Reserve steppe Ruush: liiska

In dunida casriga ah, waxaan inta badan iloobaan ah oo ku saabsan dabeecadda ku xeeran, raadinaya iyo aad u badan waxaa ka mid ah sannad kasta. Koraaya magaalada, jidadka waawayn cusub ayaa la dhisay, oo barakiciyay nolosheena Bbc dabiici ah oo qurux badan. Doorka ilaalinta ee flora dabiiciga ah iyo dubato waxay ku dadaaleen dhulal gaar ah - kaydka. In dalka, waxaan abuuray in ka badan boqol meelaha la ilaaliyo, kaydka dabiiciga ah iyo Prairie Russia mashquulin meel muhiim ku ah nidaamka this.

Waa maxay reserve ah?

Reserve wareegay qayb gaar ah dhow (ama biyo ah), taas oo lagu kaydiyo oo dhan adag dabiiciga ah ee qaab dhamaystiran oo dabiici ah.

Taariikhyahanada ayaa aaminsan in isku dayga koowaad ee ilaalinta deegaanka ayaa ku soo laabtay III qarnigii BC waxaa la, in Sri Lanka. Waxay ahayd halkaas in lagu faafiyey ugu horeysay ee adduunka sharciga ku saabsan ilaalinta duurjoogta. Meesha ugu horeysay xaaladda ilaalinta u muuqday in qarnigii XIII ee Ifriqiya, marka guri ammaan Hafsid mamnuucidda on ugaarsadaan u dhow mid ka mid ah harooyinka ah.

Marka laga eego dhinaca sharciga Ruush casriga ah, kaydka dabiiciga ah ee gobolka Ruush - yihiin hay'adaha sayniska gaar ah la aasaasay si loo ilaaliyo iyo waxay bartaan hababka dabiiciga ah iyo nidaamka dhawrista.

Gool iyo Ujeeddooyinka

All kaydka dabiiciga ilaaliyo Ruush isu ujeedooyinka la mid ah:

1. Ilaalinta balli hiddo-ee dhirta iyo ugaarta ah.
2. ilaalinta ee la lafaguro dabiiciga ah daacadnimada.
3. Joogtaynta kala duwanaanta dhirta iyo xoolaha bulshada.
4. Fulinta cilmi vivo.

All beeraha qaranka ee Russia, iyo ma aha oo kaliya in Russia, dhisay on mabda'a isku mid ah. In ay qaab-dhismeedka loo qaybin karaa saddex qaybood oo waaweyn:

• Ilaali asaasiga ah;
• kayd (SF) zone;
• zone ilaaliyo (kala guurka ah inta u dhaxaysa reserve dhabta ah iyo meelaha galmo ku xiga).

Iyo kaydka weyn ee Russia iyo yar-dhismeedka noocan oo kale ah. Kuwani saddex aag mid caan ku ah qaab-dhismeedka of darajo iyo size kala duwan.

Taariikhda kaydka dabiiciga Ruush

Ku dhowaad dhammaan kaydka Ruush, kuwaas oo ah magacyadii laba waxaad ka heli doontaa in this article, qaab ama mid kale, waxay leeyihiin taariikh dheer oo ay ka soo jeedo.

Aagga ugu horeysay sida in Russia waxaa la sameeyay sanadkii 1917. Waxaa reserve Barguzinsky in Buryatia. Later liiska meelaha la ilaaliyo ee dalka waa buuxsameen oo kaliya. kaydka noocan oo kale badan oo Russia sida jaaket, Caucasus iyo Ilmensky sidoo kale loo saarin karaa in ay ugu wayni. All iyaga u muuqday in ay 20 ee qarnigii labaatanaad. Laakiin kii ugu yaraa la oran karo waa reserve "Utrish", kaas oo la asaasay 2010. Intaa waxaa dheer, in muddada ilaa 2020, waxaa la qorsheeyey in la abuuro oo dheeraad ah 11 meelaha cusub ilaaliyo in Russia.

Kaydka of Russia: liiska kaydka steppe

Sida of 2014 ee Ruushka, waxaa jira 103 kaydka dabiiciga ah. Kulligood waxay mashquulin aag guud ee 340,000 kilomitir oo laba jibbaaran. Tani waa meel weyn in la meel oo ka mid ah dalalka Yurub, sida Finland barbar dhigi karaa.

Of tirada this, 11 kaydka dabiiciga ah loo saarin karaa in steppe ah. Waxaan ku qor, kuwaas oo kaydka ee Russia. Liiska hoos ku gudbiyay:

• jaaket,
• "Belogorye"
• Voroninsky,
• Voronezh,
• White-naped,
• East-Ural,
• "Galichya Mountain"
• Orenburg,
• Rostov,
• "Volga steppe"
• "Black Earth".

