shaqeeya. dadka isticmaala badan ayaa sheegay in nalalka incandescent waa LEDka shaqada aan qaali ahayn iyo sidoo kale nadaam sare. ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba markii wareegto gaabiyo la demiyo kaliya kor ku xusan waxay ku baxayn.

nalalka dhaadheer

laambadihii Kuwanu waa gudaha guluubka ah uumi mercury. Ahbaa iyaga by in shucaaca kulaylka yididiila phosphor ah, oo ku qariyeen derbiyada gudaha ee guluubka si dhaadheer iftiin arki karo. users Qaar ka mid ah in dib u eegista ay tilmaamayaan in nalalka ay kaliya off hoose ee kala duwan ee gacanta ku gaabiyo. Waxa ay tahay in ay isticmaalaan laambadihii wax-u dhaadheer ee isafgaradka aan loogu tala galay in lagu isticmaalo dimmers haddii mulkiilaha a rakibtay danab yar ee guud ahaan qalabka, si fudud u dami ilayska, oo aan ku baxayn doonaa. Si aad u isticmaasho gaabiyo la laambad, waa in ay leeyihiin waaya'aragnimo LEDka, waxa waa in la tilmaamay on baakada. Qaar ka mid ah dimmers caadiga ah waa la jaan laambadda, laakiin dhammaantiin ma aha iyaga ka mid ah. Macaamiisha waa in ay had iyo jeer dooran gaabiyo ee 220 la calaamad u yihiin soo saaraha oo ku saabsan waafaqid waxaa ka mid ah la nalalka dhaadheer.

nalalka LED

Ay hawlgalka ku salaysan yahay awood u leh inay u abaari ka electrons of diode iftiin saaro in la macaamilaan si togan eedeeyay "godad" oo dhaadheer photons oo soo saari luminescence. Waxay ka yar dhalaalaya ka badan nalalka dhaadheer yihiin, laakiin kala duwan oo sixitaanka dhalaalka waxaa ku koobnayn oo kaliya by design ee ay ka mid noqoshada. Sida laga soo xigtay war celin macaamiisha, Kokes ayaa sidoo kale u nugul shutdowns ee kala duwan ee xoogga hoose, iyo waxa ay sidoo kale la soo bandhigi karo noocyada kala duwan ee dimmers. Inkasta oo nal incandescent flicker doonaa isbedbedelka danab, LED xataa damin kartaa ama flicker xad-dhaafka ah.

Selection of laambad ku haboon

Marka aad iibsanayso macaamilka waa in maanka lagu hayo in laambadihii incandescent waa la gaabin karaa ka eber ilaa 100 boqolkiiba, iyo nalalka dhaadheer iyo LED aan la qalo karaa hoos 10-20% qiimaha magacaaban ay soo dhalaasho, si ay dadka guryaha leh ma awoodaan in ay gaaraan heerka raaxada noqon doonaa. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, nalalka dhaadheer iyo LED u baahan qaalisan oo adag LED gaabiyo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in muddada dheer, waxay siiyaan kaydka tamarta muhiim ah.

Selection of dimming ku haboon

dimmers Modern, tusaale ahaan gaabiyo Legrand (waxaa loola jeedaa line oo dhan brand ah), qabtaan hawlaha kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan noocyo kala duwan oo photocells, dareemayaal mooshin oo shidda. Marka la maalgashado alaabtii dadkan u leeyihiin in ay maanka ku hayo in dimmers circuit sare waxaa loogu talagalay nalalka-oolnimada sare. Iyada oo qalabka-jaban yihiin ku filan waayo, laambadahayagii incandescent iyo halogeen.

Gebogebadii sameeyey dadka isticmaala badan u eegay dimmers, mid gabagabayn kartaa in saamaynta mass ugu weyn ka isticmaalkooda la diyaarin karaa guryahooda, ciinwaanka nalalka incandescent dhaqanka. Ka dib markii gaabiyo kuu ogolaanaya in aad si loo yareeyo isticmaalka awooda oo aan badalayn nalalka cheap on dhaadheer qaali ama LED. Haddii guriga horay loo daboolay by noocyo cusub oo laambadaheeda, saamaynta ugu weyn ee uu ka kooban yahay in la kordhiyo goobaha ay gacanta ku nalalka ku siin kara "sare" model gaabiyo, tusaale ahaan fog gaabiyo, kaas oo u ogolaanaya si loo xakameeyo nalalka ee goobta la hago, iyada oo aan kacdid.