Kiev City: Kiev Difaaca (1941)

Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka la taaban karo of War Great Patriotic waa dagaal ee 1941 waayo Kiev. difaaca oo magaalada ka socday ka July si September, waxaana uu sheegay in nolosha dad badan. Dukumiintiyada dhacdadan waxaa lagu magacaabaa hawlgalka daafaca istaraatiijiga ah ee Kiev.

In kasta oo geesinimo ah oo afar askari ah Soviet iyo dadka deegaanka loo ogolaaday qaladaad badan oo istiraatiiji ah. Ka dibna, waxay keentay in dhacdooyinkii naxdinta lahaa, taas oo boqollaal kun oo dad ku bixiyay naftiisa la.

Laga bilaabo dhammaadka

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee Kiev ayaa lagu weeraray aad u bilowgii dagaalka. Waxa ay aheyd June 22, 1941, qarax Jarmal qaaday off markii waagii beryay ayaa isaga bambooyin ay. Sayidka bilaabay Patriotic War Weyn. In ka yar bil ka dib Jarmalka u iman doonaan inay magaalada si dhow.

From cirka ay beegsadeen saldhigga a dhismaha tareenka, warshad diyaarad, garoonka diyaaradaha a military, iyo kuwa kale, oo ay ku jiraan guryo la dego. Dadka badankiisu xitaa ma oga in dagaalka bilaabay. Dadkaas iyaga ah, waxa ay ahayd jimicsiga joogtada ah, taas oo lagu culus ku qaadeen Ciidamada Soviet muddo ka badan hal sano ah.

Laga soo bilaabo in magaalada ay bilaabeen in ay u diyaar garoobaan difaaca. Waxaa la abuuray line difaaca Kiev, kaas oo ahaa xariijin 200 Jeelal. In hore iyaga ka mid ah waxaa la dhisay moats ka dhanka ah taangiyada iyo lugta. line kale oo pillboxes iyo godod la aasaasay dhow magaalada. shuqulladaada oo dhammu waxyaalahan waxaa fuliyay in ka badan 160 kun oo qof of Kiev iyo dadka deggan tuulooyinka ku dhow.

On June 23, magaalada furay waxyaabaha abaabulka. 200 kun oo qof ayaa u yeedhay, in ay tahay mid ka mid shanaad oo ka mid ah dadka deggan Kiev. Sida laga soo xigtay markhaatiyaal indhaha ku arkay, dadka dhallinyarada ah doonayay in ay helaan in ay hore si ay ula dagaalamaan kooxda Jarmalka. waddaninimo Tani ma dillaacin denunciations badan iyo cadaadis ka dhacay 30-ka oo mar kale dib u bilaabay sababta oo ah dagaalka.

Bilowgii hawlgalka daafaca Kiev waxaa loo arkaa in ay 11-kii July, marka ciidamada Wehrmacht gaadhay webiga Irpen. Waxaa ku yaal 15 kiiloomitir galbeed ee magaalada. Operation socday 70 maalmood.

Ka qaybgalayaasha ka mid ah ay dhacdo

Si aad u xalliso fuliyay weerarkii lagu qaaday magaalada, iyo kuwa la fuliyay difaaca ee Kiev, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si loo eego miiska.

Qorshe Germany ee July 1941

amarka Jarmal rajeynayay inuu soo qabto ee Donbass iyo Crimean ah ka hor inta bilawga ah ee jiilaalka. Waxa kale oo ay ahayd muhiim ah in la soo qabto ururka Leningrad la ciidamada Finnish. Si ay u fuliyaan ujeedada waxay hortagi karo difaaca geesinimada ah ee Kiev.

Sida laga soo xigtay mid ka mid ah tilmaamaha ay, Hitler amray in ay qaybta koonfur-bari ahaa ma ahan oo keliya qaaday. Shaqada ugu muhiimsan waxa uu ahaa si looga hortago in bixitaanka ciidamada badan oo cadowga si qoto dheer, laakiin inuu iyaga baabbi'iyo, xataa on bangiga galbeed ee Dnieper ah.

Dagaalka ayaa in July iyo August, go'aanka musiibo

Si galbeed ee Kiev ahaa Army "South" ah. Waxaan hor iyada hore South-galbeed, taas oo ka xoogbadan, cadowga tirada askar iyo qalab farsamo. Laakiin dareemay la'aan weyn oo waayo-aragnimo. In ciidanka Soviet u baahnaydeen initiative of taliyayaasha, iyo Jarmalka ayaa si fiican u farsamo maneuvered oo waxay hareereeyeen by cadowga.

Oo ay la socdaan dagaallada fuliyay qaxidda ee dadweynaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ahayd kala daadsan. Inta badan, masuuliyiinta ka soo qaadeen qoysaskooda badan ee boorsooyinka, taas oo si weyn u cadhoodo muwaadiniinta caadiga ah. Ujeeddooyinkan, xitaa loo isticmaalaa baabuurta, kuwaas oo la dhibay ka dhiman hore.

Si kooban u caawiyay si loo xasiliyo xaalada weerarka geesinimada Army General Vlasov. August 10, waxaa isagii u mahad, xaafad ka mid ah Kiev ayaa la sii daayay. Waxaa kor u cadhoodaan Fuhrer Jarmal ee cadhoon August 8 waxaa lagu wadaa in ay qabtaan dhoolatus on Khreshchatyk. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guusha ciidamada Red ma dheer socon.