All kaydka Ruush, magacyada kuwaas oo ku qoran, xilsaaray Wasaaradda Khayraadka Dabeeciga ah iyo Degaanka. Laba ka mid ah - ka-East Urals iyo "xaasnimada Mountain" - ku xiran hay'adaha kale.

The ifafaale of steppe Ruushka

steppe Ruush - waa mid gaar ah oo gaar ah arrin dabiici ah. kaydka steppe Ruush, iyadoo cows ay duurjoogta ah iyo cawska baal silvery murugsan, eg baar faras ee.

Waxa xiiso leh, fikradda la abuuro meelaha sida la ilaaliyo waxa asalkiisu ka soo jeedo ee steppe ee. saynisyahan ciidda u fiican iyo Fiisooyinka Vasily Dokuchaev la hadlay oo ku saabsan baahida loo qabo this a boqol oo sano ka hor. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, reserve ma jirin Russia aaga steppe of ilaa 90-mada ah. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u reserve steppe Orenburg ah, kaas oo uu soo abaabulay oo ku saabsan hindisaha of Alexander Alexandrovich Chibilova 1989.

Steppe reserve "Orenburg"

Muuqday May 1989, maanta waxay qarinayaan meel ka mid ah in ka badan 21 kun oo hektar.

Steppe reserve "Orenburgsky" waxaa ka mid ah afar qaybood oo kala duwan:

• Talovskaya steppe
• Burtinskaya steppe
• Aytuarskaya steppe
• steppe Aschisayskaya (goobta ugu weyn ee dalka ka mid ah 7,200 hectares).

aagga this gudahood waxaad ka arki kartaa ma aha oo kaliya steppe ee Sucuudiga. Waxa kale oo jira dad badan oo taxadiri qaddiimiga VII-III qarnigii BC. Tani tuulmo la dhaqanka Sarmatian.

Cimilada - qalalan iyo qaaradda. heerkulka sanadlaha celcelis ahaan waa 2.5 sentigarade, iyo roobabka sanadlaha celcelis ahaan waa negligibly yar - ka 250 350 mm. By heerka uu qoynta aagga si ammaan saarin karaa in ay semi-cidla ah.

Of flora reserve waa kala duwan, waxaa jira 14 nooc oo fangaska, 150 nooc oo planus, 8 nooc oo dhir gaaban iyo 1,350 nooc oo dhirta vascular. No yar hodan iyo dubato ee degaanka: 48 nooc oo nuujiya, 193 noocyada shimbiraha, 6 noocyada kalluunka, 526 nooc oo kuwa lamid ah iyo 184 nooc oo caarada. Dalka waxa uu ku mashquulsan steppe inta badan cawska-caws, on dalcadaha hills ayaa sidoo kale la aasaasay steppe dhagax iyo ciid biyaha cusbada - kaxeynayo cidlada iyo bulshada.

In reserve waxaa jira ah oo ku saabsan laba dhirta darsin ku qoran Kitaabka Cas ee Russia. xoolo badan reserve Ruush "Orenburg" ayaa sidoo kale Book Cas. Ka mid ah iyaga shinnida steppe, curlew dhagax shimbir, Balaban, gorgor oo dahab ah, gorgor steppe, bustard iyo stilt iyo Yurub Beaver.

"Belogorye"

kaydka steppe Ruush - waa khasnad dhab ah dalkeena. Mid ka mid ah waa reserve nooca "Belogorye" ee gobolka Belgorod ah, taariikhdee in 1924 dib. Markaasuu wuxuu u yeedhay "Forest ee River Vorskla ah," iyo sanadkii 1999 ayaa waxaa dib u habayn ku galay ilaalinta cusub ee dhulka hoostiisa ay magaceeda la joogo.

Goobtani waxa ay la ilaaliyo waa xarumaha waxbarashada sayniska iyo deegaanka muhiimada federaalka. Ujeeddada - si loo ilaaliyo iyo baadhitaan faahfaahsan oo la xidhiidha geedi socodka dabiiciga ah iyo ifafaale aaga kaynta-steppe ka, iyo sidoo kale ilaalinta ee noocyada shaqsi iyo bulshooyinka ka mid ah flora, dubato iyo lafaguro gaar ah oo ku yaalla koonfurta of Ruush Dhexe Upland.

Dhulka reserve nooca "Belogorye" waxa ka mid ah shan qeybood oo kala duwan, kuwaas oo ku yaala saddex degmo oo gobolka. Waxaa Hubaal:

• Forest on Vorskla ah,
• Izgorya derbiga,
• Bidaarta Hills,
• Yamskaya Steppe,
• webiyada Ostrasevy.

