Kuzanskiy Nikolay: falsafada eray iyo Biography. Fikradaha aasaasiga ah ee falsafada Nikolaya Kuzanskogo si kooban u

Mid ka mid ah weyn Faylasuuf, saynisyahan iyo siyaasi Nikolay Kuzansky waxa uu ku dhashay ee koonfurta Germany, in Cuza tuulada ee 1401. Sida dhallinyaro ah, Nicholas cararay ka dib markii uu warwareeggayga Tirada dadka da'da ah Theodoric von Manderscheid, bal yaa isaga u patronized nolosha oo dhan. Ajnabiga ilmaha masuulka isaga soo diray inaad wax ka barato Holland. Waxaa, dugsiga "walaalo ah nolosha caadiga ah", ayuu bartay Giriigga iyo Latin, waxaa ku hawlan faalloonaya iyo koobiyeynta ee buugaagta on falsafada iyo fiqiga. Ka dib markii qalin-jabinta, wuxuu ku soo laabtay Germany iyo waxbarashadiisa ka sii watay Jaamacadda Heidelberg.

Nikolay Kuzansky falsafad, taariikh nololeedka iyo noqoshada

Imaanshaha ee Padua ee 1417, Nikolay Kuzansky waxay bilaabeen inay bartaan sharciga xeerkoodu. Laakiin mid ka mid ah sharciga dhalinyarada xarfaanta ah uusan ku filnayn, wuxuu bilaabay inuu daawo iyo xisaabta, juqraafiga iyo xiddigaha, taariikhda dabiiciga ah iyo sayniska bartaan. In Padua uu kula kulmay saaxiibbadiis mustaqbalka Paolo Toscanelli iyo Yulianom Tsezarini, waxay fajac damacsanaayeen Nicholas waayo, falsafada iyo suugaanta.

Waxa uu helay uu horyaalka doctorate ah ee sharciga xeerkoodu, in 1423 Nikolay Kuzansky uu aaday dalka Talyaaniga, halkaasoo uu kula kulmay Chancellor of Rome Podzho Brachcholini, kuwaas oo doonaya in ay ku riixdaan in fiqiga. Ka dib markii in Germany laabtay, wuxuu bilaabay inuu ka baran hawlaha fiqiga ee Cologne. In 1426, sida wadaadka ah, waxaa loo magacaabay xoghayaha legate ku le'daan, Cardinal Orsini, iyo ka dib wuxuu noqday Raktarka Kiniisadda Koblenz.

In qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 15-kii, maamulka of Church Catholic ayaa hoos u aargoosiga badan oo u dhexeeya Cathedral iyo Pope ka, amiirradii dhulgoosadka iyo sheekh oo keentay inay kala ah dunida kiniisadda. Si loo soo celiyo saamaynta dibuhabayntii Church loo baahan yahay ee, cardinals badan oo soo jeediyay in la xadido saamaynta le'daan iyo xoojinta awoodda of katedraalka. cathedral ee 1433 iyo in Nikolay Kuzansky, oo la hadlay laalista awoodda wayn baadari yimid.

Habeeynta Nikolaya Kuzanskogo in kaniisadda iyo dawladda

fikradaha Reformative kula macaamilooteen labada kaniisadda iyo dawladda oo dhan. Kuzanskiy Nikolay, kuwaas oo falsafada iska cad in uu shaqo ugu horeysay "On oggolaansho of Catholics," warsan document, waxa loogu yeero Deeq ee Constantine, taas oo uu sheegay in kala iibsiga ee kaniisadda, ma aha oo kaliya ruuxiga ah, laakiin sidoo kale awood temporal by Constantine Emperor ah. Nikolay Kuzansky sidoo kale ku wacdiyey fikradda hore soo jeediyay Ockham, on doonista dadka, si siman u ah gobolka iyo kiniisadda. Taliye kasta - doonista side dadka a. Waxa uu sidoo kale soo jeediyay in la kala saaro xoogga maamulka kaniisadda iyo dawladda.

Under hanjabaad duulaanka ciidamada Turkish Gariigga iyo Byzantines wadahadalo on urur oo ka mid ah kaniisadaha bariga iyo galbeedka, kuwaas oo u yimid oo Nikolay Kuzansky. Waxaa, uu kula kulmay Vissarion iyo Plethon yaqaan waqtiga Neoplatonists ah, waxay door weyn ka qaataan aragti mustaqbalka falsafo.

