Kaydsiga warshadaha - in ay lagama maarmaan tahay? Badeecadaha for kaydsiga. koorsooyinka kaydsiga

Abuurista ee 1814 beekeeper Ruush P. I. Prokopovichem guri shinni jir suurto codsiga ku dhaqanka habab caqligal ah lagu hayo shinnida. Ka dib markii ay ka soo qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 19, been abuurtay ee abaaraha macmal ah (I. Mehring, Germany) iyo shawladda (F. Hruska, Czech Republic) furay jidka u kaydsiga warshadaha.

Taariikh kooban

In boqolkii sano ee soo socota, shinni ku yiilleen ugu dambeyntii xilka guddiga, sagxad iyo buul sanduuqyada. Abaabulka habab horumarsan iyo farsamooyinka ku lug farmashiyaha aad u fiican AM Butlerov, beekeepers-dunida I. E. Shavrov, S. K. Krasnoperov.

In Russia, kaydsiga warshadaha soo baxday sida laan madax bannaan ee beeraha in dadaalka ah qabanqaabiyaha talented, wariye iyo baraha Ibraahim Evlampievich Titova mahad - ". Ganacsi kaydsiga" editor aasaasaha iyo muddo-dheer oo ka mid ah Waxaa dhiirigelintiisa lahaa qoraallada iyo tusaale ah ee keentay pchelopromyshlennika America ee Amos Root, in 1911 ee gobolka tuulada Borshchagovka Kiev ee Titov aasaasay boqortooyadii ugu horeysay ee apiary-qoyseedka xannaanada. Ka hor inta Revolution October waxaa ka joogay 200 ururo shinnida, waxaa jiray 15 xilliyeedyada gaar ah.

Dhallinyarada ahaa Soviet Republic Aabraam Evlampievich sii hawlaha cilmi-baarista iyo soo-saarka sida madaxa Izmailovo apiary ah tijaabo ah. Sida laga soo xigtay mashruuca 1929 ee Bariga Fog, beer ugu horeysay ee shinnida loo abuuray. In sano ee ku xiga, shirkadaha, kuwaas oo bilaabay in ay ka shaqeeyaan Central Asia, Kabardino-Balkaria, ee Kuban ah.

Xaaladda ay ku sugan

sida ugu wanaagsan ee ma saameeyeen burburkii industry ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ee. Giant ee beeraha dawladda iyo shirkadaha warshadaha ayaa laga ciribtiray. warshadaha shinnida ee Russia si dhib soo kabsado dhulka laga badiyay, laakiin xoog badan oo si buuxda u howlgasho, iyadoo aanay suurtagal ahayn in la yidhaahdo.

Baahi degdeg ah si loo wanaajiyo ilaalinta sharciga iyo abuurka ah oo baaxad weyn oo xeerka maamulka. Waxaa jira yaraanta shaqaalaha xirfad tacliin heer sare for kaydsiga, wax ku ool ah iyo maamulayaasha hami kuwa neefsan kara nolosha cusub warshadaha.

In baahan cusboonaysiinta xagjirka ah ee salka qalab iyo farsamo. Shaqada ee apiary ah waa in ay suurto gal matoorada iyo iswada, in dhab ahaan saamaynta togan ee sii kordhaya Muga-soo-saarka iyo alaabta shinida Ruush tartan ee suuqa dunida. Dalku wuxuu leeyahay awoodda iyo khayraadka ay kaga taqaluseyso kooxda warshadaha: US, Australia, Canada.

arrimaha Size?

Oo kaliya haddii miisaanka waa ka shinnida ganacsiga hiwaayadda kala duwan? Sida wax soo saarka kasta oo, ay ujeedada ugu weyn waa wax soo saarka ugu badan ee alaabta loo baahan yahay tayada (malab iyo badeecadaha la xiriira) alaabtaa iyo waqtiga ugu yar ee kharashka. Arrinta ugu muhiimsan ee kor u faa'iidada iyo koritaanka - takhasuska iyo ka-fiirsashada.

Urursanaanta tilmaamaysaa beeraha shinnida kordhin in dhinacyada si mug leh. beer faa'iido waa in ugu yaraan 500 oo deegaanada shinni.