Bedka guud ee "Belogoriya" waa 2131 hektar.

reserve gudahood, saynisyahano Waxaa jira 149 noocyada kala duwan ee Shimbiraha, iyo sidoo kale ku saabsan 370 nooc oo dhirta vascular. Fauna waxaa wakiil 50 nooc oo nuujiya, 15 noocyada kalluunka, noocyada of xamaarato, 6 iyo 9 noocyada xoolaha amphibious.

Reserve "Voroninsky"

kaydka Large Russia soo jiidataa tiro badan oo dalxiisayaal ah iyo naturalists. Mid ka mid ah Voroninsky reserve sida ku yaalla aaga kaynta gobolka Tambov. Waxaa la abuuray 1994 si ay u ilaaliyaan nidaamka steppe kaynta of Central Russia. Bedka guud ahaan - in ka badan 10,000 oo hektar, reserve nooca waxa uu ku yaalaa 40 km Crow River Valley gudahood.

Qaab dhismeedka Voroninsky reserve ka mid ah laba rucubood oo waaweyn - kaymaha "Inzhavinskaya" iyo "Kirsanovsky" iyo toban degaanka more halbeegyada tayada yar.

Fikradda la abuuro deegaanka ilaalinta meeshan leedahay xigeenka kale Semenov Tian-Shanskii yaqaan juqraafiga Ruush. In horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad, wuxuu ku bixiyey in aan halkan abaabulo waxa loogu yeero "uromny Park" (uremia - kaynta daad-Caraabaah gaar ah). Waa waxbarashada iyo dib u soo celinta kaynta tani waa hawsha ugu muhiimsan ee reserve casriga ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shaqada dhabta ah wax ku ool ah oo ku saabsan horumarinta fikradda guud reserve bilaabay kaliya ee dabayaaqadii 80-mada ay qarnigii XX. kaalin weyn in ururka of reserve leeyihiin khubarada Voroninsky Museum Regional iyo Tambov koriska Institute.

Si aad u taariikhda, reserve uu sameeyay saddex duulimaad dalxiis: ". Waddooyinkiisa Protected" "Inzhavino-Barska Mountain", "Protected Lake" iyo

Mid ka mid ah jiidashada ugu fiican reserve Voroninsky waa waxa loogu yeero Bidaar Mountain ah - wax la mid kicisay ah Uplands Volga ah. Gore ayaa height qof qaraabo ah oo ku saabsan 50 mitir. Oo xataa maanta buurta la daboolay xoqayaa in kaynta macmal ah, ka hor inta iyadu runtii ahaa "bidaarta leh", sidaas darteed ceshan magaceeda. By habka, in buurtan waa calaamad u ah tuulada Inzhavino.

jiidashada kale oo kayd ah - geed Asheeraah safsaf u gaar ah oo u dhow tuulada Semenovka. Her da'da - in ka badan 150 sannadood. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aha oo kaliya this geedihii Asheeraah safsaf caan ah, sababtoo ah waxaa la barbaro mar artist a caan Mstislav Dobuzhinsky. Haddaba sawirka waxa lagu kaydiyaa at the Museum of London. Nasiib darro, maanta oo kaliya haraadiga this Willow Grove - badan oo geedaha la burburiyey intii uu socdey dagaalka, oo ay sabab u tahay hawlaha waxashnimada in 90s ee.

"Rostov"

Yaabiyo iyo furato la kaydka steppe quruxda ay of Russia! In 1995, ee gobolka Rostov ee Rostov Reserve la aasaasay, inkasta oo shuruud ah ee saldhigga u ahaa qarnigii XIX goor dambe. fikradda ah in halkan la abuuro kaydka steppe a ka dibna saynisyahan muujiyay Vasily Dokuchaev, kuwaas oo qaatay waqti badan iyo dadaal inaad wax ka barato ka Bbc steppe maxaliga ah.

Rostov Reserve ayaa xaaladda federaalka iyo maamul u gooni ah. Waxay ka kooban tahay afar qeybood oo kala duwan, aagga guud ee in ka badan 9 hektar.

reserve gudahood, saynisyahano tirin 410 nooc oo dhirta vascular - inta badan cereals, digiraha, Asteraceae iyo dhego yare. Halkan waxa aad ka heli kartaa 4 nooc oo ah digir, noocyada dhowr ah oo caws baal, qodax geela. Grow kaydka iyo noocyada ku qoran Kitaabka Cas: Tulip ku Schrenk, iris cilin, cawska baal iyo noocyada kale.

