Hermitage Museum Gobolka. Hermitage (St. Petersburg): a collection of farshaxanka

Waa maxay meelaha ugu badan ee soo booqday by dalxiisayaasha, imanaya St. Petersburg? Hermitage, Kunstkamera iyo markab "Aurora" ah.

Hermitage The waa mid gaar ah?

Waa farshaxanka weyn ee adduunka ee iyo madxafka oo dhaqan-taariikheed. Waxa uu sidoo kale si fiican u yaqaan oo caan ah sida Louvre, British Museum iyo Museum Metropolitan ah. Hermitage State ayaa heysta 3 million bandhigaa, oo ay ku jiraan farshaxanka oo keliya, waxaa jira 15 kun. Waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in haddii la siin lahaa wax kasta in matxafka 1 kaliya daqiiqadii, ka dibna si aad u aragto oo dhan ururiyay oo u baahan Hermitage ah ... 8 sano! Oo waxaa la siiyey oo kaliya in ay soo bandhigaa si joogto ah, laakiin bandhigyo ku meel gaar ah. Hermitage sidoo kale qabanqaabisaa bil kasta dersin ka mid ah kuwan. Oo dadkii oo dhammu dhererka waddada waa 20 km. Laakiin highlight ugu weyn ee museum this ma ku saabsan baaxadda iyo ma aha tirada alaabta taariikhi ah ku kaydsan, iyo xaqiiqda ah in ay jiraan dad badan oo masterpieces asalka ah ee rinjiyeynta dunida iyo qaybaha kale ee fanka.

Meeday?

Location Museum - on qararka Palace ah. Hermitage State The - adag ah ka mid ah shantii dhismayaasha (Palace ee Winter, Hermitage Cusub, Grand Hermitage, Hermitage yaryar iyo Tiyaatarka Hermitage ah). iridda ugu weyn waxa uu ku yaalaa at Palace Square, 2.

jadwalka

Hermitage State waxay diyaar u tahay in ay martida ka Tuesday dhowayn Sunday, laga bilaabo 10.30. End of shaqo - 18.00, laakiin on Wednesday - 21.00. Maalinta off - Monday. Laakiin note: stop lacag caddaan ah tigidhada iibinta saacad ka hor ku dhow. Waxaa fiican in la qorsheeyo tug ilaa Hermitage ee saacadood ka hor inta qadada iyo maalmaha - dadka ka yar. Laakiin muddo toddobaad ah mararka qaarkood waxaad u baahan tahay in line u taagan yihiin ilaa hal saac.

qiimaha tikidhada

Tigidhada at Hermitage waa qaali. Waayo, muwaadiniinta Russia qiimaha uu noqon doono 100 rubles, dadka hawlgabka ah, ardayda iyo carruurta -. Free. Ajaanibta yeelan doonaan in ay bixiyaan 350 rubles. Laakiin Thursday kasta kowaad oo bishii - maalin oo lacag la'aan ah qof walba.

History of abuurka

In 1764 Catherine Great ku iibsaday 225 farshaxankiisa ka ururinta ee baayacmushtariga oo Jarmal Yohanna Gotskovskogo. ururinta Tani waxaa loogu talagalay King Frederick II ee Prussia, laakiin ay sabab u tahay dhibaatooyin dhaqaale, wuxuu taas ma iibsan karo. baayacmushtariga ganacsiga ayaa balan qaaday inay sameyn jirtey Ruushka, oo waxay isku raaceen oo aan libiqsanayn, si ay u muujiyaan off hore ee Boqortooyada a Jarmal. Tan iyo Gotskovsky ma lahayn aqoon qoto dheer oo duurka ku ah fanka, ururinta ka mid ah farshaxankiisa halkii xumo (marka la barbardhigo kuwa dambe yimid). Kuwaas oo inta badan ahaayeen shuqullada gacanta sayidkooda Dutch oo Vlaamse, iyo sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah shuqulladii by fannaaniinta Talyaani ee qarnigii XVII ah. Laakiin iyaga ka mid ah waa wax soo saarka ah oo ka mid ah Khalsa iyo derbigii.

Sanadkan (1764 th), oo waxaa loo arkaa sano ee aasaaskii Hermitage ah, inkastoo museum ee dareenka casriga ah ee erayga ma jirin. shan sano ka dib, barashada afku wuxuu ahaa sida soo socota: 600 farshaxankiisa ka ururinta gaarka ah Tirada von Bruhl. Waxaa jiray bandhigaa qiimo leh: "sawirka of Man ah Old in Red" Rembrandt, "Perseus iyo Andromeda" by Rubens iyo kuwa kale.

400 farshaxankiisa kale iibsaday by ururiyaha Faransiiska Pierre Crozat. Sayidka ee St. Petersburg ahaayeen "Quduuska ah Family" by Raphael, "Judith" by Giorgione, "Danae" Titian ee "sawirkii oo ka mid ah gabadh Infanta Isabella" Rubens, "Is-sawirka" by Van Dyck.