Takhasus waxaa lagu qeexaa by aagga cimilada,

• Gobollada koonfureed ee dalka - jihada razvedencheskoe (bees xirmo gaarsiinta, boqorado).
• Bariga Fog, Degmada Urals - malab (malab, wax).
• Far North - pollination (pollinating dalagga ee kaxeynayo koriyo), iyo kuwa kale.

Intaa waxaa dheer, dhammaan qaybaha silsilad geedi socodka (qalab iyo qalabka, dhismayaasha, habab iyo farsamooyin) waxaa lagu sakhiray in simayo adag iyo Midaynta. Siyaabo badan, guusha ay shirkadu ku xiran tahay doorashada saxda ah ee bees sirdoonka iyo taranta wax soo saar leh. Relations "nin - shinni ah" si buuxda u rationalized, ma jiraan wax qol for "lyrics" - kaliya account ganacsi.

kaydsiga zone horumarinta

Laga soo bilaabo waxbarashada iyo loo ogaado mugga iman kara goobaha khayraadka malab, ay helitaanka, doorashada saxda ah ee meelaha takhasuska ah dhaqaalaha ay ku xidhan tahay in ay faa'iidada iyo horumarinta guul.

The kaymaha ee Tatarstan, Bashkortostan iyo Territory Primorsky yihiin dhirta malab ah noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee kala duwan ee Limes. In ka sano wanaagsan ugu medosbor gaari kartaa ilaa 20 kg halkii qoys. Kaymaha isku qasan iyo cows seere Yurub Russia guri shinni ku siin karaan 3 kg oo malab ah maalin kasta in meelaha koonfurta on dalagyada kaleh, dhaqamada Attar - 6 kg. aagga saldhiga calafka xoolaha waa inuu hubiyaa ma aha oo kaliya ururinta malab ah, laakiin sidoo kale waqti of horumarinta daran iyo horumarinta ee xoogga qoyska.

khayraadka malab Kalidaa hana u oggolaan in ay baaqbaaq shinnida heer warshadeed. Maxaa loo baahan yahay in la beddelo in dabeecadaha iyo dhaqanka?

technology kaydsiga warshadaha

Isticmaalka farsamooyinka sare ee bees taranta ayaa suuragal ah keliya in apiaries weyn (500 oo qoys), halkaas oo isticmaalka mechanization soo dejin doonaa natiijooyin la taaban karo. awood badan Dhismaha oo dhan beeraha apiary waxaa loo qaybiyaa cutubyo dhaqaale (500-600 finan) iyo mid kasta oo go'an iyo kaaliyihiisa aqoon, qoondeeyo agabka iyo qalabka lagama maarmaanka ah (isku joog beekeeper, sigaar, faas ah, iwm ..). Ka dib markii wintering iyo flyby nadiifiskeeda u of bees qaadeen ku saleysan unugga processing hoose oo lagu kaxaysto on a laaluush guga (wax ka badan 100 finan halkii dhibic). On estate dhexe dayactiro karaa oo keliya unit (2-3 qof), oo u adeegaya in xaaladiisu wanaagsan tahay oo ka kooban qalab iyo qalabka kaydsiga.

Maxaa yeelay, dhammaan of apiary waa nidaam daryeel group hal tiro hoos imtixaanka lagu jiro xilli. SRI takhasusay kaydsiga qabtaan shaqada soo socda ugu yaraan (qoysaska ciidanka kadis ah isbahaysiga la siiyo midayso):

• kormeerka guga iyo bees quudinta
• gooyn formation,
• dejinta dukaamada ama dhismayaasha kale,
• doorashada ee malab suuqa la, gooyaa, naadi,
• diyaarinta jiilaalka.

Si aad u dhigay taariikhda lagu baaro oo kaliya 10-20 deegaanada shinnida apiary, tixgeliyaan maragga of rugta ay gacanta ku. Doorashada ku bees wadnaha daafaca jecel roylivoy yar heer sare ah wax soo saar iyo ugu dabaqaa xaaladaha maxalliga ah.