Qorshayaasha Germany ee August

Difaaca geesinimada ah ee Kiev qasbay amarka Jarmal in la beddelo qorshayaasha ay. Hitler rumeysan yahay in ka badan ayaa muhiim ah in la soo qabto Moscow ma aha sida Fikirka Franz Halder iyo dhulal koonfureed ee USSR. Ka hor xilliga qaboobaha, Hitler rabay si ay ula wareegaan Crimea, dhuxusha iyo gobolka warshadaha ee Donbass, iyo sidoo kale si loo joojiyo bixinta oo saliid ah ka soo Caucasus in ciidamada Soviet.

Waxa intaa dheer in Halder, go'aanka Hitler waxaan isku mid ma ahayn iyo Geynts Guderian. Waxa uu shaqsi ahaan isku dayay in uu ka dhaadhiciyo Fuhrer ma joojin weerarkii lagu qaaday Moscow, laakiin dood ma uu saamayn go'aanka Taliyaha Wehrmacht ee sare. Sayidka, qayb ka mid ah kooxda "Center" ayaa lagu wareejiyay koonfureed on 24 August iyo hakiyey weerarkii lagu qaaday Moscow.

Qorshe USSR ee August

Stalin baqayo Moscow. Wuxuu ogaa in ugu dhakhsaha badan talaabo military wareejin doonaa in jihada this. Waxaa sidoo kale xaqiijiyay in sirdoonka. Sida of hore August, ciidamada Jarmal ahaayeen si ay u weeraraan Moscow iyada oo loo marayo Bryansk.

Laakiin Stalin ma ay ogayn in Hitler uu go'aansado loo bedelo qorshaha iyo soo diri ciidamada dheeraad ah xagga koonfureed.

Dagaal dabayaaqadii August: gurasho laalan

August 21, Hitler saxiixay amarka. Waxay saamayn qiyaano on koorsada xiga ee dagaalka. Waxa uu ahaa xaqiiqada ah in ciidamada ugu weyn ee Wehrmacht ka soo gaaray dhabarjab ka Moscow xagga koonfureed, oo waa inuu Kiev, Crimean iyo Donbass.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in uu jiray ciidamada iyo difaaca madaniga ah ee Kiev labadaba, xaaladda noqday musiibo. Marka amarka this looma ogola in ay qaataan caasimada, ka cabsada reaction Stalin ee, taas oo ka reebnay.

Sidaas darteed of hore South-galbeed gabi ahaanba waxaa la hareereeyey by Jarmalka. Habeenka September 18 Moscow, waxaa la go'aamiyay u Dumayn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqtiga ayaa laga badiyay, iyadoo ay sabab u, ma dhammaan waaxyada ay awoodaan in ay ka baxaan ee giraanta. About 700,000 oo askari ayaa la qabsado oo la dilo. Masiirka isku dhacay Kirponos Guud, iyo sidoo kale 800 oo saraakiil iyo Guud oo ku hogaamiyay hore.

difaaca Kiev ay ku guuldareysatay. Ciidamada Soviet, Socda dhaqso ah weli u suurtagashay in ay wiiqaan dhan afar buundooyinka guud ahaan Dnieper ah. Isla mar ahaantaana iyaga on markan waxay ahaayeen dad rayid ah iyo shaqaalaha militariga. Waxaa la buriyay awood magaalada si fiican u shaqaynayn, biyo. In biyaha lagu tuuray kun oo jawaan oo cunto ah. falalka Kuwaas oo dhan Dhibka dadka haray (oo ku saabsan 400 kun) on badbaadista ee gaajaysan ee magaalada degan.

Kooxda Jarmalka ayaa soo galay magaalada on 19 September. Maalintii xigtay waxay bilaabeen dil oo Yuhuud iyo kumanaan ka mid ah dadka deegaanka ayaa bilaabay in ay ka baxaan si ay uga shaqeeyaan Germany. Tani waxay u tageen on muddo saddex sano ah.

Natiijada iyo saamaynta hawlgalka

Kyiv Difaaca Territorial ma ahayn in ay iska caabin ciidamada Wehrmacht ay awood. soo gaartay ayaa waxa ay dhabarjab culus ciidanka Soviet. Waxa intaa dheer in tirada badan ee nolosha aadanaha ayaa laga badiyay ka badan 4 kun oo gogo ', madaafiic, taangiyada, diyaaradaha.

difaaca guuleysan of Kiev furay wadada Wehrmacht bari. dhacdooyinka Next biloowday xawaare hillaac. Jarmalka ayaa qabsaday dhul badan oo.

Tariikhda ee qabsaday dhulka bariga iyo koonfurta,

• 8 October - badda Azov;
• October 16 - aagga Odessa The;
• 17 October - Donbass,
• October 25 - Kharkiv,
• November 2 - Crimea (Sevastopol jiray go'doominta).

Waxa ay aheyd guuldaradii this lagu hoobtay oo ka mid ah daqiiqado wanaagsan yar. First of dhan ciidamada Jarmal ka Moscow oy, ayaa karti amarka Soviet si ay isugu diyaariyaan ay difaaca. Waxaa sidoo kale ganaax weerar ka dhan ah Leningrad si ay u abuuraan isaga ku wareegsan giraan ah dhagan. Sayidka, Kiev howlgalka daafaca ma markii aan ka tago Jarmalka in ay qabsadaan Moscow.