Fikradaha ku saabsan dib u habaynta la soo jeediyay in Nikolay Kuzansky, falsafadda, fikradaha aasaasiga ah waxaa si kooban u tilmaamay, dabcan, waa ay adag tahay - waxaa loo waxyooday by saameynta ay Zaman, burinaya ay, halganka oo ka mid ah u badnaanta kala duwan. Kaliya baxaya aragti dhulgoosadka in nolosha, weli waa arrin ku xiran fikrado Dr Makumbe oo nololeed. Rise of iimaanka, gunti xad-dhaaf ah, jiidanaya dishaan jidhka, waxaa gabi ahaanba aan la ogoley in lala Zaman farxad. xiisaha cad in garanaya shuruucda dabeecadda, qiimaynta ee mudnaanta xisaabta iyo sayniska kale ee saxda ah, saameynta ay Qarniyadii hore iyo caddooyinka - kanu wuxuu ahaa falsafada ah ee Renaissance ah. Nikolay Kuzansky waxaa si firfircoon uga qayb kiniisaddii iyo nolosha siyaasadeed, laakiin waqti isku mid waqti badan u huray in barashada cilmiga sayniska.

falsafadda ah, Renaissance ee pantheism. Nikolay Kuzansky, Bruno

Aqoon Ambrogio Traversari, Lorenzo Valla, Silvio Piccolomini (mustaqbalka Pope Pius II) loo yaqaan humanists of time in ay saameeyeen aragtida dunida Nikolaya Kuzanskogo. Iyadoo lagu tilmaamayo in ay qoraallada falsafada qadiimiga ah, ayuu ku akhriyey Proclus asalka iyo Plato.

Qoto xiddigaha waxqabad, cosmography, xisaabta, danaha caamka ah waxa ay ku xiran humanists, sida saaxiibkiis Toskanelli. xad Philosophy Nikolaya Kuzanskogo, waafaqsan waqtiga. mabaadi'da Sayniska u baahan waxbarasho nidaamka xisaabta, tirinta, lagu qiyaaso, oo miisaankeedu yahay. Isaga oo khuseeya "On waayo-aragnimo ah ee miisaankeedu yahay" tallaabada ugu horraysa ee marxalad cusub oo horumarka sayniska iyo farsamada. In shaqada Nikolay Kuzansky saamayn ku physics tijaabo ah, dhaqdhaqaaqa, statics, uu si wadajir ah xerin aragti iyo hawlgelin. marka hore wuxuu u abuuray Eebe map juquraafi ee Europe, iyo sidoo kale dib u habaynta la soo jeediyay ee kaalendarka Julian, kuwaas oo weli la saxo ka dib, laakiin kaliya ka dib markii qarni badh.

Falsafada Nikolaya Kuzanskogo iyo Giordano Bruno in wax la mid ah. Fikradaha on cosmology, waxay ahaayeen fikrado badan cusub ee Copernicus iyo diyaariyey jidka nooca of waxbarista Bruno. Waxay wax badan oo shuqullada cilmiyeed ku saabsan fiqiga, falsafada, mawduucyada wacdina iyo siyaasadeed, midoobeen fikrad la mid ah caalamka oo aan la koobi karayn tagay. guurka ka xeerkii Dr Makumbe muujineysa sida falsafada ah ee Renaissance ah. Nikolay Kuzansky yeesho fikirka ah xadka, iyaga loo isticmaalaa in Ilaah iyo tirooyin sharax in joomateri.

Ilaah dunida u yahay, oo ay dunida oo waa Ilaah. Fikradda ah ee la xiriirta

Dhibaatada ugu weyn ee in fikirka ku Nikolaya Kuzanskogo ahaa ratio ee dunida iyo Ilaah, Theocentricism uu falsafada ahaa gabi ahaanba shisheeye in ay fiqiga Dr Makumbe. aqoon Scholastic Ilaah Cusa soo horjeeda aragtida ah ee "Jaahil bartay", kaas oo siiyey magaca ee uu shaqada ugu horeysay falsafada.

Jaahil Academic macnaheedu ma aha diidmada Ilaah iyo aqoonta dunida, tani ma aha diidmada ah ee shakiga, oo ay u muujiyaan baaxadda Oge by yahay ee macquulka ah maadadaha. Falsafadda waa sii wadi arrimaha Ilaah iyo dunida, waa ka Jaahil ah oo fikradaha incommensurable iyo fikrado ku saabsan shayga. Pantheism ee falsafada ah ee Renaissance ee Nikolay Kuzansky sharaxayaa ma aha oo kaliya ka soo dhibic diinta of view, laakiin halkii ay ka falsafada ah. aqoonsiga Ilaah oo dhan la dunida iyo nuxurka oo dhan, la sameeyey ayaa sal u ah in uu falsafadda. Tani waxay ogol yahay inuu u dhaqaaqo diinta iyo Ilaah, fikrado fududeeyey oo ku saabsan ruuxa iyo sarrayn wax kasta personalizing iska.