Inta lagu jiro xilli, abaabuli doonaa ugu yaraan 3-4 apiary gaadiid ubax dalalkan melliferous in la kordhiyo faa'iidada.

Waxyaabaha iyo salka farsamo

Waayo, meesha dhexe beer xulay la kaabayaasha, iyadoo wadooyinka wanaagsan. dhismayaasha Farm (meesha ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka, sotohranilische, winterer) waa in lagu rakibaa in view of hawlgalka fudud, qalabaysan meelaha baabuurta iyo qalabka qaadaya. Power of Automobile oo cagaf Park waa in ay bixiyaan baahida shirkadda gaadiidka beerta.

Marka qalabaysan apiary wuxuu diiradda saarayaa doorashada ee finan ah. Waa in ay leeyihiin dhinacyada caadiga ah iyo xubno laysku beddelid karo (guryaha, dukaamada, loox dishmaha). Baahida loo qabo design xoog leh oo fudud in adkeysi soo celin karaa manipulations maaraysay inta lagu guda jiro maaraynta iyo guuritaan.

In ka tiro xaq u iibsatay qalabka kaydsiga, qalabka malab matoorada shubto, qalabka voskopererabatyvayuschee (macsarada, centrifuges, matoorrada uumi). dukaan nijaarnimada gaar ah urur ee la mashiinada wanaagsan oo ku takhasusay soo laabtay si dhakhso ah on maalgashiga.

Nasiib darro, wax soo saarka badan ee kaydsiga, soo bandhigay suuqa maanta waa huriye. Inta badan, shirkado injineerada hadhay u dhiska iyo tayeynta qalabka jira. Tusaale ahaan, soo diyaarinta tacsida malab-sonkor loo isticmaalo mashiinka lagu cajiimo oo warshadeed ee qaybiyo sharoobada - kabadal shawladda pyatidesyatiramochnaya, iwm ...

ururka shaqada

On ganacsi kaydsiga badan oo ku faafay hab qeybaha taas oo mid kasta oo apiary ah, oo ka kooban 500 si ay u 1000 oo qoys, shaqaalaha shaqaalaha 2-6 dadka loo helo. xirfadlayaasha More xirfadda iyo khibradda loo magacaabay hoggaamiyaha kooxda oo kharash ahaan masuul ka. Iyadoo guusha dhaqanka laba nooc oo shaqo:

• iskaashiga shaqada. Marka fulinta shuqulladiisa oo baaxad weyn (apiary gaadiidka, shubto malab)-qabadka hawl iyo tayada unugyada isu geeyo dadaalka.
• qaybsiga shaqada. Shaqaale kasta waxa si automatism xanbaarsan qabtaan geedi socod kasta (tus, badidood lugahooda adag) - abuuraa ah si ciriiri ah diiradda. Si loo hagaajiyo tayada shaqo, link kasta waa dejiya sharciyada qaar ka mid ah ay yihiin xisaabaadka adag ee wax soo saarka, isticmaalo iyo qalabka. Advantageously ku dhaqmaan isku xirfadaha iyo waajibaadka (cagaf darawalka beekeeper, beekeeper - joiner, iwm).

warshadaha shinnida waa fakari karin oo aan tababar joogto ah oo tababar ee shaqaalaha. koorsooyinka Production - foomka ugu geli karo oo kaamil ah. Waxaa loo qabtay maamulka farsamo ee qaboobaha xoolaha sare oo la lug ah macalimiinta dugsiyada gaarka ah.

Dura qortaan koox ka mid ah ardayda Dabcan kaydsiga ah (fasalada af iyo dhaqanka) ee Beeraha Academy. Timiryazev Academy of Baarusta. Scriabin (Moscow) ee Perm koriska University Pskov garafyada College.

Noocyada alaabta iyo arrimaha marketing

Natiijada shaqada warshadaha ee muujinaysaa in lagu daro wax soo saarka, waxaa jira wax badan oo ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale.

