Gadhi nidaamka cusub: nooleynta ciidanka Ruushka

dagaal daal oo dhan qarnigii qasan 17, daciifaan ciidanka oo ay kari waayeen in ay gobolka ka weeraro cadowga ilaaliyo - arrimood oo dhan isu geeyo si ay u abuuraan shuruudaha lagama maarmaanka u ah aasaaska ciidanka kale Ruush, taas oo bilaabay la gadhi nidaamka cusub.

laga bilaabo

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay si ay u muujiyaan on abuurista ciidamada cusub ee soo galay waqti adag oo qasan of our taariikhda - in Time ee rabshado, waana engegeen khatar ugu nac weyn ee duulaanka shisheeye. Muddadan ciyaartoyda ajnabiga soo kiraystay oo maleeshiyaadka si ay ula dagaalamaan dirir ciidanka Polish. Waxay ahayd markaa in Michael Skopin-Shumsky, si daacad ah u saamaysay falalka wadajir ah lugta Sweden karti geesinimo leh si kada ah weeraradii ka mid ah hussars Polish, go'aansaday in uu abaabulo ciidan ah muunad shisheeye - Holland iyo af Iswiidhish. Gadhi nidaamka cusub, oo ka kooban asal ahaan ka mid ah maleeshiyada soo ridayeen ah, ayaa la soo ururiyay ee Novgorod iyo shaqeeya 18 kun oo qof. Oo isna wuxuu iyagii u tababaran ee hubka karti Belgian Hristier Florel, oo diiradda saaraya xeeladaha la dagaalanka fardooley ah, taas oo tirada pikemen daboolay Musketeers musket - hub ugu weyn ee ka dambeeya waqtiga.

The guulaha ugu horeysay

Xitaa haddiiba loo tababaray, gadhi nidaamka cusub ee September 1609 ku guuleystay dhowr guul muhiim ah ka gaartay oo polish ah: Moscow iyada oo go'doominta ka qarxay oo ku soo laabtay ah magaalo yar, hoos ciidamada soo duulay dib. Laakiin Time ee rabshado ka dhigay hagaajin dhacdooyinka ku xiga. Ka dib markii khubad ciidanka Skopin-Shumsky kala firdhiyey. Sayidka dhamaaday maxkamadda ururka guul ah regiments tusaalaha shisheeye.

isku day labaad

Baahida loo qabo istiraatiiji ah inuu ku soo laabto Smolensk, siiyey oo polish ah, oo usoo nooleynta of a ciidanka hufan xoog ahaa wadadii kale abuurista regiments cusub ee 1630. Ku bilow ganacsi this adag khubaro ah af Iswiidhish iyo af Dutch dhamaadka 1631 aasaasay ciidankii 2, in kasta oo taas oo tirada 1600 oo qof. Markii hore waxaa la qorsheeyey in la sameeyo qaniimooyin regiments carruurta boyars aan dhulka, mana aha kuwo xiiso u adeega lugta, oo waxaa la go'aamiyay in ay qaataan ciidan carruurta Cossacks iyo qaansoley.

Taliska guutada qaadeen dadka inta badan ajnabiga hore. guutada kasta tiradeedu waxay ahayd 8 shirkadaha, gacanta ugu kornayl ah, Colonel, oo waaweyn, iyo shan saraakiishii ahayd. In shirkadda askari, waxaa jiray 200, kuwaas oo 120 ay ahaayeen Musketeers iyo 80 - pikemen. Tirada regiments si degdeg ah u koray, iyo bilowgii 1632 waxaa hore u ahaa 6 (9000 qof).