Marka Iogann Venk eedeeyay Nikolaya Kuzanskogo in eretizm, in uu difaaco, ayuu muujiyay baahida loo qabo in Ilaah kala - cibaadada mawduuca, ku salaysan aragtida ah nidaam cibaadada Ilaah ka yimid - shay waxbarasho. Sayidka, Nikolay Kuzansky, gelin Ilaah sida uu aragtida falsafada u gaarka ah, oo uma uu baraynin sida dhibaatada fiqi ahaaneed. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaa loola jeedaa in ratio ee wax dhammeeyayna ah ee dunida inuu dunida ka mid ah aan la koobi karayn, asalka.

Baahnayn fool badnaan buuxda, dhibic hore ee tixraaca

Ilaah, kan uu wax ku arkay renunciation dhamaystiran oo wax dunida - bilowgii qabka ugu weyn, ugu badnaan buuxda. Tani waa bilowgii wax walba oo guud ahaan la jiray oo dhammu Kuzanskiy Nikolay si-sheegtay. Falsafadda ka timaadaa xaqiiqada ah in Ilaah ku jira wax walba oo kale. Oo waa ka xoogbadan oo dhan.

Waa fikrad xun ee Ilaah keenay Nikolay Kuzansky, kuwaas oo la xiriirta falsafad ku gacansaydhay ay otherworldliness, waxay isku daraa dunida. Ilaah u muuqday in lagu xaaqayo dunida, iyo dunida waa xagga Ilaah. Taas ayaa ku dhow inuu pantheism, tan Ilaah ma aha tilmaamay dabeecadda, nabad iyo nooca waa isaga gudihiisa, sida isaga oo ku jira qofka.

Waayo, habka kala soocista Kuzanskiy Nikolay, falsafadda ah oo ku taala ee guurka ka rabaani ah in ay walise, adeegsanayaa ereyga "geeyo". Laftiisa uu tusinayaa soo shaacbaxaysa ee waadaxa ah, waxay keenaysaa in fahan qoto dheer midnimada dunida, burburinta fikradaha jaranjaro.

Sidee si ay u sharxaan saynisyahan sida Nikolay Kuzansky, falsafadda, fikradaha aasaasiga ah ee kuwaas oo ku lifaaqan in fikradda ah nuxurka taas oo ah qaab noocan oo kale ah duubnaadaan gudahood nabadda Ilaah fool oo waxaa jira dhaqdhaqaaqa, waqtiga - dumaya, iyo ciidamo ka mid ah khadka - barta. In cilmiga waxaa aasaas u ah soo beegay lahjado ka mid ah isku lidka ah dunida iyo Ilaah. Abuur, fasiray sidii ciidamo laga yaabaa in aanay ku meel gaar ah, sababta oo ah abuurka - waa jiritaanka Ilaah, oo waa weligeed ah. Sayidka, uunka qudhiisana, ma muujinta ku meel gaar ah ee loo baahan yahay si aad u hesho oo aanay qorshaha rabaani ah, sida baray diinta.

Cosmology in fikradaha of Cusa. Fikradda ah xad la'aan ah ee caalamka iyo nuxurka rabaani ah

caalamka ka jira sida ilaah geeyo joogto ah, tan waxaa keliya, ugu badnaan ka buuxda, waxaa laga yaabaa in ay jiraan gobolka ugu kaamil galay ballamay, eray kale, waa koonkan Ilaah ah Eebe ka noqon kartaa oo kaliya in hab kooban. Tani waa xaddidaadda ah - tilmaanta ugu muhiimsan ee otherness Ilaah ka soo caalamka. Sida by Nikolay Kuzansky wakiil, falsafada si kooban u sharaxayaa dhibaatada iyo u baahan habayn ah. sawir Scholastic dunida, marka dunida ku uumay, kexeeyey oo wakhtiga ku eg tahay muddaada reer jidhadhka samada, oo lagu tilmaamay Christian Ilaah ma beego cilmiga, kaas oo la soo bandhigay by Nikolay Kuzansky. Falsafadda, fikradaha aasaasiga ah ee kuwaas oo ku jira fikrad ah pantheistic ee rabbaaniga ah iyo walise ah, sharxayaa fikradda ah Ilaah iyo dunida sida goobo xuddun u gudaha iyo meel waqti isku mid ah meel kasta.