In ka badan 80% ka mid ah beeraha dakhliga ka soo harta iibka malab suuqa la heli, oo ku saabsan guryaha, daawooyinka lagu yaqaano tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore. baahida Wax qalab dihin ee qodniinka-, rinjiga iyo daabacaadda warshadaha, laakiin qeybta libaax ee sheyga (70%) waxa lagu celiyaa industry ee foomka of abaaraha aan dabiici ahayn.

kaydka weyn ee warshadaha been faa'iidada horumarinta farsamooyinka kaydinta iyo processing ee propolis, manka, shinni mariidka iyo manka, jelly boqornimada iyo homogenate drone dirxiga loo isticmaalo in la isku qurxiyo iyo dawooyinka.

Intaa waxaa dheer, shirkadaha razvedencheskogo tilmaamaha alaabta fal iyo naftooda bees ah - ilaa 50% ka mid ah dhaqaalaha faa'iido of Southern Russia ka boqorado iibinta iyo baakadaha.

Ajaanibta naga caawin doontaa?

Waayo, ganacsiga shisheeye shinnida waxa lagu gartaa wax soo saarka sare iyo badasho ee wax soo saarka. shuruudaha sharci iyo saadka waa wanaagsan loogu talagalay isticmaalka iyo horumar ah ee noocyada caadiga ah ee technology iyo qalab, iyo, iyada oo sababtu tahay - waafaqsan oo dhan adag heerarka caalamiga ah ee badeecada. Kaydsiga warshadaha dalal badan oo gobolka adag qaata deeqaha, wuxuu jecel yahay taageerada buuxda. Tusaale ahaan, dawladda Maraykanka canshuuraha soo rogay malab keeno, (waayo, Shiinaha iyo 180%, Argentina - ilaa 60%). waarido US jari malab lacag (ilaa $ 300 milyan sannadkii) waxaa loo qoondeeyey in lagu taageero saarayaasha qoyska.

Waayo, saarayaasha Ruush noqon doonaa waayo-aragnimo waxtar leh dhigooda Canadian. deegaanada shinnida Performance dalka ee kor ku xusan natiijada celcelis ahaan dunida in ka badan laba jeer.

Ku lifaaq muhiimad weyn u hagaajinta iyo ballaarinta kala duwan ee shirkadaha soo saara waxyaabaha for kaydsiga. In daabacaadda suuqa line cell si toos ah iyo listo centrifuges malab iyo taangiyada, qalabka lagu lafo tayada malab ah. Cidduu doono dareenka iyo xataa ilaa kuwa tiimbashada xumaanta: suud beekeeper "Sheriff" shirkadda deenishka "Svente" Heer sare ah ee ilaalinta, raaxada, cimri dherer.

Rajada horumarka. Innovation ee shinnida

Tartami la dhigooda Western ka dhigi kara horumarinta shaqaalaha Beeraha University Ryazan ah oo duurka ku ah hababka mechanization oo cusub oo processing alaabta warshadaha shinnida, oo ay ku jiraan:

• technology iyo qalab beebread saaridda iyo qalajiyo,
• nadiifinta adag oo daran ee propolis,
• technology Cuntada ee quudinta qolof wax bardho.

Inta badan qalabka waa la ordaya ee wax soo saarka. Technology si firfircoon uga sahamin beeraha shinnida.

rajada wanaagsan ku xiran iyadoo la isticmaalayo ah malabkii caag macmal ah, finan cusub (ka fasalada qaar ka mid ah xumbo polystyrene iyo), isticmaalka film imaging in la kordhiyo xoog badan deegaanada shinnida.

The technology kacaan ururinta alaabta la soo bandhigay by beekeepers Australia. Wadnaha waxaa ka mid ah - design cusub for jir ah finan shinni iyo "guriga". Marka buuxinta malab awlallada malabka waa in la furo tuubada, iyo wax soo saarka oo keliya qulqula fidsan ee awoodda guri shinni ah.

Waxay bixisaa badan oo fikrado iyo farsamooyinka, mararka qaarkood ku dhowaad aan macquul ahayn. Taas oo iyaga ka mid ah ku qaadan doonaa xidid iyo ka faa'iideysan doonaan beekeepers iyo kaydsiga, mar kaliya sheegi doonaa.