Tan iyo bartamihii 1632 ka billaabay abuuridda ciidankii ugu horeeyay ee Reitarska of boyars iyo reer abtirsan jiray, kuwaas oo tiro dhamaadka sanadka 1721 u kacay inuu nin. Waxaa ka mid ah markii ugu horeysay soo abaabulay Koox ka mid ah Dragoon, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan la sameeyey iyo guutada u gaar ah oo dragoons, kaas oo ka kooban 12 shirkadood. Gadhi nidaamka cusub muddada 1632-1634 GG. ahaayeen laf-dhabar u ah ciidamada, 10 cutub dagaal-diyaar u tirintii 17 kun oo qof waxaa la abuuray. Waxay si geesinimo leh u diriray, waxay ahaayeen geesi iyo quus, geesinimada qudhiisu muujinaya in dagaallada ka dhanka ah ciidamada ka xoogbadan, cadowga, laakiin inuu ku guuleysto dagaalka Russia ayaa ku guuldareystay. Iyo dhamaadka regiments dagaalka ee nidaamka cusub ayaa la baabiiyo. isku day labaad in uu abaabulo Ciidamada ayaa sidoo kale ku guulaysatay kalabadhka kaliya.

Heerka saddexaad

A dhowr sano ka dib, in 1638, xukuumadda ayaa cusbooneysiiyay formation of qaybo ka mid ah model cusub ee ilaalinta soohdimaha koonfurta Russia. Waxa uu kormeero diyaarinta ciidamada, kaasoo ku yaala dheecaanku Novgorod, Cavalier iyo guud, Tomas England Daleyl.

regiments la xirrira hogaaminayo si ay u qabtaan qasbay nin datochnyh qorista shaqeeyay gu'gii si dayrta iyo jiilaalka si ay u magooli guryahooda. Falkaan ayaa laftiisa xaq, saamaynta tababar ku filnayn la xidhiidha fasax weyn. Sidaa darteed, qaramayn ee qaar ka mid ah tuulooyinka iyo tuulooyinkoodii koonfurta ayaa waxaa fuliyay 1643-1648, siday u kala horreeyaan, sida qastaan diiwaan geliyay dragoons ah.

dib u habaynta Ciidanka Alexei Mikhailovich

bartamihii qarnigii 17aad ee Russia ay astaan u dhacdo aad u muhiim u ah dalka - oo amar ah Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich bilaabay dib u habaynta a xagjirka ah ee ciidanka helaan meelaha ugu fiican ee nidaamka jir ah - an Moscow iyo awr aqoonyahanada degaanka, Musketeers Moscow iyo Arsenal, iyo abuurista unugyada dagaalka ee image ay horay u muujiyeen in ay xirfad military regiments.

Macnaha ku jira dagaal Ruush-Polish ee 1654-1667. xeryahooda, kuwaas oo u noqday saldhig xooggan ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee dalka. Gadhi nidaamka cusub Alexis - askari oo dragoon qayb skomplektovat datochnyh dadka loo qorto in ay adeeg nolosha oo dhan. adeegga dalka oo la soo bandhigay.

regiments Reitarska la sameeyey ma aha oo kaliya ka datochnyh, laakiin sidoo kale ka gobta ahaa sabool ah iyo dadka aan dhulka, Cossacks iyo carruurta boyar. boqolaal Noble buuxda wareejiyo nidaamka Reitarska. A dhaqaaqo muhiim ahaa doorashada ee halabuurka ah ee awr Jaha lancers - Hussars. waayo-aragnimo Swedish in dhaqanka colaadaha iyo qalabaynta askari ahaa si weyn waxtar leh, oo wuxuu ku yidhi isku mid ah oo Ruush ah iyo awr ee Sweden. xirfad taago, oo ah qalabka hussar weyn wax wanaagsan ku kala duwanaayeen xeryahooda, kuwaas oo in awr deegaanka Ruush ah.

kibirka Ruush

Gadhi nidaamka cusub ee dhexe. 17c. sameeyay iyada oo ay hoggaaminayaan saraakiisha si fiican u tababaran. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka, oo uu ku biirey iyo tababaray ugu yaraan boqol kun oo nin, cadaato cufka of fikradda ah Abuuridda cutubyo ciidamada sida. By dhamaadka qarnigii gadhi nidaamka cusub - waa qayb ka mid ah ugu wanaagsan ee ciidamada la aasaasay mustaqbalka ku salaysan ciidan Ruush guul joogto ah.