Space gudahood qofka, iyo qofka in Ilaah

Iyada oo ku saleysan aragtida this Ilaah ka dhigaya in ay meesha bannaan ee dabiiciga ah, dunida waxay leedahay goobo u gaar ah, laakiin ay xarunta meel kasta waa. Weli dunida ma aha aan la koobi karayn, haddii kale uu u lahaa loo siman yahay inay Ilaah, oo ay dhacdo in this waxa uu noqon lahaa goobo xarunta, waxa uu noqon lahaa dhamaadka iyo, sidaas, bilowgii, waxa uu noqon lahaa ku dhow. Tani waa muujinta ah ee dunida sida Us ka timaada Ilaaha, sharxayaa Nikolay Kuzansky. Falsafadda, fikradaha aasaasiga ah oo aad si kooban u sharxi kartaa dhammaadka lahayn, oo ku xidhan rabaani ah, walise bilaabay inuu usu ifafaale in jiritaanka jidhka iyo da'ayeen. Iyadoo ku saleysan, waxaannu ku tirinnaa karaa oo ku saabsan cosmology. Waxaa soo baxday, Earth ma aha xarunta dunida, iyo goobada aan la hagaajin karin jidhadhka samada, sida ay Kuzanskiy Nikolay.

falsafadda ah mudnaan cosmology u diidaa dalka oo markii hore waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay xarunta caalamka oo dhan, oo Ilaah noqdo bartamaha wax walba, waqti isku mid ah waxa uu sharaxayaa mooshinka dhulka. Diididda meel dhexe iyo muddaada ee dhulka, ma soo bandhigaan nidaamka dhaqdhaqaaqa hay'adaha cirka waa la dabciyeen xaqna u ahaa dalka, wuxuu jidka u bannaysay for horumarinta cosmology iyo geocentricism faqiirsan xaq macquul ah.

fahamka ee nuxurka rabaani ah, Jaahil sayniska

Burburinayo aragtida diimeed ee caalamka, taas oo caan ku Neoplatonists ah, Nikolay Kuzansky soo bandhigay ma degaya ilaah, dagno heerka ee ku wajahan wax, laakiin sida muujin ka timid nuxurka ugu sareeya rabaani ah. Sidaas darteed, dunida u muuqataa sida Abuur kaamil rabaani ah, kaas oo kuu ogolaanaya in aad si aad u aragto sarraynta Ilaah iyo farshaxanka. Perishability wax kasta ma qarin karaan abtirsan ee ujeeddada Ilaahay. quruxda dunida, kaas oo uu ku tilmaamay by Nikolay Kuzansky, falsafadda ah xidhiidhada caalamiga ah iyo wada noolaanshaha uunka waxaa xaq. At iyo abuurniinta dunida ah Ilaaha isticmaali joomateri, xisaabta, xiddigaha, music iyo farshaxanka oo dhan ka shaqeeya qofka.

Noolaanshaha dunidu waxay si cad u muujiyeen in nin - Abuuridda ugu weyn ee Ilaah. Tani waa caddaynta ku Nikolay Kuzansky. Falsafadda, fikradda asaasiga ah kuwaas oo ku jira sharaxaad ka oo dhan waa u qurux badan, oo la abuuray by Ilaah, waxaa ay xidhiidh dhow la daraasadda ee cosmology iyo ontology pantheistic. Man loo arkaa Abuur wayn Ilaah. waxaa dhigaya oo dhan adigoo heerka gaar ah in madaxda kor ku xusan, waxaan dhihi karaa in uu u muuqata in ay deified. Sayidka, isagu waa qof wayn, galaan dunida oo dhan galay.

Waa maxay caan oo dhan muhiim ah: jiidashada ee isku lidka ah oo loogu dhawaaqaa in jiritaanka aadanaha. Compliance leh ugu badnaan soo giringiriyey Eebe iyo meel qalabka Developed muuqataa in nooca nin, dunida wax-u dhimay. Tani waa kaamil ah oo dhamaystiran waa nuxurka rabaani ah, taas oo ah hanti aadanaha oo dhan, ma shakhsi ah. Man, kiciyey si ay u heerka ugu sareeya, inuu noqdo mid la, ayaa laga yaabaa in ilaah la mid ah, gartay Ilaah-nin.