"Black Earth"

The kaydka weyn ee ka dhacay Russia ay miisaanka oo dalka ka taagto ee Bbc bikrad. Mid ka mid ah ugu weyn dalka waa Reserve Biosphere leh magaca aan caadi ahayn "Black Earth", taas oo ay ku kaydsan yihiin meelaha gaarka ah ee steppe Kalmyk ah.

reserve ayaa waxaa loo aasaasay bishii June 1990. Hawsha ugu weyn ee - si loo badbaadiyo steppe iyo semi-lamadegaanka Bbc, iyo sidoo kale ilaalinta dadka saiga ah. Bedka guud ee aagga la ilaaliyo - in ka badan 120 kun oo hektar. Waxaa xusid mudan in sanadkii 1993 "Black Land" helay xaaladda reserve biosphere by UNESCO ah.

flora reserve ayaa waxaa wakiil sida noocyada steppe iyo lamadegaan ah dhirta. Sayidka, meelaha bacaadka ah kula kulmi kartaa muda ah geela, cawska ku faraxnay, sagebrush ciid. In jasiiradda badda Manichev-Gudilo leeyihiin deel la baal Lessing. halkan Grow iyo noocyada dhif ah ee dhirta: cornflower Taliev iyo Tulip Schrenk.

dubato ayaa sidoo kale wakiil steppe iyo semi-cidla ah noocyada. Halkan ka biciidka caadiga ah, SOS weyn-jeexin, gofer yar, jerboa. Laga helay "dhulka madow" faashadayn iyo polecat dhalaalaya. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, sii kordhaya dadka in Yeeyi Cunto kaydka ah.

Nest on reserve ah tiro badan oo ah waterfowl. Tani carrab guumaysgeesaleyda, goose, cantalyaaga Dalmatian, duck duurjoogta ah, duck cirro, pochard iyo kuwa kale. halkan ilaaliyo iyo steppe caadiga ah noocyada shimbiraha: bustard, lark, bustard yar, gorgor steppe iyo shimbir.

"Volga steppe"

"Volga steppe" - reserve dabiiciga ah ee gobolka Penza ah, oo ay ku jiraan 5 meelaha gaar ah:

• Poperechenskaya steppe
• Ostrovtsovskaya steppe
• Kuncherovskaya steppe
• Pine Forest on Kadadah,
• aagga kaynta Verhnesursky.

Waxay ku taalaa aaga steppe of Volga Dhexe ee. reserve la aasaasay 1989 si loo ilaaliyo deel waqooyiga iyo kaymaha. Waxaa maanta daboolayaa meel ka mid ah 8326 hektar. "Volga steppe" - waa meel ilaalinta dabiiciga ah ma aha oo kaliya. reserve ayaa sidoo kale si guul ah ku hawlan sayniska, cilmi, waxbarashada iyo hawlaha madadaalada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ujeedada ugu weyn ee "steppe Volga" waa ilaalinta dhirta iyo ugaarta, iyo sidoo kale wakiilo ka socda qofka oo la lafaguro oo dhan.

In "Volga ee steppe" Waxaa jira ah oo ku saabsan 860 nooc oo dhirta vascular taariikhda (this, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, 55% ka mid ah sideeda oo noocyada of the flora gobolka Penza ah). Kuwaas oo kala ah, 70 noocyada ay u baahan yihiin ilaalo gaar ah, oo xitaa sagaal cayn ku qoran Kitaabka Cas ee Russia. Tani afar nooc oo Stipa (cawska baal, qurux badan, opushennolistny iyo baal Zaleski), Fritillaria Ruush, iris leafless, rubra Cephalanthera, leafless epipogium iyo cucullata neottianta. 58 nooc oo dhirta ka mid ah reserve waxaa sidoo kale ka mid ahaa in Kitaabka Cas duurka.

shay oo xiiso leh waa kayd geed kaynta on Kadadah, ama waxa loogu yeero "Borok", oo u dhow tuulada Shatkino. aagga Shirqoolkii kaynta geed on qararka webiga Kadadah ah - ku dhowaad 400 oo hektar. Boron waa adag a beeraha geed aan dabiici ahayn iyo kaymaha geedkii. Inta badan meelaha la degan shayga iyo Alder meelaheeda dhoobada ah.

Maqaalkani waxa uu qeexayaa kaydka Ruush ugu caansan. Photos ka mid ah qaybo ka mid heer sare ah oo ka mid ah dalka ayaa sidoo kale ka heli kartaa halkaan. In dalka, waxaan abuuray in ka badan boqol meelaha la ilaaliyo, taas oo ujeedadoodu tahay in ay ilaaliyaan deegaanka ku xeeran, ilaalinta Bbc dabiiciga ah, dib u soo celinta iyo ilaalinta ee noocyada xoolaha iyo dhirta qaarkood. Intaa waxaa dheer, laga ilaaliyo meelaha iyo fuliyaan shaqo waxbarasho iyo waxbarasho dheeraad ah by beerto qof oo ku nool Russia jacaylka dabiiciga ah. Inta kaydka sidoo kale leedahay awood weyn madadaalada iyo dalxiiska, iyo qaar ka mid ah xitaa isku dayin in ay u fuliyaan by horumarinta wadooyinka dalxiis gaar ah iyo tamashle dhawrista.