Si Catherine ayaa qalabaynta masterpieces farshaxanka dunida meesha ugu horeysa ay aheyd tilmaam siyaasadeed si ay u muujiyaan in Empire Ruush ah - horumartay iyo dalka non-miskiinka awoodin raaxo noocan oo kale ah. In 1774, in hantidii Empress ahaa 2080 sawiro, laakiin kama aan wadaagno. Si aad muddada this iska leh weedha caanka ah ee Catherine in ay jecel yahay iyo waxa kaliya mouse. Inkastoo mar dambe u helaan gallery la furay, laakiinse by fasax gaar ah.

Later Hermitage helay hantida laga saaray ee ku dhexyaalla Jannada ka mid ah dadkii ku abtirsan iyo guryaha boqorrada kale. Museum buuxsameen ururin gaar ahaaneed oo ka mid ah Yusupov, Stroganov, Sheremetev. hay'adaha kale ee wareejiyo soo bandhigaa si ay u Hermitage ah.

The ururinta ka mid ah farshaxankiisa

Thanks to Bandhigyada Hermitage ah, waxaa suurtagal ah si loo raad raaco taariikhda tahay dunida oo arag sida horumariyo farshaxanka England, Belgium, Holland, Spain, Italy, France iyo dalal kale. Tusaale ahaan, in kulanka ku matalayay kaliya 7000 farshaxankiisa by fanaaniinta Yurub ka qarniyadii dhexe iyo dhamaanayey qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Ka sokow bandhiga joogto ah, waxaa kale oo jira bandhigyo ku meel gaar ah. Hermitage waa ilaalinta si taxaddar leh dhaxalka dhaqanka qiimo leh ee la soo dhaafay, sidaa darteed qofka shaybaarka laga qaar ka mid ah waa u furan yahay dadweynaha inay helaan oo keliya dhowr toddobaad sannadka ee ay ilaalinta.

Hoolalka of art Western qurxiyey ee ku salaysan taariikh iyo juqraafi ahaan, in uu yahay, in mid ka mid shuqullada ururiyay Ranjiilayaasha dalka gaar muddo waqti gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, gallery ah rinjiyeynta Talyaani qarniyo XIII-XVIII ku faani karo ee masterpieces sida "Annunciation The" by Simone Martini, "Madonna Benua" iyo "Madonna Litta" Leonardo da Vinci ee "Family Quduuska ah" by Raphael.

hadalkay aad buu hodan u ah fanka wanaagsan qarniyadii XVII-XVIII Vlaamse. kibirka ururinta - 32 farshaxankiisa by Rubens ( "The Union of Earth iyo Biyaha", "Bacchus" iyo wareegyo taariikhi iyo madaxtooyada oo weyn), 24 shuqullada uu ardaygu Van Dyck ( "Self").

In gallery ee XV rinjiyeynta Spanish - bilowga ah farshaxankiisa qarnigii XVIII kaydiyaa El Greco ( "The Peter rasuullada iyo Paul"), Velazquez ( "quraac"), de Goya ( "sawirka of Actress ah Antonia Zarate"). Waxaa suurto gal ah si ay u dhawraan horumarinta Gothic iyo u badnaanta macquul ah iyo karavadzhizma.

ururinta gaar ah oo hodan ah farshaxankiisa (qiyaastii 1000) by fannaaniinta Dutch, oo ay ku jiraan hore iyo kan dambe Rembrandt.

Sida baahsan sida in rinjiyeynta Hermitage, Ingiriisi la siiyo marka laga reebo UK laftiisa. xiisaha badan ee shaqo ee sawirka maxkamadda. Mid ka mid ah farshaxankiisa caansan dunida ee ay tahay "sawirka of Lady ah ee Blue" by Thomas Gainsborough.

In hoolka bandhig of rinjiyaynta qarniyo XV-XVIII Faransiis ah, meesha ugu muhiimsan ayaa waxaa kujira classicist burushka Nikola Pussena. ururinta A shuqullada by qeybtii labaad ee XIX - qarnigii XX waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah adduunka ugu fiican. Markaas waxaa jira impressionist Monet caanka ah ( "Lady janada", "Waterloo Bridge") iyo Renoir ( "Gabar la Fan ah"), iyo Degas ( "Concorde"). kibirka ururinta - 38 asalka ah iyo 31 Matisse - Picasso.

muujineysaa sayidkii dugsiyada Berlin iyo Munich ee hoolka farshaxanka Jarmal. Sidoo kale soo jiitay dareenka ah farshaxankiisa dagaal u huray in dagaalkii ka Patriotic ee 1812 iyo shuqulkii Frederick in style ka Romantic.

Recently, Hermitage Gobolka iibsaday "Black Square" by Malevich. Tani waa mid ka mid ah shuqulladii ugu caansan fanka Ruush ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay.

Waa maxay soo gunaanaday? Waxaad u sheegi kartaa wakhti dheer oo ku saabsan naqshadda taxadiri, farshaxan iyo saabsan Hermitage ah. Laakiin in uu akhriyo oo ku saabsan masterpieces of rinjiyeynta waa wax badan ka yar xiiso badan ku riyaaqayaa waaqiciga ah oo qurux badan. Sidaa darteed waxaa lagama maarmaan ah oo aan libiqsanayn si ay u tagaan oo tikidhada Hermitage ka iibsan qoyska oo dhan. Waxa ay noqon doontaa wargelin ah.