urur oo ka mid ah aadanaha iyo dabiicadda Ilaah noocan oo kale ah ayaa suuragal ah keliya in Wiilka Ilaah, Ciise. Sidaas darteed, aragtida qofka ay xidhiidh dhow la Masiixa, iyo in - la geeyo ee aragtida la Yimaadeen by Nikolay Kuzansky. Falsafadda si kooban oo si cad u sharxayaa in ay tahay nooca gabi ahaanba kaamil Ilaah Wiilka waa curtailment ee dabeecadda aadanaha, sida meel bannaan oo ku jira xaalad ah dumay, ku jira Ilaah. Bixitaankii nooca Masiix aadanaha waa la koobi karayn, laakiin kooban ee qofka, waa uguna. Sidaas darteed, qof Rowan - uguna isagoo. aqoonsiga qofka Masiixa iyo Nikolaem Kuzanskim ka caawiyay isaga guuraan fikradda ah abuurista nin soo jireenka ah ee waxbaristii kaniisadda. Isagu wuu fiirsadaa aadanaha aan Abuur, laakiin sida abuuraha, taasi waa waxa Jese ay nuxurka rabaani ah. Tani waa caddaynta ku awoodda maskaxda aadanaha si ay u fahmaan dunida waa la koobi karayn, si aad u barato wax cusub.

falsafadda ah pantheism Nikolaya Kuzanskogo iyo kuwa uu

Iyada oo falsafadda ah fikrad pantheism Nikolaya Kuzanskogo la xidhiidha xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya cilmiga iyo Iimaanka. The salaysan cilmiga hoos u dhigay meel view sida buug asal ahaan rabbaaniga ah, halkaas oo Ilaah ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in ay aqoonta aadanaha. Sidaa darteed aaminsan yahay fahamka by nuxurka rabaani yareeyo, oo ku yaalla nin. Laakiin, dhinaca kale, wacyi-ee dabiiciga ah ee la ballaariyey, wacyi Ilaah - the case of maanka aadanaha, taas oo aan la beddeli karo iimaanka indha la '. La'aanta aqoonta Nikolay Kuzansky barbar hadalqaaday ee caqliga ah, taas oo ku siinayaa fikrad ah jiidashada of lidka ah. Aqoontaas oo kale inuu riyo ugu caqliga ama dareen, wacyi miyir ah, dago ah, in si kale loo dhigo, Jaahil ah oo ku baaqay in sayniska.

waxay doonayaan in ay fahmaan macnaha dhabta ah, awood inay haleelaan immensity show waxyaalaha diiqid. Iyo runta la soo bandhigay sida Ujeedada wax, laakiin la haleeli, sida garaadka, waxbarashada ma joojin karaan, laakiin runta waa la koobi karayn. Cusa u maleeyeen in aqoonta aadanaha waa qaraabo, iyo aqoonta diinta. Sidaas darteed, wax diin ah oo keliya meel fog u dhow runta, sidaa darteed waa in aad ku eekaan dulqaadka diimaha iyo diidmada isweyneyn diinta.

A Faylasuuf distinguished, fekeraya, ama heretic ah?

Fikradaha aasaasiga ah Nikolaya Kuzanskogo cadeeyay inuu yahay mid aad u badan dhal u ah horumar kale ee falsafada horusocod ah. Saamaynta in horumarka sayniska dabiiciga ah, humanism, ayaa Faylasuuf caan ah ee Renaissance ka dhigay. Madhabta ee Arab-ka, soo jiidashada ah ee isku lidka ah ayay sii horumarinta Niyadda Jarmal ee falsafada of 18-19 qarniyo.

saamayn xoog leh ku aragtida ah dunida oo lahaa cosmology ah, fikradda ah koonkan ah aan la koobi karayn, ay la'aanta goobo iyo xarunta. Later waxaa la sii waday shuqulkii of raacsane ah Cusa, Giordano Bruno.

Gartay qofka sida Ilaah, abuuraha, caawisay kor muhiimadda ay leedahay aadanaha Cusa. Waxa uu ku ammaanay kartida maskaxda qofka aqoonta xad lahayn, inkastoo, dhab ahaantii, waxa aan ahaa la jaan qaada ka dibna soo bandhigidda kiniisadda of nin iyo arkay sida eretizm. Fikrado badan oo Nikolaya Kuzanskogo lid ku ah nidaamka dhulgoosadka iyo hoos u dhigay awooddii of Church ah. Laakiin waxa uu ahaa kii aasaaskii falsafada Renaissance dhigay oo uu noqday wakiilka u fiican ee dhaqanka ee uu waqti.