Kaladuwan Social: Waa maxay macnaha ay bulshada casriga ah?

In qarnigii XIX ah waxaa la faafin views sida on qaab-dhismeedka bulshada ee bulshada, sida ay shuruudda ugu weyn ee go'aaminta kaladuwan ee bulshada ayaa la xiriira habka wax soo saarka. Gaar ahaan, view this ahaa Marxism. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aragtiyaha ay ahaayeen kaliya ma ahan fasallada go'doon, laakiin sidoo kale lakabka gudahood fasal kasta (tusaale ahaan, yar, dhexdhexaad iyo bourgeoisie weyn), sidaas adkaynaya sinnaan iyo ka saarida mid caan ku ah koox kasta oo ka mid ah dadka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay rumeysan yahay in ay tahay in laga soo gudbo, iyo fasalka noocan oo kale ah, proletariat ah, inaan u ciyaaro shaqada this ee taariikhda.

Fikradda la horumariyo ka duwan, aragtida fasalka, oo ku salaysan kaladuwan la mid ah bulshada ku jiifay. Qoraaga of aragti stratification oo intaasu waxay ahayd Pitirim Sorokin. Waxa uu horumariyo nidaamka oo dhan calaamooyinka iyo shuruudaha of stratification bulshada, la xirrira qaabka u shaqeeyo bulshada. Sorokin kala duwanaayeen stratification univariate iyo multivariate, in uu yahay, kala qeybinta bulshada kooxo sida "ayaa ceegaagta" mid ka mid feature iyo set oo dhan oo iyaga ka mid. Waxa uu la wadaago ayaa ceegaagta, kuwaas oo ku saabsan muuqaalada sifo sida shaqada, dakhliga, in xaaladaha nololeed, waxbarashada, sifooyin nafsi ah, diinta, dhaqanka style, iyo kuwo kale oo badan. sociologists badan oo casri ah waxay aaminsan yihiin saldhigga stratum iyo "dhamaadka" element ee qaab-dhismeedka bulshada.

Qubarada ayaa sidoo kale xiiseynaya sida qaddar ee kala ah shaqsi iyo bulsho ee bulshada waxaa go'aamiya qeybinta galay ayaa ceegaagta. Waxay xisaabiyaa suurtagalnimada of kala guurka oo ka mid ah kooxda in ay ka (dhaqdhaqaaqa horizontal) kale, iyo sidoo kale fasalada gudahooda (toosan), waayo, mid, laba ama in ka badan ka ab, iyaga ka mid ah muujinayo socodka sharci iyo kala sooc. In waxbarashada dhibaatada door weyn stratification ciyaaray by aragtida ah ee Max Weber. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in farqiga u dhexeeya kooxaha dadka waxaa ugu wacan ma aha oo kaliya in ay helaan xoolo dadweyne, xoog iyo sharciga, laakiin sidoo kale tilmaamayaasha bulshada - heerka iyo haybad. Sida laga soo xigtay Weber, koox kasta waa asalka ah ee style a qaar ka mid ah nolosha - caadooyinka, naqshadaha, qiyamka.

Barashada heerarka qeexaya hab-dhaqanka dadka ee nidaamka dawliga ah, iyo sidoo kale faylosuufiinta sida ku kaladuwan yihiin bulshada saamayn ku xaaladdooda, ayaa ku hawlan iyo sociologists sida Lyndon iyo Mead. qaybaha noocan oo kale ah ee doorka bulshada, sida lagu hafray iyo haybad, dadka ku habboon la wadaago by ay kooxda, si ay u qiimeeyaan qof kasta ama dhacdo (tusaale ahaan, dhar brand si ay u iibsadaan, in carruurta si ay u University Yelky diro, waxaa loo baahan yahay in ay leeyihiin a Rolls-Royce ama Mercedes ). Haddii qof doonayo in laga takhaluso doorka ay ku soo rogeen, sida caadiga ah, waxaa la rumeysan yahay in ay ku wayday sharafta, iyo waxaa laga dalban karaa in uu cunaqabatayn bulshada.

kaladuwan Social in kiisaskan jirsado galay group cadaanyo, iyo xataa bulshada oo dhan ku saabsan hab dhaqanka qofka, taas oo "diido" si uu ku rumoobo laga filayo ee waafaqsan xeerarka iyo qiyamka guud ahaan aqbalay. cunaqabatayn noocan oo kale ah waxaa laga yaabaa in la heli karo oo sharciga ku hoos, iyo mararka qaarkood waxay ku salaysan yihiin caadooyinka, anshaxa ama diinta. Tani waxay si gaar caan ku dhaqanka u ah bulshada, marka ay koorsada of xitaa talaabo jirka tagtaa - garaaca, ciqaabta dilka, ama lynching dilaan, oo xabsi ah. Xaaladaha kale, codsan cunaqabatayn dhaqaale sida ganaaxa ama lala wareego hantida. Laakiin inta badan wadamada casriga ah waxaa inta badan ku koobnayn characters ah oo muujinaysa ixtiraam.

xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya doorka bulshada, xaaladda, cunaqabatayn, sharafta, iyo habab kale sida barataa anshax gaar ah, interactionism. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah kooxaha, kuwaas oo, ku odhan saynisyahano, ay "dunida" u gaar ah halkaas oo rinji "script nolosha" falalka qaarkood, dharka qaarkood abuuraa. Waxaa xataa ku kaladuwan yihiin bulsho ee luqada ee ay faraqa u dhexeeya kooxo badan oo dad ah oo duurka ku ah xirfad ama shirkadaha. Laakiin Caalamka sida aad uguma fiirsato. Kuwa ama dhacdooyinka dadweynaha kale, gaar ahaan baaxad weyn, dadka ciidanka in dib looga fikiro doorkooda ka dhigi falalka mararka qaarkood aad la filayn. Sidaas isbedel ee dunida la yaqaan, taas oo kaalinta cusub ee loo qaybiyey.